Unit Five The British Isles
1. take a picture/photo of sb.
2. as much as you can = as much as possible
? as --- as you can = as --- as possible
as long as as high as as wide as
He can jump as high as 1.8 meters.
Be as kind to her as possible
Some students are spending as much as 200 yuan a month on their cell phones.
3. on Sunday/on New Year’s Eve/on her birthday/on May/on New year’s Day/on the 2nd of July ; on the morning of March 3/ on the evening of June 6.
4. The lawyer will be back after next Tuesday.
He came back after five days.
The lawyer will be back in a few days.
5. agreement:
reach/arrive at/come to an agreement
sign an agreement/tear up the agreement/break an agreement
in agreement with We are in agreement with their decision.
6. consist of be made up of make up
Our dinner consisted of three courses only.
This made up 12% of their total income.
8. I don’t think/believe/guess/imagine/suppose/expect that’s right
I don’t think/believe/guess/imagine/suppose/expect so.
9. advantage & disadvantage
have/gain/win an advantage over sb.
take advantage of --- to one’s advantage = in one’s favor
It is to your advantage to invest wisely.
10. stand for
USA stands for the United States of America.
11. Positive Clause: fact/news/idea/hope/order/thought
I had no idea that you are here.
The order comes that our troop should start once.
The fact that farmers are also paid by the EU for not growing crops surprises many people.
12. make the most of --- make full/good/use of ---
One should always make the most of one’s opportunity.
13. hold together （使）连在一起、团结在一起
We always hold together in times of crisis.
hold up (raise; lift) (挡住)
Hold your hand up if you wish the chairman to recognize you.
A man held me up and took my money.
hold out 坚持
We were short of water but could hold out for another day.
hold on stick to
I made my choice and I will hold on to the end.
hold back 阻止 hold on one’s hand 伸出手
hold one’s head high 昂首，趾高气扬
catch/get hold of 抓住 hold one’s breath 屏息
hold the line 别挂断电话
14. lie off the coast 15. part of & a part of
16. surround: be surrounded by ---
The police surrounded the house.
Britain is surrounded by sea.
They surrounded the temple with a high wall.
surrounding He lives somewhere in the surrounding area.
surroundings The surroundings are pleasant.
17. throughout/all over/ all through
By the end of February schools are opened throughout the country.
It rained throughout the night. He got wet all over.
18. run over The car ran him over, but he is not seriously hurt.
The speaker ran over his notes before the lecture.
The cup was full and the water in it was running over.
run out (of) run short (of)
We are running out of milk and bread.
19. consider ~ doing sth. ~ what to do
~ sb. to be/as --- regard sb. as --- treat sb. as ---
take sb. as --- think of sb. as --- look on sb. as ---
20. be of great value
Sports and games can be of great value, especially to people who work with their brains most of the day. The two balls are of a size.
This question so of great interest to the students.
I’m very glad to have been of any help to you.
China is of the Third World. These recorders are of good quality.
21. value:
His ideas have little value. I value the house at $ 9500.
I value you proposal very much.
22. on the basis of --- the basis of his argument.
23. have a bad effect/influence on ---
24. generally speaking/judging from\\by/talking of /considering --- seeing that/given --- 都不考虑各逻辑主语的关系。
Given their inexperience (that they inexperienced), they have done a good job.
25. stop/prevent/keep --- from doing ---
26. die of/from ---
27. own: I saw it with my own eyes.
This house is my own. He has owned the house for 40 years.
He got the job on his own. They have no children of our own.
28. production: production line produce
The factory was built for the production of cars.
a fall/an increase in production
America produced more cars this year than last year.
Can you produce any proof of your nationality?
29. raise: raise money raise our children
raise chickens and corn. raise one’s hand
May I raise a question?
30. research do research on sth/carry out researches into sth.
31. as far as as/so long as
He walked as far as the village where lived.
As far as I know he is from America.
