A

a hedge against inflation n. 防止通货膨胀的措施

a prudent monetary policy n. 稳健的货币政策

absolute advantage n. 绝对优势

accounting n. 会计学；帐目清算；财会

[glossary] [扩展]

accountant n.会计（师）

accounting fraud n. 做假帐

accounting scandal n. 财务丑闻

bookkeeping n. 记帐

financial statement n. 财务报表

keep the public informed of the financial affairs 财务公开

acquire v. 购置、获取，购买，取得所有权

acquisition of assets n. 购置资产

active balance (passive balance/ unfavorable balance) n. 顺差 (逆差)

advanced technology n. 先进技术

aggregate demand n. 总需求

aggregate supply n. 总供给

allocation of financial resources n. 金融资源配置

ample supply n. 供应充裕

an average annual increase n. 年均增长

annual return n. 年利润

anti-dumping measures n. 反倾销措施

areas for the market access n. 市场准入领域

asset n. 资产

associate company (subsidiary / affiliate) n.联营公司 （子公司、附属公司）

autarky n.自给自足; 经济独立（政策、地区、国家）

authorization bill n. 授权书

B

bad loans n. 不良贷款

banking n. 银行业

[glossary] [扩展]

investment bank n. 投资银行

Goldman Sachs 高盛

Citibank 花旗银行

HSBC (Hong Kong and Shanghai Banking Corporation) 汇丰银行

Bank of America 美洲银行

Deutsche Bank 德意志银行

bankruptcy protection n. 破产保护

block release n. 脱产进修

boom n./v.（经济）突然膨胀

bottom line n. 帐本底线, 底线

brand loyalty n. 对某个牌子的忠诚度

brand names n. 品牌

Bretton Woods system 布雷顿森林体系(一国际金融体系)

budget n. /v. 预算

budget deficit n.预算赤字

budget surplus n. 预算盈余

budgetary items n. 预算项目

business cycle n. 商业周期

business fraud n. 商业欺诈

business mechanism n. 创业机制

business prototype n.商业原型、商业模型

C

capital n. 资本, 资金, 资产

capital flow n. 资本流动

car loans n. 汽车贷款

cash bonuses n. 现金奖励

cash flow n. 现金流量

cashier's cheque n. 本票

central business district (CBD) n. 中央商务区

certificated public accountant (CPA) n. 注册会计师

certified business executive n. 高级商务师

checks and balances n. 相互制约和平衡

collect call n. 对方付费电话

commerce clause n. 商业条款

commercialization n. 商品化

commodity n. 商品

common law n. 习惯法

company n. 公司

[glossary] [扩展]

concern 公司，商行， 康采恩（垄断组织）

corporate （股份有限）公司， 企业

conglomerate 集团企业，跨行业大企业

firm 公司，尤指合股、合伙公司

enterprise 企业，公司，事业

business 工商企业，商务业务

establishment 公司, 企业，商业机构

house 商业机构; 出版公司

outfit 企业, 商业组织

venture (为赢利而进行冒险的)企业

comparative advantage n. 相对优势

competition and comparison n. 竞争比较

competition mechanism n. 竞争机制

competition n. 竞争

contract n. 合同

consumers' association n. 消费者协会

consumer confidence n. 消费者信心

consumer expectations n. 消费预期

conventional industries n. 传统产业

core competitiveness n. 核心竞争力

cost n. 成本

cost-effectiveness n. 成本效益

cutting edge (have an edge on) n. 优势 （比…有优势）



D

dealer/ jobber/ broker n. 经销商/ 股票经纪人

deficit spending n. 赤字开支

deflation / inflation n. 通货紧缩/ 通货膨胀

demand n../v. 需求

demand curve n. 需求曲线

deposit n./v. 定金, 保证金

depreciation / appreciation n. 贬值/增值

depression n. 萧条，经济不景气的一段时期

designer clothing/jeans / sneakers n. 名牌服装/牛仔裤/运动鞋

devaluate v. (使) 贬值

discount rate n. 贴现率

distribution n. 流通, 分配

diversification of investment n. 投资多元化

double / triple / quadruple… v./ adj./ n. 两倍/三倍/四倍（翻两翻）



E

economic aggregate n. 经济总量

economic and cultural exchanges n. 经济文化交流

economic belts n. 经济带

economic globalization n. 经济全球化

economic growth n. 经济增长

economic leverage n. 经济杠杆作用

economic regulation n. 经济调节

economic returns n. 经济回报、经济效益

economic zones n. 经济区

economical adj. 节约的, 经济的

economics n. 经济学

economic ills n. 经济弊病

economy class n. (客机) 经济舱

effective Corp management n. 有效的公司管理

[扩展]

