---goodwill n. 友好
goodwill games / ～ visit
pay a goodwill visit to
offical visit 官方访问
state visit 国事访问

---cricket 板球
as merry as a cricket（蟋蟀）

---inclination 意愿 - incline
be inclined to do sth
willing
show inclination to do sth.
follow one's inclination 随心所欲

---contest 比赛,a group of judges ,比如：选美
competition : socially 社会竞争
game : physically,mentally
match : quite,important
tournament : 淘汰赛；巡回赛
race ： speed，赛车

---orgies of hatred
无边的仇恨

---orgy n. 恣意，放荡
revelry n. 狂欢 ～ in
spree : on a spree 狂欢

---competitive 竞争性的，中性词
aggressive 侵略性的
combative 贬义词

---pick up 随意挑选

---patriotism 爱国主义 － patriot 爱国者

---involve 卷入 － involve oneself in
be involved in

---prestige n. 声誉 - prestigious
fame ,renown(renowned 著名的),reputation,eminence

---disgrace vt. 丢脸 - grace , graceful , graceless
fame - defame
honor 尊敬 - dishonor 玷污
stigma 污点，瑕疵 - stigmatize

---savage 野性的
inhuman 野蛮的 , nonhuman (非人类的)
mercy 同情- merciless
ruth - ruthless
beastly 残忍的，野蛮的

---frankly 坦率的
candid 坦白的

---mimic 与 。。。极相似 ,只用作定语 ,mime
similar 可作定语和表语
alike 只作表语

---spectator 观众 － spectacle 壮丽的景色；眼镜
audience 听众 ，audial 听 ，aural 听觉的
visual 见
viewer 电视观众

---work... into ... 引起...感觉...
work oneself into ＋ 感情词 ， 把某人弄到。。。,比如：生气，使人激动起来

---fury n. 狂怒 furious 强于anger,annoyance,aggravation,rage(suddenly&quickly)

---absurb 荒唐的 illogical , irrational,ridiculous
---at any rat 无论... ,至少... ＝ at least
---do one's utmost to 竭尽全力去..
---village of green n.绿茵场
---pick up sides 为双方加油(不是挑边)

【课文】The Sporting Spirit By George Orwell

I am always amazed when I hear people saying that sport creates goodwill
between the nations, and that if only the common peoples of the world could
meet one another at football or cricket, they would have no inclination to
meet on the battlefield.
注：
amaze － surprised,astound,astonished ,前两个词都可以用作表语和主谓宾结构，
后两个词只有表语结构
hear（see，watch，notice） sb. to do/doing 与感官相关的动词
create － promote
common people 平民大众
one another 彼此，相互
if only 只要，表虚拟

Even if one didn't know from concrete examples( the 1936 Olympic Games, for instance)
that international sporting contests lead to orgies of hatred, one could deduce it
from general principles.
注：orgies of hatred 无边的仇恨
deduce ： 推导

Nearly all the sports practiced nowadays are competitive. You play to win,and the game has little meaning unless you do your utmost to win. On the village of green 绿地, where you pick up sides and no feeling of local patriotism is involved, it is possible to play simply for the fun and exercise: but as soon as the question of prestige arises, as soon as you feel that you and some larger unit will be disgraced if you lose, the most savage combative instincts are aroused被激发起来. Anyone who has played even in a school football match knows this. At the international level sports is frankly mimic warfare.

But the significant thing is not the behavior of the players but the attitude of the spectators: and, behind the spectators, of the nations who work themselves into furies over these absurd contests, and seriously believe - at any rate for short periods - that running, jumping and kicking a ball are tests of national virtue.

【课文讲解】

I am always amazed when I hear people saying that sport creates goodwill
between the nations, and that if only the common peoples of the world could
meet one another at football or cricket, they would have no inclination to
meet on the battlefield.

notes:
a. I am always amazed when I hear people saying that..., and that....用于
引出作者所要批驳的观点。可以记住。
b. if only ..peoples .. could meet ..at football...they would have no
inclination to .. battlefield...
虚拟语气
If only I had more money, I could buy some new clothes.
If only it stops raining, we can go for a picnic.
c. 首句引出反面观点。并具体化对方观点。
------------------------------------
Even if one didn't know from concrete examples( the 1936 Olympic Games,
for instance) that international sporting contests lead to orgies of
hatred, one could deduce it from general principles.

notes:
a. Even if one didn't know from concrete examples (..., for instance)
that ..., one could deduce it from general principles.
可套用的句型，that后面是作者的观点。
如果从实例中还不能看清，至少能从常理推出。
b. orgies of hatred 见上词汇分析，仇恨的蔓延，仇恨的泛滥
c, 此句后作者显然要开始deduce the conclusion from general principles。
第二段显然就是deduction。
-----------------------------------
On the village of green, where you pick up sides and no feeling of local
patriotism is involved, it is possible to play simply for the fun and
exercise: but as soon as the question of prestige arises, as soon as you
feel that you and some larger unit will be disgraced if you lose, the most
savage combative instincts are aroused.

notes:
a. ..., it is possible to ..: but as soon as the question
of .. arises, as soon as ..., ...
在什么情况下，..是可能的，但是一旦出现..的问题，一旦...., 就....了
-------------------------------------
...the nations who work themselves into furies over these absurd contests,
and seriously believe - at any rate for short periods - that running,
jumping and kicking a ball are tests of national virtue.

notes:
a. work .. into ..
使..., ..
使他们自己因为这些可笑的比赛而狂怒
也就是，这些国家因为这些可笑的比赛而愤怒
Furies是神话中的复仇三女神，作者用词有讲究
b. at any rate 相当于anyway，中文中相当于“不论如何”和“至少”。
c. absurd、 short，表明了作者的批判态度
d. running, jumping and kicking a ball are tests of national virtue.
有趣的嘲讽