狗刨：Dog paddle；仰泳：backstroke;蝶泳：butterfly;自由泳：freestyle

一. 游泳的基本词汇 把脸埋入水中（词组）: put face in water 吐气泡（词组）: blow bubbles 漂浮（动词）: float 游泳（动词）: swim, bathe 趟水（动词）：wade 池中嬉戏: play in pool 跳水（动词）：dive 跳入泳池：jump in pool 技巧: technique 二. 游泳的竞技比赛用词 strokes （stroke的复数）用作表示 methods of swimming 游泳方法，包括： 1.蝶泳：Butterfly 或简称 fly 海豚式踢腿动作被称为 dolphin kick （kick=踢） 2.仰泳：Backstroke, racing backstroke, 或 back crawl 踢腿动作被称为 浅打水：flutter kick 3.蛙泳：Breaststroke 蛙式踢腿动作 frog kick, modified frog kick or whip kick 4.自由泳：Freestyle, front crawl 或 forward crawl 二十世纪初有两种提高速度的发展 Australian Crawl （澳大利亚式）与 American crawl （美国式） 5.个人混合泳：Individual Medley (IM) 指一个人连续游上述四种样式，每种姿势距离为100，200 或400米 6.四人接力：relay 每个人的赛程叫 leg，最后一位选手被称为anchor 三. 其他：知识& 花絮 侧泳：Sidestroke 剪刀式踢腿 scissors kick 狗爬式游泳： Dog Paddle 爬泳：Trudgen Crawl “溺死的蛾子” = 通常形容人们第一次尝试蝶泳的样子：Drowning moth 踏水：Treading water 不是一种姿势。它是一套使游泳者在水中身体保持竖直的腿部动作。 水球运动员常依靠它。水球：Water polo 运动员们：players 同游表演：Synchronized swimming 被称为 = 花样游泳：water ballet 成对表演（2-8人） 游泳道的分界线：lane lines 有时是人的“救生索” lifelines 通常不许人靠在上面的原因有四： 1）他们不结实，会断 2）救生员会认为你有危险 救生员：lifeguard 3）真正有困难的人更不容易及时扶到了 4）把它压下去，它失去了边界警示的功能 四.大家平时都接触的（实用的:） 女游泳衣: swimsuit 男式游泳短裤: swimming trunks (永远用复数形式，因为泳裤两条腿) 游泳帽：swimcap 游泳镜: swimming google 防雾: anti-fog 防紫外线镜片: UV Protection Lens 游泳装备: swim gear 踢水板: kickboard 双手扶上面，腿来踢水 漂浮物: floats 绑胳膊上的 耳/鼻夹子：ear/nose clip 脚蹼：swim fins 秒表：stopwatch （小孩子带到水中的）泳池玩具: pool toy 穿上泳衣 （女孩）：put on swimsuit （男孩）：put on swimming trunks 梳子: hairbrush 淋浴(名词): shower 香波（名词）: shampoo 洗头（动词）: shampoo 坐在池边: sit on edge 从池中出来: get out of pool 池边地滑: slippery by pool 擦干身体: dry off 穿上衣服: get dressed 游泳池: swimming pool 波浪池: wave pool 儿童池(浅水池): wading pool 水上滑梯：water slide 泳道: lane 把泳道分开的漂浮线：lane lines 环绕游泳：Circle Swim 是 游泳礼节：lane etiquette 两人以上在同一泳道，始终贴近身体右边的泳道线，并间隔五秒的距离 不在池中方便: don't pee in pool 救生衣: life jacket 救生圈：ring buoy 救生员: lifeguard 游泳教练: swimming instructor，coach

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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Medley is a combination of four different swimming styles into one race. This race is either swum by one swimmer as Individual Medley (IM) or by four swimmers as a Medley Relay.

Contents [hide] 1 Individual Medley 1.1 Stroke Order 1.2 Competitions 1.3 Technique 2 Medley Relay 2.1 Stroke Order 2.2 Competitions 2.3 Technique 3 Rules 4 See also 5 External link

[edit] Individual Medley

Individual medley consists of a single swimmer swimming equal distances of four different strokes within one race.

[edit] Stroke Order

Individual Medley consists of four strokes. Usually each stroke has an equal part of the overall distance, i.e. 1/4th of the overall distance is swum in one stroke. The strokes are swum in this order:

• Butterfly
• Backstroke
• Breaststroke
• Freestyle, with the limitation that freestyle means any style other than backstroke, breaststroke or butterfly. Most swimmers use front crawl.

[edit] Competitions

There are a number of competitions swum regularly in individual medley, by both men and women. The competitions are limited in that every distance must consist of at least 4 lengths (100 yd. or m.) or a multiple of 4 lengths (200 or 400 yd. or m.), so that no stroke must change mid-length. Regardless of the length of the individual medley, each stroke comprises1/4th of the overall distance.