“loose and tight” management 张弛有度的管理

a paragon of management virtue 管理功效的典范

consequence management 结果管理

hands-off management 疏松管理

HR (human resource) 人力资源

HR management 人力调配

performance management 业绩管理

PR (public relation) 公关

risk management 风险管理

transparency management 透明管理

the two-tier management system 双层管理体制

top-down management 自上而下的管理模式

make one's own management decisions 自主经营

managerial and technical staff 管理技术人员

managerial expertise 管理知识

effective demand n. 有效需求

efficiency n. 效率，功效

elasticity n. 弹性、可塑性、灵活度

electronic dealing n. 电子交易

electronic business (E-business) n. 电子商务

elite n. 精英

emerging market n. 新兴市场

employment insurance n. (EI, 旧称UI--unemployment insurance，失业保险) 就业保险金

employment rate n. 就业率

employment n. 就业

engine for economic growth n. 经济增长的引擎

enterprise n.企业

[扩展]

annexation and reorganization of enterprises 企业兼并重组

corporate checks and balances 企业间的制衡

corporate / entrepreneurial culture 企业文化

corporate image(CI)/ enterprise image 企业形象

cross-national corporation 跨国公司

earnings growth 收益增长

enterprising spirit; pioneering spirit 创业精神

entrepreneur 企业家

entrepreneurship 企业家身分(地位、职权、能力)

foreign-capital enterprise 外资企业

foreign-invested venture 外资企业

free enterprise 自由企业(制) 政府很少干预，私人自主经营

individual initiative 个人主动性

initial capital 启动资金

listing of a company 企业上市

multinational corporation 跨国公司

team spirit; esprit de corps 团队精神

traditional-bound business 受传统束缚的企业

transformation （企业）转型

transnational corporation 跨国公司

registered capital 注册资本

overseas-funded enterprises 外资企业

equities [英][pl. ](无固定利息的)股票, 证券

F

4 P (product, price, place and promotion) 4P营销理论: 产品、价格、地点、促销

4 C 4C(以消费者为中心)理论包括：

[扩展]

Consumer needs & wants 消费者的需求与欲望

Cost 消费者愿意付出的成本

Convenience 为消费者所提供的方便

Communication 与消费者的沟通

fair competition n. 公平竞争

federal reserve system (美国)联邦备银行制度

federation n. 联邦

financial fraud(s) n. 金融欺诈

financial crisis (turmoil) n. 金融危机（风暴）

financial market n. 金融市场

bullion market 金银买卖市场

cash market 现金市场

debt market 债务市场

discount market 贴现市场

equity market 股本市场

foreign exchange and derivatives markets 外汇及衍生产品市场

foreign exchange market 外汇市场

global financial system 全球金融体系

insurance market 保险市场

securities market 证券市场

fiscal adj. 财政的

[扩展]

fiscal and monetary levers 财政和货币杠杆

fiscal budget 财政预算

fiscal policy 财政政策, 财务方针

fiscal year 财政年度

fiscal lever 财政杠杆

fiscal levy 财政税收

financial deficit 财政赤字

fiscal revenue 财政收入

national revenue 财政收入

fixed assets n. 固定资产

fund / capital / venture capital n. 资金, 资本/ 风险资金

future market n. 期货市场



G

generate profit v. 创利

GNP at factor cost 按成本要素计算的国民生产总值

go public v. 上市

go to Chapter 11 v.（美）申请破产保护

go under v. (口) 倒闭

government spending n. 政府开支

gray income n. 灰色收入

Great Depression n.（美）大萧条

[详析]：a prolonged and very severe recession. The economic crisis which began around the time of the stock market crash in October 1929 and continued through the 1930s.