You can play as long as you finish you homework first.
32. also/too/either/as well/as well as
33. There were the ruins of an ancient building.
Our plan is in ruins. fall into runs
34. height high highly
It has a height of 3,000 meters. It is 3,000 meters in height.
It is 3,000 meters high. He can jump very high.
The teacher speaks highly of the student.
35. doubt: no doubt/no wonder beyond/without doubt
I doubt whether it is reasonable.
There is a doubt whether it is reasonable.
There is no doubt at all about it.
36. large amounts of/large quantities of --- 后无论跟什么样的名词，做主语时谓语动词都得用复数。
Large quantities of water are left.
37. only a few/only a little
38. a great many of the /those/your friends
but: a great many students.
39. business:
do business with you
He is the manager of 3 different businesses.
My personal life is none of your business.
This is not my business. get down to business on business
40. spread:
spread out a map spread (out) one’s arms
spread knowledge Flies spread disease
The forest spread from here to the river.
41. approach:
As winter approached the weather became colder.
approach the problem correctly
He was warned of the approach of the enemy.
When learning a foreign language, the best approach is the study of the spoken English.
All approaches to the town were blocked.

Unit Six Life in the future
1. communication satellite
be in/get in communication with --- get/be in touch with ---
contact with ---
2. happen/occur/take place/break out
I happened to meet a friend of mine in the street.
It happened that I didn’t take any money with me that day.
It occurred to me that I had left my key at home.
An idea suddenly occurred to me.
When did the car accident occur/happen?
3. double: a double room a double meaning
The price of houses has doubled over the past few years.
His income is double hers We need double /twice the amount.
4. original: an original idea an original thinker
This is not the original picture, but just a copy of it.
5. in danger/out of danger
6. confuse: puzzle confusing/puzzling confused/puzzled
confuse A with/and B confusion
7. In general/generally
Woman in general like to shop for new clothes.
8. major/main/leading majority minority
a major/main road a major operation major in history
A majority of 230 are for the plan.
9. trend: the trend of prices is still upwards
a growing trend towards smaller families
furniture of contemporary style
9. indicate:
With a nod of his head he indicated to me where I should sit.
A sign indicates the right road to follow.
A red sky at night indicates fine whether the following day.
They indicated that hey were tired.
10. urban/rural suburb suburban
urban areas the urban population
rural areas the rural population
10. ensure/insure (同义)
The book ensured his success.
These pills should ensure you a good night’s sleep.
11. instead/instead of:
Last summer I went to France. This year I’m going to Italy instead.
Why did they choose him instead of me?
12. remain: remaining remains
If you take away 3 from 8, 5 remains.
Only the woman and the two children remained there.
She begged him to remain at home.
Much remains to be seen.
Tom has been married while John still remains single.
The land reform question remains unsolved.
Leave the remaining points for our next meeting.
the remains of the ancient Rome.
13. regularly: regular a regular soldier/army regularity
He comes here fairly regularly.
He lives a regular life.
14. certain/sure:
He was not too sure about the grammar and some of the idioms.
I’m certain/sure of that.
It is certain that he has left for Shanghai.
15. come true/be realized
You will see what I am saying now will come true/be realized.
16. in the same times at the same time
in ancient times/in prehistoric times/in recent times.
in times of danger/hardship/prosperity etc.
17. ask/accept/follow/give/offer/seek advice
We advise their starting early. We advise them to start early.
We advise that they should start early.
18. require : ~ doing sth. ~ sb. to do sth.
~ that sb. (should) do sth.
19. in store: 储存备用
There is a surprise in store for you when you get home.
20. in space
21. be concerned about ~ sb. 使某人担心
As (So) far as sb. + be + concerned 就某人来说所关心的
It is impossible as far as we are concerned.
22. bring back: 归还， 带回来、 使回想起、 使恢复
The sight of you brings back many of my memories.
