19.look
A. vi. 看 He looked happily at his great grandchildren playing about him.
B. link v.看起来 He looks cheerful and carefree.
C.习语
have/take a look a…看一看
have a look of…好像；仿佛
look about四下环顾
look about for…四下寻找
look after…照看；目送
look ahead考虑未来；预做准备
look as if…似乎；好象
look at…看
look away from…转移目光
look back回头看
look back on/ upon…回忆；回顾
look down on/ upon…俯视；蔑视
look for…寻找
look forward to doing sth. 期待；展望
look in（随便）看望
   He looked in on Mr. Smith on his way to work.
   He went to look in at the fish farm.
look into…窥视；调查
look like…看起来像
look on旁观
look on A as B 认为A是B
look out向外看； 注意；警戒
look out for…提防
look …over审阅； 翻阅
look through…透过……看去; 彻底调查；从头看到底
look up to sb. 尊敬/仰望某人
look up仰视；胸怀大志
look sth. up查阅
look sb. in the eye/ face直视某人

20.make
A. vt.(1)做；制造 Cell phones are made in this factory.
(2)和表示动作的名词连用，表示动作或活动
make a study of= study
make use of= use
make an examination of= examine   
make an explanation of= explain
make a fool of=fool  
make fun of
make repairs
make a suggestion= suggest      
make an attempt= attempt
make an answer= answer        
make a decision=decide
make preparations for=prepare for  
make a guess at=guess
make a speech                
make arrangements
(3)使（做）；使（成为） He made us work day and night.   
We were made to work day and night.
Praise make good men better and bad men worse.
We made you our monitor.         
What made you so frightened?
This machine makes it possible for us to finish the work in a short time.
He made it a rule to get up at six every morning.(规定)
(4)有条件成为 She will make a good housewife.  
Cold tea makes an excellent drink in summer.
B.习语
be made from由……原料制成       
be made of由……材料制成
be made out of由……制成           
be made up of由……所组成       
be made into被制成……             
be made to do sth. 被迫去做
make for=head for =make towards走向；冲向
make oneself understood/heard使自己被理解/听到
make…out理解；看清楚；辨认
make…up弥补；补偿；起草；捏造；化装；构成，占；言归于好，和解
make a living谋生
make bed铺床
make…clear表明；说明
make ends meet应付开支；维持生活；使收支相抵
make friends with与……交朋友
make one’s way to sp.向……走去
make room/ way for为……让路
make sure/certain一定要；保证做到；核实
Make sure that you get there in time.
We must make certain they will come in time.
make the best/most of尽量利用；充分利用
make up one’s mind决心；决定
to make a long story short长话短说
make sb.’s hair stand on end使……毛骨悚然
make a fire生火

21.prefer
A. 更喜欢；宁愿 vt. He preferred apples to bananas.    
I prefer to go by air.
Which do you prefer, rice or bread?
I would prefer she do it in another way.(虚拟语气)
B.习语 prefer doing A to (doing) B   宁愿做A，不愿做B
I prefer watching a football game to playing football.
=I would rather watch a football game than play football.
prefer to do A rather than (do) B 宁愿做A，不愿做B
Liu Hulan preferred to die rather than give in to the enemies.

22.put
A. vt. 放 He put the book where he found it.
B.习语
put…across清楚地表达
put an end/a stop to sth.结束；消灭
put…aside把放在一边；抛弃；积蓄
put…away把收起来；储存备用；
put…back把放回原处；拨回（钟表的指针等）
put…down放下；镇压；记下；削减
put…forth发表；提出
put…forward提出；建议；拨快（钟表的指针等）
put…in插话；伸进
put…off推迟；延期；脱（衣服等）
put…on穿上；增加（体重等）；上演
put…out放出；熄灭；出版；生产
put…right改正（错误）；整理；治愈
put sb. at ease使某人放心、安心、宽心
put through…完成；
put A through to B把A接通B（电话）
put…together合计；装配（机器等）；把……放在一起
put…up举起；挂起；搭起；上演；陈列；张贴
put up with…忍受
put…into practice把应用到实践中去
put sb. to bed打发睡觉
put sth. to/into use使得以应用
put…into English把翻译成英语
put in a word for sb.为某人进言
put sb. in charge使某人负责
put sth. in order使井井有条
put on airs摆架子
put sb. to death/test处死/考验