gross domestic product (GDP) n. 国内生产总值

gross national product (GNP) n. 国民生产总值



H

head –hunter n. 猎头公司

hedge (against) v. 保护或防御手段, 尤指防止经济损失

hedge fund n. 对冲基金

high return n. 高收益，高回报

holiday economy n. 假日经济

human capital n. 人力资本

hyperinflation n. 恶性通货膨胀



I

immediate consumption n. 即期消费

immediate yield n. 直接回报

incentive n. 动力

industry n. 工业，产业，行业

[扩展]

advertising industry 广告业

aerospace industry 航空和航天工业

aircraft industry 飞机制造工业

basic industry 基础工业, 重工业

book industry 图书出版业

brewing industry 啤酒酿造工业; 酿造工业

capital-and-technology-intensive industries 资金技术密集型产业

car industry 汽车制造工业

electronic industry 电子工业

entertainment industry 娱乐业

equipment manufacturing industry 装备制造业

heavy industry 重工业

information industry 信息产业

knowledge-intensive industry 知识密集型产业



labor-intensive industry 劳动密集型产业



large and medium-sized state-owned enterprises 国有大中型企业

light industry 轻工业

lottery industry 博彩业

manufacturing industry 制造业

monopoly industries 垄断行业

rubber industry 橡胶工业

secondary industry 第二产业

service industry developing in all areas 服务业全面发展

textile industry 纺织行业

the tertiary industry 第三产业

tourist industry 旅游业

industrialization n. 工业化

industries in straitened circumstances n. 困难行业

infrastructure n. 基础设施

insufficient demand n. 需求不足

interest cut n. 降息

interest group n. 利益集团

interest rate(s) n. 利率

international competitiveness n. 国际竞争力

international settlement n. 国际结算

J

joint effort n. 共同努力

joint venture n. 合资企业

joint-stock system n. 股份制



K

Keynes 凯恩斯(英国经济学家)

Keynesian theory 凯恩斯经济理论

L

labor n../v. 劳动力

labor-intensive industries n. 劳动密集型产业

Laffer curve 拉费曲线(美国供应学派经济学家拉费所假设的一条曲线)

laissez-faire 放任政策(尤指资本主义国家的政府对工商业者的自由)

late charge n. 滞纳金

law of demand n. 需求定律

law of supply n. 供给定律

lawful business operations n. 合法经营

leasing n. 出租业务

legal person n. 法人

legitimacy n. 合理性、合法性

legitimate rights and interests n. 正当权益

liability of fault n. 过失责任

limited liability corporation n. 有限公司

liquidity n. 变现能力

listed companies n. 上市公司

logistics n. 物流

loss leader n. 为招揽顾客而削本出售的商品

loss leader strategy n. (商店) 优惠策略



M

M & A (merger & acquisition) 收购兼并

macroeconomic control n. 宏观调控

macroeconomics n. 宏观经济学

make ends meet v. 收支平衡; (口) 日子过得去

marginal return n. 边际报酬

market n. 市场

[扩展]

market diversification 市场多元化

market economy 市场经济

market intelligence 市场情报、市场调查

market saturation 市场饱和

market share 市场占有率

market supervision 市场监管

marketization 市场化

market-oriented employment mechanisms 市场导向的就业机制

mass production n. 批量生产

mechanism n. 机制

merger n. 合并

merger and bankruptcy n. 兼并破产

merit n. 价值

microeconomics n. 微观经济学

modern distribution n. 现代流通

modern market economy n. 现代市场经济

modern market system n. 现代市场体系

modern services n. 现代服务业

monetary adj. 货币的

[glossary] [扩展]