23. old-fashioned dressed in the latest fashion
fashion magazines come in to /be in fashion
go/be out of fashion
23. imitate: imitation in imitation of
He can imitate everything he sees.
You should imitate those good and great men.
24. transform:
He transformed the old kitchen into a beautiful sitting-room.
25. clean up: Clean up your room.
26. come up with: He came up with a new suggestion.

Unit 7 Living With Disease
1. deadly: A deadly silence filled the class.
I’m deadly/awfully/badly sleepy.
2. attitude: take/adopt/keep a(n) --- attitude towards/to ---
The writer’s attitude towards life is strange.
3. imaginary: The story is not true, but imaginary.
an imaginative writer imagine imagination
4. infect: Anyone with a bad cold may infect the people around him.
The wound was infected with germs.
infection infectious
5. transmit:
The programme will be transmitted at 8 o’clock.
Rats transmit disease. transmission
6. via: The news reached me via my aunt.
7. donate donation donate --- to sb.
She made a donation of $ 1,000 to the Children’s Hospital.
8. prevention Prevention of forest fires is up to you.
9. detective: a personal detective detective stories
detect detection
10. persuade: ~ sb. to do sth. ~ sb. into doing sth.
11. dying die death dead
He has died. His death made us sad. He is dead.
He is dying.
12. break down: 坏了；失败；中断了。
His bike broke down on his way to school.
The peace talks have broken down.
I can’t have you breaking down in health.
He broke down in the middle o his speech.
13. immune: ~ to/from/against --- 免疫；免于，免受 ---
This medicine will make you immune to/from/against cold.
14. leave sb./sth. + adj/p.p./n. leave for --- leave --- for ---
leave the food untouched leave the book open on the desk
AIDS leaves the patient defenseless. leave sb. an orphan.
15. manage: manage to do sth. management
I can manage it myself.
16. total: total earning/income total population total score
total cost a total of --- in total total up to
The bill totals up to $100.
17. lack: lack for ~ sth. be lacking in ---
I lack the courage to do it.
She doesn’t lack for money.
She is lacking in wisdom (courage, humor, common sense).
18. It’s proper/suitable for sb. to do sth.
19. mean meaning meaningful
20. What a pity (that) you can’t go with us.
feel/have pity for sb. 同情某人
take/have pity on sb. 怜悯、宽恕某人。
21. diagnose: ~ one’s illness as --- diagnosis.
The doctor diagnosed my illness as a rare skin disease.
21. on the contrary
22. free from: 没有，不受 --- 的损害 free of：远离，摆脱
He wants to live a life entirely free from troubles.
If your wages are very small, they’ll be free of income tax.

Unit 8 First Aid
1. give/do/offer first aid to sb. do/offer/give sb. first aid
2. drown sb. sb. drowns drowning
He pulled drowning man from the water an gave him first aid.
3. upside down: That picture is hanging upside down.
4. stay calm:
The sea is calm. The weather stayed hot this week.
He stays single.
6. in panic
7. conscious : be conscious of (one’s shortcomings)
8. I’m afraid I am slightly drunk.
a sight girl
9. circulation: He has a bad circulation.
the circulation of news, information, rumors
10. pulse: take/feel sb.’s pulse
11. The woman had fainted from the heat, but she soon revived.
Hot coffee can revive a tired man.
12. to make things/matters worse ---
He may be late. To make matters worse, he may not come at all.
13. roll over: Every time he rolled over, he pulled over more of the bedclothes to his side.
14. weave: weave thread into cloth weave a web.
He wove his way to the mountain village.
15. worn out tired out
16. in honor of in celebration of
17. eventually: ~ we all must die.
18. tap sb. on the shoulder
19. call for: I’ll call for you at nine. Success calls for hard work.
20. This belt is rather loose.

Unit Nine Saving the Earth
1. face:
What are the problems facing the workers at the present time?
We are now faced with the threat of war.
We must face our trouble and bear it.
Our house faces the park.