23.run
A. vi. (1)跑 They came running to meet us.
(2)行驶 The train was running at 80 miles an hour.
(3)流 All the rivers will run into the sea.
We mustn’t let the water run to waste.
His nose is running all day because he has a bad cold.
B. vt. 管理；经营 They have run six factories.
He runs the school well.
C. link v. 变得 The river began to run dry.
Our food supply is running low.
His blood ran cold at the news.  
Their money is running short.
The garden was running wild.
D.习语
run a fever发高烧
run after sb./ sth.追求
run away逃跑
run for…竞选
run into…邂逅；偶遇
run on滔滔不绝往下说
run out（某物）用完
run out of…用完（某物）
run short（某物）短缺
run short of…短缺（某物）
run up to…合计为；高达
run a risk冒险
run across…邂逅；偶遇
run ahead of…领先于
run away with…带……而逃走
run against…邂逅；偶遇；违反
run at…袭击；冲向
run over溢出；    run over….过目；浏览
run smooth进展顺利
run through…花光；用尽；略谈
run up迅速成长；（物价）上涨
run upon…邂逅；偶遇

24.see
A. vt. (1)看到；看见
I saw the accident with my own eyes.
I’ve never seen you look so well.
Just now I saw someone going upstairs.
When we got there, we saw a house being built.
Last night I saw a dog killed by a car.
I’m glad to see all of you happy.
I could see that they need my help.
     *The year 1949 saw the founding of the People’s Republic of China.
(2)看望；接见
I went to see a friend of mine last Sunday afternoon.
I’ll be seeing you this evening.
(3)了解；明白Now you see what I mean?
He asked to look and see if he missed anything.
B. 习语
see sb. home送某人回家
see about sth.负责处理……
I’ll see about the tickets for the concert.
see…for oneself自己看；体验一下
see into…了解；调查
see much/a lot/nothing/little of…常/很少/从不见到
see sb. off送行
see through…看穿；识破
see sb. through支持某人到底
see to sth.处理；料理 There was much to see to.   
He has to see to the luggage.
see to it that…注意做到；务必要
See to it that you do not fall when skating.
as far as I can see踞我所知
see sb. out送某人出门
see that因为，从……一点来看

25.send
A. vt.(1)寄（信），发（电报） They sent me some pictures.
I have a telegram to send to Bob.
(2)（派人）送 Let’s send the radio there to be repaired.
He sent his regards to you.
(3)派遣 He asked to be sent to work in Tibet.
(4)使…….变得 The bad news sent him mad/ out of mind.
The sight of the Red Army sent the enemy running in all directions.
B.习语
send for去请
send A for B派A 去请B
send…forth发出 The sun sends forth light and heat.
send…off送行
send…out发出（光、热、气味、烟雾等）
send…up发射
send sb. away解雇；逐出
send…over播出；播送

26.set
A. vi. 下落 It will be cooler when the sun has set.
B. vt.(1)放置；摆设 She set the dish on the table.  
Let’s set the clock by the radio signal.
(2)规定；确定 He set a strict rule for himself.
Have they set the time for the meeting?
(3)使某人做事或处在某种状态
With only a few words he set us laughing.
What he said set me thinking.
He set all the prisoners free.
That set all our doubts at rest.这消除了我们所有的怀疑。
C.习语
set about doing sth.= set out to do sth.开始做
set an example做出榜样
set…apart拨出；留出
A room has been set apart for the purpose.
set…aside拨出；积蓄；不理会
set…back往回拨；使倒退
set…down放下；写下；制定
set fire to sth.= set sth. on fire放火烧
set foot in…进入；踏上
set…forth列举；提出；动身；起程
set…in order整顿
set…loose释放；解开
set off动身
set…off燃放（鞭炮、烟花等）；引起
set one’s mind/ heart on…下定决心
set out动身；出发
set…out列举
He set out his reasons for what he had done.
set sail启航
set… to work使开始工作
He set to work at once writing the book.
He set everyone to work together.
set…up立起来；成立；修建
set…upside down颠倒过来

27.show
A. vt. (1)拿给人看 Show me your ticket, please!  
Can you show me a bigger one?
(2)说明；表明 Her eyes showed that she was lying.  
Show us how to use this machine.
That shows how ignorant we are.
(3)表现；显露 He showed courage in face of danger.
(4)放映；展出 A new film is being shown at this cinema.
(5)带领 Show them in, please.   
I’ll show you into my room.
B.习语
show off炫耀；表现自己
This guy likes showing off.
show…off炫耀
I don’t like the way he shows off his knowledge.
show one’s face 露面
show oneself出席；显露出来
His anger showed itself in his voice.
show up出现；出席
show…up暴露，揭露
This only served to show up their weakness.

