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建筑专业英语词汇
2009年05月13日 星期三 08:00

Architecture 建筑学

房屋各部分Parts of house
屋面    roof
屋脊               ridge
坡屋顶      pitched roof
单坡屋顶       pent roof
lean-to roof
人字屋顶      gable roof
四坡顶       hipped roof
卷材防水屋面 membrane roof
屋面排水沟       valley
找平层       screed-coat
防水层 damp-proof course
泛水            flashing
屋顶层            garret
阁楼penthouse/loft/attic
天台           roof-deck
晒台        drying stage
组合烟囱   chimney stack
屋檐    eave
屋面排水roofing drainage
檐沟,明沟        gutter
水落管         down-pipe
水落管         downspout
雨棚       canopy/awning
柱廊           colonnade
走廊            corridor
中庭              atrium
山墙               gable
女儿墙           parapet
山花            pediment
隅石砌            quoins
阳台 balcony/veranda
阳台栏杆      balustrade
阳台栏杆柱      baluster
banister
平台             terrace
台阶               steps
梯子              ladder
梯级                step
楼梯    staircase
楼梯踏步平板       tread
楼梯踏步竖板       riser
楼梯休息平台     landing
直角转弯平台
   quarter-space landing
梯宽        run of stair
梯高        rise of stair
楼梯扶手    rail/railing
回转梯          caracole
     corkscrew staircase
踏步突沿          nosing
窗子    window
百叶窗    blinds/louvers
旋转窗    balance window
平开窗,窗叶    casement
窗扇                sash
中旋窗     awning window
上下推拉窗
double-hung window
屋顶通气窗    clerestory
门窗亮子         transom
窗框        window frame
窗台           sill/cill
采光顶           sunroof
天窗            sunlight
老虎窗     dormer-window
通风窗        vent-light
落地窗     French window
墙壁    wall
承重墙      bearing wall
隔间          partition
空心墙       cavity wall
防火隔断(分区)
compartmentation
剪力墙       shear panel
墙裙            wainscot
窗间墙              pier
幕墙        curtain wall
电梯     elevator/lift
自动扶梯       escalator
地板,楼面    floor
夹层楼面        entresol
               mezzanine
楼座             balcony
楼板                slab
天花板           ceiling
壁炉             andiron
         fireplace/grate
地下室          basement
防火           fire-cut
防火门         fire door
耐热涂料
   heat-resisting paints
绝热     heat insulation
门槛      head-rail/sill
柱子 column/post/pillar
柱头     column cap/head
柱列           colonnade
斜撑          knee brace
悬索            catenary
梁    beam
基础梁        grade beam
钢板梁      plate girder
工字梁            I-beam
过梁 lintel/lintol/head
椽子              purlin
基础    foundation
碎石垫层      hard core
混凝土地基
     concrete foundation
基座、柱础      pedestal
独立基础isolated footing
放大基础
       spreading footing
条形基础   strip footing
筏式基础 mat foundation
浮筏基础
     floating foundation
沉箱基础        caisson
化粪池
    Cesspool/septic tank
伸缩缝   expansion joint
冷桥      thermal bridge
散水          wash/apron
披水板 weathering-board
桁架               truss
组合桁架 composite truss
框架           framework
模板            formwork
拱券                arch
穹顶                dome
平拱           flat arch
筒拱 vault, vaulted roof
半圆穹顶          concha
瓦          shingle/tile
砖                 brick
瓷砖        ceramic tile
玻璃砖      glass blocks
大理石            marble
花岗岩           granite
水磨石          terrazzo
砌块             masonry
混凝土          concrete
预制     to prefabricate
预制混凝土
       pre-cast concrete
钢筋混凝土
     reinforced concrete
钢筋 steel reinforcement
水泥              cement
抹灰,灰泥plaster/stucco
熟石灰    hydrate of lime
             slaked-lime
砂浆              mortar
抹灰层      floated coat
饰面              finish
木砖grounds/timber brick
石膏              gypsum
石膏板      plaster slab
夹胶玻璃       ply-glass
胶合板plywood/clip-board
悬臂          cantilever
叠涩,牛腿         corbel
遮阳         sun shading
砌好的砖层course of bricks
脚手架       scaffolding
                scaffold
挖土,掘土     excavation
打地基
   to lay the foundations
制图与构图用语
草图       sketch, draft
图纸             drawing
施工图 working drawings
竣工图 as-built drawing
工程             project
方案                plan
总图                grid
总平面              site
平面               floor
立面           elevation
正立面            facade
剖面             section
详图              detail
门厅上部     upper foyer
比例尺            scale=
透视图,表现图
               rendering
透视         perspective
轴测
   isometric perspective
Axonometric projection
轴线                axis
建筑面积
              floor area
       architecture area
相对标高           level