2. attend: ~ class/school/Beijing University/a meeting/one’s wedding/a funeral service.
Martin the doctor attended the sick man.
Two nurses attended day and night on the prince.
She offered to go out and attend to these matters.
3. take notes = make notes take notes of 作笔记
take note of: 注意
Take careful note of what I say and please don’t forget it.
3. expect:
I’ll expect you for dinner at six o’clock sharp.
I hardly expected to find you still here.
His parents expected him to be a lawyer, but he turned doctor later.
I didn’t expect you back so soon.
I had not expected that things would turn out like this.
I expect so.
You’re expecting too much of him.
4. That is the big issue they are facing in Iraq.
The article appeared in the fifth issue of English Weekly.
The post office issued the stamps last week.
5. summarize: He summarized the arguments.
He give me a quick summary of the events leading to quarrel.
6. make sure: make sure of --- 弄肯定；设法做到
Please make sure that the gas is turned off before you leave.
He looked behind him to make sure he was not being followed.
Arrive early at the lecture hall to make sure of a seat!
7. It would be better if ---
It would be better if you can help us.
8. content: Show me the content of your suitcase.
be content with (the content of the speech) be satisfied with ---
8. access: This is the only access to that building.
have access to --- We had access to his private files.
The captain is always accessible to his men.
9. stress:
lay/put/place stress on sth.
My parents lay stress on honesty.
She has been under a lot of stress recently.
In times of stress, we hope to get help form our friends.
The speaker stressed the need for better education in his report.
10. violence: violent violently
War is an act of violence.
The violence of the hurricane caused damage.
The boy had a violent pain in his stomach after eating too much fruit.
a violent quarrel a violent attack
His heart was beating violently.
11. equality: equal equally
The equality of right before law
Women demand equal pay for equal work.
All men are born equal.
be equal to --- An hour is equal to sixty minutes.
She treated her three children equally.
11. responsibility responsible
He has no sense of responsibility.
a responsible teacher
be responsible for sth. /sb.
12. take action/take measures
13. willingness: They did not show much willingness to help.
show willingness to please others.
willing be willing to do sth. willingly
If you do not come willingly, I shall have to use force.
13. harmony:
The harmony of sea and sky makes a beautiful picture.
in harmony (with) ---
Bob and I have worked together in harmony for years.
His takes are in harmony with mine.
14. put/bring/make an end to ---
15. suffering: He died without much suffering.
I hope that this might end my suffering.
Their sufferings after the war were terrible.
He looked very pale, and seemed to have suffered a great deal.
suffer a great loss/great losses.
He suffered a great deal from cold and hunger.
16. It’s unfair to treat him like that.
17. wipe: ~ the table ~ one’s hand on a towel
~ one’s eyes ~ off a debt ~ out ~ out poverty
17. If you are to develop(如果想要 --- ) the world successfully, you must make sure that everyone is able to take part in the new world we create.
If we are to be there in time, we’ll have to hurry up.
18. Rich countries have a responsibility towards poorer countries and must do whatever they can to help others.
19. Only by changing how we live can we save the earth.
20. Had I known that air conditioners cause so much pollution, I would never have bought one.
21. There is a good chance that we will see less violence and fewer wars.
22. worldwide: a worldwide influence nationwide
Football is played worldwide.
23. die out die down die away
This kind of bird is dying out.
The fighting between the two died down.
The sound of the car died away in the distance.
23. alternative:
alternative ways the alternative of going or staying.
You have no alternative but to surrender.
24. be harmful to ---
25. make a difference --- 区分；对--- 不同对待。
Your support will certainly make a difference in our work.
make some/no/little difference
26. at an alarming speed
at a speed of 30km/h at the speed of light at full/to speed
27. It was these people’s willingness to work hard and well that impressed me most.
28. be determined to do sth. determination decide decision
He was determined to win the game.
