翻译部分:
1.与虚拟现实不同的是,普适计算尽力整合显示的信息到日常物理世界中,它能惊人地考虑到真实世界的微笑差别并且致力于将它放大。与个人数字助理PDA不同的是,普适计算以无处不在的廉价无线网络扩大了完全联通的视野;与个人数字助理PDA不同的还有,它设想你不必随身携带任何东西,因为无论在哪里,你都可以接受信息。
Unlike virtual reality,pervasive computing endeavers to integrate information displays into the everday physical world.It considers the nuances of the real world to be wonderful and aims only to augment them. Unlike PDA's,pervasive computing envisions a world of fully connected devices,with cheap wireless networks everywhere;unlilke PDA's ,it postulates that you need not carry anything with you ,since information will be accessable everywhere.
2.普适计算给我们提供容易管理的信息工具,而信息是全球经济的新货币。我们与日俱增地依赖电子创造,存储,个人传递,财务,以及其他保密信息,而且要求所有这些事务的安全性。
Pervasive computing gives us tools to manage information easily.Information is the new currency of the global economy.We increasingly rely on the electronic creation,storage ,and transmittal of personal,financial ,and other confidertial information ,and demand the highest security for all these transactions.
3.普适计算通过使用一类新的智能与便携式设备使人们能完成日益增长的许多个人和专业的事务。
Pervasive computing aims to enable people to accomplish an increasing number of personal and professional transactions using a new class of intelligent and portable devices.
4.它消除了新技术的复杂性,使我们能更有效的工作而给我们留下更多的闲暇时间,普适计算不再是限于台式机的分立的活动;普适计算正很快的成为我们生活的一部分。
It removes the complexity of new technologies,enables us to be more efficient in our work and leaves us more leisure time.Computing is no longer a discrete activity bound to a desktop;pervasive computing is fast becoming a part of everyday life.
21.我们能够运行一个标准软件包而不必准备了解他们是如何工作;我们能够用某种高级语言为一个计算机编制程序而不必了解这台机器的个别指令如何执行;我们能从推销员那里购置一台计算机而不必理解这个系统的规范。
We can run standard software packages without understanding exactly how they work;we can program a computer in a high-level language without understanding how the machine executes the individual instructions;we can purchase a computer system from a salesman without understanding the specifications of the system.
22.也许你是一个正在学习成为计算机专业人员的学生,或是你只不过是一个希望更深入了解计算机工作的用户。
Perhaps you are a student studying to become a computer professional,or perhaps you are simply a user wanting a deeper understanding of what the computer is all about.
41.这就是计算机设计师在工作中必须与存储器设计人员一道考虑的仅有的一点节外生枝问题。
This only one of the trade-offs must be considered by the computer architect working whith the memory designers.
42.这是因为处理器及控制器在每个部件上的性能费用差不多以存储部件同样的速度下跌。与主春初容量得起增长相配合的是辅助存储器容量的迅速增长。这种组合增加了存储器对总的系统硬件费用的相对重要性。
This is because processor and controller costs per unit of performance are dropping about as rapidly as are memory unit costs.Coupled with the increase in primary-memory sizes is the associated rapid growth of secondary-memory capacities.The combination is increasing the relative importance of storage to total system hardware costs.
43.我们必须决定对于部分字的寻址能否在存储器中完成或是需要更多的控制逻辑,或者部分字的寻址要在一个数字被传送到处理器后才能完成。
Memory addressing is initiated in the processors,but the organization of the memory module influences how the translation from logical addresses to physical addresses is accomplished.
51.通过我们对不同阶段的研究,看到了在早期的计算机系统中,操作系统的各个组成部分是如何发展成对问题的自然解答的。
As we move through the various stages,we see how the componets of operating systems evolved as natural solutions to problems in early computer systems.
52.一个操作系统几乎是每一台计算机系统的重要组成部分。一个计算机系统可分为4个组成部分,:
硬件(cpu,存储器,I/O设备)
操作系统
应用程序(编译器,数据库系统,电子游戏,业务程序等)
用户(人,机器或其他计算机)
An operating system is an important part of almost every computer system.Acomputer system can be roughly divided into 4 components:
The hardware(CPU,memory,I/O devices)
The operating system.
The applications programs(compilers,database systems,video games,business programs)
The users(people,machines or other computers)
53.像一个政府一样,操作系统只靠它本身执行不了任何有用的功能。它只不过是提供一个环境,在该环境中程序能进行有用的工作。
Like a government,the operating system performs no useful function by itself.It simply provides an environment within which other programs can do useful work.
54.操作系统的主要目标是方便用户。操作系统的存在是因为有了操作系统来计算比没有系统的计算更容易。当你注视到一个小型个人计算机的操作系统时这点是特别清楚的。
The primary goal of an operating system is convenience for the user.Operating systems exist because they are supposed to make it easier to compute with an operating system than without an operating system.This is particularly clear when you look at operating systems for small personal computers.