28.speak
A. vi.说；发言 He spoke with me about his childhood.
He was too hurt to speak to us.
I’ve never spoken of these things to anyone before.
He spoke at the meeting yesterday.
Action speaks louder than words.
She spoke in broken English.
B. vt.说 She speaks good French.  
Trust me that I am speaking the truth.
C.习语
speak for…代表……说话；为……辩护
I can only speak for myself.
speak out大胆讲出来
speak out against…发言反对
He spoke out against what he thought was unjust.
speak up坦率说出自己的看法；说话大声些
speak highly/well/highly/ill/badly of…称赞/非议
generally/strictly/broadly/roughly/frankly speaking=to speak generally, etc.一般来说，严格地讲，广义地讲，严格地讲，老实地说
be spoken of as…被说成为
nothing to speak of…不值一说；没有说的价值
29.stand
A. vi. (1)站 Come and sit by my side if you love me.
(2)立于 The house stands between the two large trees.
There stood a strange man right behind me.
B. vt. (1)放Stand the ladder against the wall.
(2)忍受
If you can’t stand the heat, get out of the kitchen.
C.习语
stand against…反对
They all stood against the war.
stand at attention/ease立正/稍息
stand behind sb. 支持
stand by支持；袖手旁观；准备行动
We’ll stand by you through thick and thin.
You mustn’t stand by and do nothing about it.
stand for…代表，表示；主张
X often stands for an unknown number.
We stand for self-reliance（自力更生）.
stand on one’s own feet依靠自己
stand out突出；显著
Her talent stood out in comparison with the others.
stand aside站开；不参与；靠边站
stand back向后退
stand still站住；停顿
stand up站起；起立

30.take
A. vt. (1)拿 Taking a sheet of paper, she began to write.
(2)带（往某处） After that she took us to Rome.
(3)吃、喝、吸     
Take a little more bread. He took some medicine.
(4)乘坐      They took a taxi home.
(5)采取，接受，选择He took a doctor’s degree.   
After lots of thinking, she took the job.
(6)测量；照（像）；记录Let me take your blood pressure.
     We took a few pictures of the hill.
(7)对待；接受 You cannot take this too seriously.
(8)需要How long does it take to finish washing these dishes?
(9)攻下 They took the town by surprise.
B.习语
take a chance碰碰运气
take one’s seat坐下；就座
take a turn for the better好转
take a vote表决
take advantage of利用；占便宜
take aim at…瞄准
take…apart拆开；拆卸
take part in…参加
take A as B当成
take…back收回
take…away拿开
take…by surprise突然袭击
take care 当心
take care of…照顾；负责
take charge of…负责
take delight/ pleasure/ interest /pride in…喜欢、以……自豪
take…down记下来；记录
take effect生效
take A for B=take A to be B认为A是B
take…for granted视为当然，想必是
Some students take it for granted that English is easy to learn.
take hold of…抓住；握住
take…in订阅；欺骗；领会；接（活干）
take…into consideration把……纳入考虑范围内
take it easy别紧张；放开些；放松些
take note/notice of…注意；留心
take notes记录
take…off脱掉；起飞；打折扣
take office上任；就职
take on…雇佣；呈现
take one’s time从容从事；慢慢来
take…out取出；洗掉
take pains/trouble to do sth.不辞辛劳地做
take place发生；举行
take root生根
take shape成型
take the chair主持会议
take the place of…代替
take turns to do sth.= take turns in doing sth.轮流做
take…up拿起；从事；接受；占（时间、空间、注意力等）
take warning from…引以为戒；吸取教训
be taken ill/sick生病
take a short cut走捷径

31.talk
A. vi. 谈话；讲话
He is talking loudly in the front of the classroom.
B.习语
talk away不停地讲；通过谈话消除
talk back (to sb.)还嘴；顶嘴
talk big吹牛
talk sb. into doing sth.劝说干           
talk sb. out of doing sth. 劝说不干
talk out说完
talk …over讨论
talk to sb.与谈话；责备
talk of…谈到
talk about…谈论；讲
talk together商量；谈判

32.tell
A. vt. （1）告诉；讲 Tell me your name.
He told us what had happened to him.
I’ll tell you what to do next.     
Don’t tell me. Let me guess.
Do as you are told to.
(2)判断I really can’t tell the differences between them.
I can hardly tell Kate from her twain sister.
=I can hardly tell Kate and her twain sister apart.
B.习语
tell A and apart= tell A from B区分开A与B
to tell the truth说老实话
tell sb. about/ of sth.向某人讲起……
tell the world…公开讲；宣扬
tell a lie说谎         
tell a white lie说善意的谎言
tell it like it is实话实说
there is no telling…难以预料
There is no telling when he will return.
I’ll tell you what.让我告诉你真相/怎么去做。
Never tell me!别瞎扯了！
You are telling me!还要你告诉我（我早知道了）！