European monetary integration 欧洲货币一体化

convertible currency 可兑换货币

monetary lever 货币杠杆

monetary policy 货币政策

monetization 货币化

monetization of public debt 公债货币化

withdrawal of currency from circulation 货币回笼

monopoly n. 垄断

multifunctionality n. 多功能性

multilateral trade negotiation n. 多边贸易谈判

O

old-age pension n. 养老保险制度

oligarchy [ ] n. 寡头政治, 寡头政治的执政团

oligopoly [ ] n. 求过于供的市场情况

on-the-job training n. 岗位培训

opportunity cost n. 机会成本

optimize (maximize / minimize) v. 优化 / 最大化/ 最小化

overheating n. 过热

P

paragon [ ] n. 模范, 典范

patent [ ] n. 专利

patent grant n. 专利许可

patent law n. 专利法规

pension n. 退休金; 养老金

per capita GDP [ ] n. 人均国内生产总值

per capita income n. 人均收入

performance n. 业绩

performance-based salary system n. 基于业绩的工资制度

plunge / dip / down v/n. （价格）猛跌/ 小跌/ 下跌

political economy n. 政治经济

portfolio [ ] n. 一组投资

positioning n. 定位

potential market n. 潜在市场

practical productive forces n. 现实生产力

primary productive force n. 第一生产力

printing and packaging business n. 包装印刷业

private enterprise n. 私营企业

private property n. 私人财产

private sector n. 私营部门

privatization n. 私有化

prime rate n. 银行最低贷款利率

produce n. 农产品

productivity n. 生产力

profit n./v. 利润

promotion n. 促销

propaganda [ ] n. （贬义）宣传

proprietary intellectual property rights [ ] n. 自主知识产权

protectionism n. 贸易）保护主义

public sector n. 公共部门

public services n. 公共服务

purchasing power n. 购买力

Q

QC (quality check) 质检

QFII [ ] 合格的境外机构投资者

R

raffle [ ] v. / n. 抽奖售货

real economy n. 实体经济

recession n. 衰退，不景气

regime [ ] n. 政权、机制

rent n. 租金

regional protectionism n. 地方保护主义

resources n. 资源

restructure n. 改组、重组

retail gap n. 零售空间

S

saturation; be saturated [ ] n./ adj. 饱和

sales volume n. 销售额

satellite town n. 卫星城

savings n. 储蓄

scale operation n. 规模经营

scarcity n. 缺乏

securities n. 证券

[glossary] [扩展]

stock , bond, securities 股票, 债券, 证券

securities, options and futures 证券、期权及期货

A share A股

B share B 股

bear market 熊市

bull market 牛市

China's Securities Regulatory Commission (CSRC) 中国证监会

corporate bonds 企业债

day trading 当日交易

delisted company 被摘牌的公司

equity participant 参股者

fixed income investments 固定收益类投资

hedge 对冲；保值手段

IPO (Initial Public Offering) 首次上市（股票）

joint stock company 参股公司

long -term government bonds 长期国债

long- term treasury bonds for construction 长期建设国债

rally 反弹, 股市价格和成交额在下跌后显著的上升

the Dow Jones Industrial Average 道琼斯工业指数

the NASDAQ Composite Index 纳斯达克综合指数

the Nikkei Average 日京指数

S & P (Standard & Poors) 标准普尔指数

London SE (Stock Exchange) 伦敦证券交易所

New York SE 纽约证券交易所

Shanghai SE 上海证券交易所

Shenzhen SE 深圳证券交易所

seeking financing by listing on the stock market 上市融资

securities investment 证券投资

state stock reduction; reduce state's stake in listed companies 国有股减持

State-held shares 国有股

Stock index 股票指数

stock option 股票期权 　

treasury bonds (T-bonds) 国库券

The Securities and Futures Ordinance (SFO) 证券及期货条例

separation of powers n. 权利分离

SEC (Securities and Exchange Commission) (美) 证券交易委员会

slump n./v. (经济)衰退，滑坡

soar / surge / climb n./v. （价格）上涨

social and economic stability n. 社会经济稳定

social credit system n. 社会信用体系

social wealth n. 社会财富

SOHO (Small Office & Home Office) SOHO一族(小型办公室和家庭办公室)

solvency [ ] n. 偿付能力

sources of investment n. 投资主体

speculative ad,j. 投机性的

stabilize prices v. 稳定物价

start / build… from scratch v. 从零开始; 白手起家

storage and transport n. 储运

strategic planning n. 战略部署, 战略计划

strong （currency） adj. （货币）坚挺

strong demand n. 需求强劲

subsidy n. 补助金，津贴

sunrise industry n. 朝阳产业

sunset industry n. 夕阳产业

supply n. 供给

supply side economics n. 供方经济学

survival rate n. 成活率

SWOT analysis n. 优势与劣势, 机遇与挑战分析

T

24 –hour service n. 全天候服务

tangible benefits n. 实惠

technology-intensive product n. 技术密集产品

tender-invitation n. 招商

the distribution (allocation) of resources n. 资源配置

the economic structure n. 经济结构

the industrial structure n. 产业结构

the macro-control system n. 宏观调控体系

the market system n. 市场体系

the open economy n. 开放型经济

the order of the market economy n. 市场经济秩序

the potentially largest market n. 潜在的最大市场

the world trade organization (WTO) n. 世贸组织

the U.S. Trade Representative n. 美国贸易代表

the Canadian trade mission n. 加拿大贸易代表团

tourist economy n. 旅游经济

trade n./v. 贸易

[扩展]