I determined to travel no further that night.
a person of determination a determined man
29. defend: We shall defend our island, whatever the cost may be.
defend sb./sth. against/from --- defense defense works
The lawyer is defending Mr. White.
We must strengthen our defenses on western border.
30. affect/effect:
This affected his attitude. This has no effect on him.
be affected by heat 中暑 be affected with high fever 发高烧
31. advise/suggest/recommend that sb. + ( should) do sth.
advise/suggest/recommend (sb./sb.’s) doing sth.
but: advise/recommend sb. to do sth. suggest sb./sb.’s doing sth.

Unit Ten Frightening Nature
1. frighten: frightening frightened frighten away
brighten sb. into doing sth. ~ sb. to death
starve sb. to death sentence sb. to death beat sb. to death
burn sb. to death shoot sb. to death
The explosion frightened me.
When I saw her in the river I was frightened.
a frightening experience.
2. threat: under the ~ of --- threatening threaten
Threats don’t scare me.
The black clouds are a threat of rain.
She threatened to kill herself.
a threatening letter
3. uneasy: The driver was uneasy about the icy roads.
She felt uneasy with her new in-laws.
4. terrify terrifying terrified be terrified of ---
5. danger: be a danger to sb. in danger out of danger
6. failure ? a failure pleasure ? a pleasure
success ? a success surprise ? a surprise
honor ? an honor rain ? a rain sand ? sands
water ? waters fire ? a forest fire iron ? an iron
coffee ? three coffees paper ? papers
7. way: in this way in that way in many ways
in no way on one’s own way in a way in some way
by way of ? via by the way
8. hit : hit sb. on the head The stone hit the window.
A bright idea hit/struck me then.
9. get into a total panic get into trouble get into a temper
get into the habit of --- get sb. into ---
in a panic in terror in surprise in anger
in curiosity in great happiness in silence in peace
in a hurry in high/low spirits
10. could have done
11. order sth. done
12. beg: ~ sth. ~ to do sth. ~ sb. to do sth.
13. call for : ~ courage I’ll call for you at six this evening.
14. flee: The enemy fled in disorder.
He fled kidnappers and phoned the police.
15. the more --- , the more ---
16. urge: ~ sb. to do sth. ~ that sb. (should) do sth.
17. upon/on arrival, --- on seeing/hearing --- ,
18. It seems that/as if ---
19. light: light up/lit up lit/lighted sth. but: a lighted candle
20. more --- than ---
He is more brave than wise.
The book is more like a dictionary than a book.
21. pick up/pick out/pick
22. be related to ? be connected with ? have sth. to do with ---
23. cause / do damage to ---
24. spring to /into life ? come to life suddenly
spring to one’s feet spring forth spring up
25. clear up: clear away/off
The weather is clearing up; we can go out.
Your desk is covered with papers; clear them up before you leave the office.
There are many difficulties to be cleared away/off in our way.
The clouds cleared away and the stars shone very brightly.
26. leave out/cross out:
In copying this paper, be careful not leave out any words.
27. the very eye of the wind
28. hold one’s breath
29. full-powered near-sighted warm-hearted
cold-blooded absent-minded open-hearted
broad-minded middle-aged ill-minded
30. all of a sudden ? all at once ? suddenly ? on a sudden
31. in a whisper ? in a low voice ? in a loud voice
32. appropriate : She wore appropriate clothes for the journey.
Write in a style appropriate to the occasion.
33. fascinate ? fascinating ? fascinated
The magician fascinated the children.
Little Jim was fascinated by the question I asked.
Alice is a fascinating girl. fascination
34. live through: ? get through ? go through
They got through the meal without speaking.
John has got through the examination.
The operator finally got me through to Mr. Lee.
I’ll be with you as soon as I get through this work.
35. hold out/hold on/hold back
36. draw near: The great day drew near. Night drew near.
37. So don’t lost heart, whatever you do.
Wherever you go, whatever you do, I’ll be right here waiting for you.