33.think
A. vi.想，思考Give me some time to think.    
He told us to try to think in English.
B. vt.认为；想
I never thought you could complete the work so soon.
I don’t think I can get away now.
Where do you think we can get this book?
She isn’t as slow as you think she is.
I think the book worth reading again.
This kind of computer is thought (to be) too hard to operate.
We all think her a good learner.
I thought it our duty to offer them some medical care.
I think it a great honor to speak here.
C.习语
think about…考虑
think of…想到；想起；为着想；打算
This picture made us think of the days in the army.
He couldn’t think of anything to say.
She is always thinking of others.
She is thinking of going downtown this afternoon.
What do you think of this movie?
think highly/ well/ a lot/ a great deal/ much/ poorly/ ill/ badly/ little/ nothing of对评价高/低
think of A as B认为A是B
think…out/up想出
think…over仔细考虑
think twice before…要三思后再……
just think…想想看（表示惊讶）
Just think of the price!
wouldn’t/couldn’t think of…绝不能考虑/想象（做这样的事） I couldn’t think of disturbing them at this our of night.
think hard沉思

34.turn
A. vi. 转弯，转身,转动 The planet turns round the sun.
I turned and saw a boy running away.
B. vt. (1)转向，转动 Please turn your eyes this way.
Nothing can turn us from our purpose.
(2)翻转；翻身
The doctor turned him over and looked at his back.
C. link v.变得 Her face turned pale at the news.  
His hair is turning grey.
The weather suddenly turned cold.
Later he turned doctor.
D.习语
turn a deaf ear to sth. 不听；不理睬
turn a blind eye to sth. 不看；不理睬
They turned a deaf ear to the people’s sufferings.
They turned a blind eye to our demands.
turn… aside避开；转变方向
turn…away转变方向；（转脸）不睬；打发走
turn back转过身来；赶回去     
turn…down拒绝；驳回；旋小
turn…in归还；缴还             
turn A into B把A变成B
turn…off解雇；关上            
turn…on开；攻击
turn out关上；解雇；证明是，结果是，实际情况是
The day turned out fine.   He turned out to be a traitor.
It turned out that he had never been there.
turn one’s back on…对不理睬
turn one’s head使头晕/昏
turn one’s stomach使作呕
turn…over移交；打翻；翻阅
I turned over the keys to Mr. Smith.
He turned over all the tables in anger.
He turned over one page or two and gave up.
turn to sb. for help/advice求助于
turn to…翻到
turn up露面, 出席
turn…up旋大；查（字典等）
He turned up the dictionary and found the explanation.
turn…upside down/ inside out颠倒， 翻过来

35.work
A. vi. （1）工作
He was forced to work from morning till night.
(2)（机器等）开动
Soon the machine worked a gain smoothly.
(3)(办法、计划等)行得通，进行（情况）
His method worked.   
It’s a good idea, but it won’t work.
The treatment works like magic.
B.习语
work at…干（某活动），研究等
She is busy working a new invention.
work away 不停地干
work on…从事 We’re working on some wood-cuts.
work…out制订；想出；计算
work…up准备，酝酿
work on…对起作用；激发 work with…对……行得通

36.come
A. vi.来She is coming in no time. Here comes the soup.
He came running all the way.
逐渐
　He has come to love the stories by William Shakespeare.
He has come to realize the importance of good English.
B. link v. His dream finally came true.
C.习语
come about发生
come across…偶遇；偶尔发现
come along一道来；一起去；进步；赶快
come at…袭击
come by… 获得
   How did you come by these pictures?
come away脱离；折断
come back回来；复员；恢复
come down倒下；跌落；传下来
come down with…患（病）
come (in) first/second得第一/二
come forth出来；涌现
come forward 前进；自告奋勇；涌现
come from… 出身于；来自
come in/ into sight出现；被看见
come into being/ existence发生；产生；出现
come into effect/ force开始生效；开始实施
come into power/ office上台；掌握政权
come into use 开始使用
come off脱落；发生
come on（风雨等）到来；演出；赶快
come out长出来；出版
come out against… 起来反对
come out with… 讲出；泄露（秘密等）
come to= come to oneslef苏醒过来
come to …总计；谈到
His earnings comes to $182,000 a year.
When it comes to football, everyone likes David Beckham.
come a conclusion得出结论；告一段落
come to a stop/ an end停止
come to nothing毫无结果；失败
come to the point说到要点；抓住关键
come up走近；长出；流行
come upon…碰见