61.用很多的可编程语言,其中大多数都分复杂及不规则。要学习及指出每种现成的可编程语言的每一种特性几乎是不可能的。幸而各种编程语言之间在概念上有很多相同,甚至那些在表面上看很不相似的语言也不例外。
There are so many programming languages and most are so complex and irregular that it would be nearly impossible and certainly pointless to learn every feature of every eisting programming language,even between those that on the surface appear to be quite dissimilar.
71.今天,也就是比以往任何时候都更加明显,一个组织的成功取决于它准确而及时的获取关于它运营数据的能力及有效管理这些数据,而用它来分析和指导其活动。
Today ,more than at any previous time ,the success of an organization depends on its ability to acquire accurate and timely date about its operations,to manage this data effectively,and to use it to analyze and guide its activities.
81.许多组织创造了联合数据仓库,也就是数据仓库包含了来自不同商业单位自行维护的几个数据库的数据以及历史性的总结信息。
Many organizations have therefore created consolidated data warehouses that contain data drawn from several databases maintained by different business units,together with historical and summary information.
专业英语缩写部分:
PDA 个人数字助理
TCP 传输控制协议
IP 网络协议
MPC 多媒体个人电脑
PCI 外设组件互连标准
DNS 域名系统
WWW 万维网
FTP 文件传输协议
TE 终端
MB 主板
CPU 中央处理器
ADSL 非对称数字用户线路
RAM 随机存储器
ROM 只读存储器
NC 网络计算机
mmu 存储器管理单元
HDD 硬盘
FDD 软盘
ISP 互联网服务提供商
USB 通用串行总线
html 超文本标记语言
IS 信息系统
IT 信息技术
EC 电子商务
DVD 数字视频光盘
GPS 全球定位系统
LAN 局域网
API 应用程序编程接口
CAD 计算机辅助设计
UDP 用户数据报协议
OSI 开放式系统互联参考模型
IRQ/IRC 中断请求/中断控制
JPEG/MPEG 联合/动态图像专家组
LPT 打印终端
英语单词部分:
affordance 可提供的
appliance 器具,设备
artifact 产品,人工制品
augment 放大,增强
bidding 吩咐,命令
confidential 保密的,机密
embody 具体表现
endeavor 努力,尽力,企图
framework 框架,主机,结构
intimite 宣布,明白表示
nuance 意义,意见
PDA:Personal Digital Assistant 数字个人助理
pervasive 遍布的,弥漫的,渗透的
pictograph 象形文字,统计图
postulate 假定,条件,主张
seamless 天衣无缝,圆满的
substrate 衬底,基件
take...from 离开,移动,使退出
transaction 事务,交易
buiquitous 无处不在的,普遍存在的
informed 有见识的,见闻广播的
jargon 行话,术语
obsure 暗的,不清楚的
optimum 最优的,
PCI(Peripheral Control Interface) 外围设备接口
presumable 冒昧的,不客气的
scary 可怕的,从人听闻的
addressing 编址的,寻址的
defer 推迟的,延迟
displacement 位移量
erroneous 错误的
Gigabytes 吉字节
index 索引,变址
packed 紧凑的
prominent 主导的,占统治地位的
virtual 虚拟的,虚的
accommodate 适应,满足
dynamic random-access memory(DRAM) 动态随机存储器
emitter-coupled logic(ECL) 发射极耦合逻辑
feasible 可行的
high performance 高性能
interleaving 交叉存储
memory-cell 基本存储单元
memory-management unit(MMU) 存储管理部件
metal-oxide semiconductor(MOS) 金属氧化物半导体
nonvolatile 不挥发的
offset 偏移,补偿
overlap 重叠
printed-circuit 印制线路
reliability 可靠性
reside 驻留,居留
static random-acess memory(SRAM) 静态随机存储器
transistortransistor logic 三极管-三极管逻辑
architecture 技术,工艺
application program 应用程序
component 组成
conflict 冲突,矛盾
convenience 方便性
coordinate 协调
efficiency 有效性
facilitate 使方便,助长,促使
resource allocator 资源分配器
BCPL(Bootstrap combined Programming Language) 自展组合的程序设计语言
cope with 处理,对待
generality 通用性
high-level language 高级语言
irregular 不规则的
low-lever language 低级语言
notation 计数,表达
programming language 可编程语言
reconcile 协调
typeless system 无类型系统
variant 变化,变形
asset 财产,资产
discipline 学科,科目
distraction 烦扰,分心
fashion 方式,样子,时尚
genome 基因组
liability 义务,负担,债务
literally 毫不夸张的
microcosm 小天地,缩图
mine 矿藏,挖掘
NSNA(National Aeronautics and Space Administration) 美国宇航局
paradigm 变化表,变化例
paradox 议论,反论
consensus 舆论,共同一致
consolidate 巩固,加强,联合统一
decsion making 决策,作出决策
excruciatingly 极痛苦的,极严酷的
exploratory 探测
formulation 明确表达
group by 分组依据,按规定分组
OLTP(On-Line Transaction Procession) 在线事务处理
promotion 促进,晋升,倡议
transaction 事务,交易