• 100 m individual Medley: Swum on the short 25 m lane only. This is not an Olympic competition.
• 200 m individual Medley: Swum on both the short 25 m lane and the long 50 m lane. This was an Olympic competition once in the 1968 Summer Olympics, Mexico City, Mexico. After that, the event was not swum on Olympic games until the 1984 Summer Olympics, Los Angeles, United States. The event has been swum ever since.
• 400 m individual Medley: Swum on both the short 25 m lane and the long 50 m lane. This has been an Olympic competition since the 1964 Summer Olympics, Tokyo, Japan

[edit] Technique

The technique for individual medley events does not differ much from the technique for the separate events for the four strokes. The only main difference is the technique needed at the change from one stroke to the next stroke. Each section has to be completed as described by the rules of this section.

The butterfly section has to be ended with both hands touching the wall at the same time, but has to leave the wall on the back for backstroke. Most swimmers do this by pulling the knees underneath of their body after touching the wall with both hands, and then rolling backwards on their back. During the roll the arms are not stretched, but rather hold close to the body with the hands a few centimeters in front of the chest. This reduces the rotational moment and allows for a faster turn. At the end of the backwards roll the swimmer sinks under water and extends the arms forward. The swimmer then pushes off the wall with both legs and starts the regular underwater phase of backstroke, usually a dolphin kick for 15 m before surfacing and resuming normal backstroke.

The backstroke section has to be ended with touching the wall while lying on the back. For the subsequent breaststroke the swimmer has to leave the wall on the breast. Most swimmers prefer to do a backwards roll by pulling the knees close to the body and pushing with the hand upwards against the wall to achieve rotational movement. After a 180 degree turn, the swimmer is under water on his breast and extends the hands forward before pushing off the wall with both legs. The swimmer continues with the regular breaststroke, consisting of a sliding phase, an underwater pull-down, and another sliding phase before surfacing and resuming the normal breaststroke. A newer, but not required tecnique for the backstroke to breastroke turn is a backflip. The swimmer touches on his or her backside with one hand. After touching the wall, the swimmer tucks their knees up to their stomach and flips around so that their feet are touching the wall pointing down and they can push off of the wall on their stomach.

The breaststroke section has to be ended with both hands touching the wall at the same time while on the breast. A normal breaststroke turn is usually used to turn and push off the wall. After leaving the wall the freestyle underwater phase is initiated, followed by regular freestyle on the surface after 15 m or less. For medley events, freestyle means any style other than backstroke, breaststroke or butterfly.

[edit] Medley Relay

Medley relay consists of four different swimmers in one relay competition, each swimming one stroke.

[edit] Stroke Order

Medley relay is swum by four different swimmers, each swimmer swimming one of the four strokes. Backstroke is the first event as backstroke is started from the water. If backstroke would not be the first event, the starting backstroke swimmer and the finishing previous swimmer could block each other. The remaining strokes are sorted according to the speed, with breaststroke being the slowest and freestyle being the fastest stroke. The order of the strokes is as follows:

• Backstroke
• Breaststroke
• Butterfly
• Freestyle, with the limitation that freestyle means any style other than backstroke, breaststroke or butterfly.

[edit] Competitions

There are a number of competitions swum regularly in medley relay, both by men and women.

• 4*50 Medley Relay: Swum on the short 25 m lane only. This is not an Olympic competition
• 4*100 Medley Relay: Swum on both the short 25 m lane and the long 50 m lane. This was the first Olympic medley competition and is swum since the 1960 Summer Olympics, Rome, Italy. The first Olympic butterfly event itself was first swum in the previous 1956 Summer Olympics.

[edit] Technique

The technique for medley relay events does not differ much from the technique for the separate events for the four strokes. The first swimmer swims the 50 or 100 m backstroke normally. The only difference for the following swimmers is that there is no start signal, but rather the previous swimmer completing its turn by touching the wall signals the start for the subsequent swimmer.

[edit] Rules

These are the official rules of the FINA regarding Medley swimming:

• In individual medley events, the swimmer covers the four swimming styles in the following order: Butterfly, Backstroke, Breaststroke and Freestyle.
• In medley relay events, swimmers will cover the four swimming styles in the following order: Backstroke, Breaststroke, Butterfly and Freestyle.
• Each section must be finished in accordance with the rule which applies to the style concerned.

Freestyle includes a special regulation for medley events:

• Freestyle means that in an event so designated the swimmer may swim any style, except that in individual medley or medley relay events, freestyle means any style other than backstroke, breaststroke or butterfly.

Additionally, the normal rules of relay events apply:

• In relay events, the team of a swimmer whose feet lose touch with the starting platform before the preceding team-mate touches the wall shall be disqualified, unless the swimmer in default returns to the original starting point at the wall, but it shall not be necessary to return to the starting platform.
• Any relay team shall be disqualified from a race if a team member, other than the swimmer designated to swim that length, enters the water when the race is being conducted, before all swimmers of all teams have finished the race.
• The members of a relay team and their order of competing must be nominated before the race. Any relay team member may compete in a race only once. The composition of a relay team may be changed between the heats and finals of an event, provided that it is made up from the list of swimmers properly entered by a Member for that event. Failure to swim in the order listed will result in disqualification. Substitutions may be made only in the case of a documented medical emergency.
• Any swimmer having finished his race, or his distance in a relay event, must leave the pool as soon as possible without obstructing any other swimmer who has not yet finished his race. Otherwise the swimmer committing the fault, or his relay team, shall be disqualified.
• There shall be four swimmers on each relay team.

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