ASEAN (Association of South-East Asian Nations) 东南亚国家联盟

ASEAN Free Trade Area 东盟自由贸易区

EU (European Union) 欧盟

chamber of import and export trade 进出口商会

CIF(cost, insurance, freight) 到岸价

CIFC （cost, insurance, freight and commission） 到岸价加佣金

COD (cash on delivery) 货到付款

diary product 奶制品

durable consumer goods, consumer durables 耐用消费品

FMCG (fast-moving consumer goods) 快速消费品

FOB (free on board) 离岸价

forward delivery 远期交货

free port 自由港

grassland farming 牧业

horticultural product [ ] 园艺品

ice-free harbor 不冻港

L/C (letter of credit) 信用证

lamb 羊羔

milk powder 奶粉

mutton 羊肉

non-tariff trade barriers 非关税贸易壁垒

produce 农产品

protectionism 保护主义

protective price 保护价格

quotation of prices 报价单

retail market 零售市场

sea and air shipping service 海上和空中运输服务

single-product export country 单一产品出口国

steel 钢铁

the most competitive products 拳头产品

timber 木材

timber product 木器

trade balance 贸易平衡

trade bloc 贸易集团 （如：欧盟）

trade conflicts 贸易冲突

trade deficit (surplus) 贸易逆差 / 顺差

trade in commodities and services 商品和服务贸易

trade monopolies and regional blockades 行业垄断和地区封锁

trade sanction 贸易制裁

trade volume 贸易额

wholesale market 批发市场

wool export 羊毛出口

traditional industries n. 传统产业

transaction n. 交易

triple n./v./adj. 增长两倍

turnover n. 销售额

TV shots n. 电视广告

TQC (Total Quality Control) n. 全面质量管理

W

外商直接投资foreign direct investment

外向型经济outward-looking economy

外资企业overseas-funded enterprises; foreign-funded company

完善的社会主义市场经济体制full-fledged socialist market economy

温饱 having only adequate food and clothing

稳定物价 stabilize prices

稳健的货币政策the sound monetary policy

外汇 foreign exchange

[扩展] [glossary]

外汇储备 reign exchange reserves

外汇管理局 SAFE ( State Administration of Foreign Exchange)

外汇管制 foreign exchange control

外汇汇率 foreign exchange rate

外商直接投资 direct foreign investment

X

西部地区China's western region

西部大开发 the large-scale development of China’s western region

下岗失业人员再就业reemploy laid-off workers

消费需求的不足insufficient consumer spending

消费者权益日 International Day for Consumers' Rights and Interests

国际交流和合作international exchanges and cooperation

新的经济增长点new growth areas in the economy

需求疲软weak demand

Y

亚洲金融危机the Asian financial crisis

衣食住用行food, clothing, housing, transport and daily necessities

优化消费结构optimize the consumption structure

Z

招商inviting tenders; leasing

振兴装备制造业revival of the equipment manufacturing industry

政府资助项目government-sponsored programs

质检QC (quality check)

中部地区the central region

中长期国外投资medium- and long-term foreign investment

中国出口商品交易会(广交会) China Export Commodities Fair (Guangzhou Fair)

中国加入世贸组织China's entry into the WTO

中国购物中心论坛 China Shopping Center Forum

中国电信 China Telecom

中国联通 China Unicom

中国移动 China Mobile

中信(中国国际信托投资公司) Citic group

中央银行 the Central Bank / PBOC

专卖店 exclusive agency; franchised store

资源消耗低low resources consumption

资源优化配置 optimize resource allocation

自负盈亏responsible for one's own profits and losses

自给自足autarky

自由贸易free trade

自由贸易区free trade zone

自由职业人员free-lance professionals

重点项目 key project

[扩展]

国家重点工程national key projects

南水北调 South-to-North water diversion

西电东送 West-East electricity transmission project

西气东输 West-East natural gas transmission project