      relative elevation
层高,净空      headroom
                 headway
室内            interior
室外            exterior
室内装修
     interior decoration
装饰            ornament
绿地           greenbelt
广场        plaza/square
           public square
布局              layout
流线         circulation
解构      deconstruction
空间       space/spatial
比例          proportion
统一               unity
均衡             balance
协调             harmony
尺度               scale
韵律              rhythm
风格               style
功能            function
关系        relationship
几何名词
直线                line
曲线               curve
圆弧                 arc
圆                circle
椭圆             ellipse
三角形          triangle
正方形            square
矩形           rectangle
多边形           polygon
螺旋线            spiral
平行六面体
          parallelepiped
球体              sphere
半球          hemisphere
房屋 House
高层建筑
      high-rise building
摩天大楼      skyscraper
社区     housing complex
房子、家舍          house
茅舍             cottage
平房     one-story house
                bungalow
             plain-house
二楼     two-story house
十层办公楼
ten-storey office block
公寓(建筑物)
         apartment house
公寓楼     block of flats
(美apartment block)
公寓(房间)
       apartment(flat英)
别墅               villa
花园洋房    garden house
寄宿舍     dormitory(美)
供膳出租房间
       board and lodging
出租房间room for rent(美)
乡村旅舍     country inn
供膳寄宿舍 boardinghouse
大厦    mansions/edifice
大楼            building
预制装配式房屋
     pre-fabricate house
小木屋             shack
一个单元        one unit
车库              garage
报告厅        auditorium
            lecture hall
多功能厅 multi-use hall
阅览室     browsing room
            reading room
茶室    refreshment room
操作间               cab
            utility room
住居 Dwelling
套房                suit
主人套房     master suit
门厅,前厅         lobby
大厅      hall/main hall
过厅             gallery
起居间         living RM
               family RM
聚会厅      gathering RM
              keeping RM
休息厅            lounge
              sitting RM
客厅              parlor
衣帽间         cloakroom
更衣、衣橱间
   walk-in-closet/W.I.C.
厨房             kitchen
餐厅        dinning room
早餐厅              nook
          breakfast room
食品、餐具间       pantry
                 butlery
浴室,洗手间    bathroom
盥洗室       toilet room
卫生间 water closet/W.C.
前室,门厅         foyer
寝室,卧房       bedroom
主人房    master bedroom
书斋,书房         study
                 library
工作室,画室      studio
私室,书斋           den
化妆室           boudoir
    dressing RM/powder RM
婴儿室           nursery
客房           guestroom
壁橱        closet/ambry
洗衣间      laundry room
地窖              cellar
储藏室           storage
健身房       exercise RM
服务入口   service entry
换鞋处          mud room
游艺室        games room
活动室   activities room
音乐室      music alcove
工人房      maid bedroom
台球室    billiards room
温室          greenhouse
家具 Furniture
方桌        square table
圆桌         round table
长方桌   rectangle table
伸缩桌   extension table
小桌          side table
凳子               stool
有肘的椅子      armchair
摇椅,安乐椅
           rocking chair
藤椅        rattan chair
塑料椅     plastic chair
帆布椅        deck chair
折椅       folding chair
沙发                sofa
长椅               couch
桌子,餐桌         table
玻璃桌子     glass table
塑料桌子   acrylic table
木制饭桌    wooden-table
庭院 Yard
家宅(院)        messuage
门廊 porch/covered porch
敞廊              loggia
前院      front yard(美)
               forecourt
中院(英)      court yard
后院       back-yard(美)
侧院          quiet yard
小庭院             garth
天井        patio/patios
              hypaethral
花园              garden
树篱               hedge
围场           enclosure
花架         arbor bower
草坪                lawn
花坛           flowerbed
灌木          bush/brush
撒水器         sprinkler
假山             rockery
亭子,阁楼      pavilion
小径                path
车道            driveway
游泳池              pool
围墙               fence
前门 Front door
会发谐音钟声的门 door chime
警报器            buzzer
门铃            doorbell
门环         doorknocker
窥孔            peephole
门把                knob
门柱            doorjamb
锁眼             keyhole
转门       swinging door
折门      fold-away door
          accordion door
冷暖气
Cooling and heating
电风扇      electric fan
煤气暖炉      gas heater
               gas stove
石油暖炉
kerosene heater(=stove)
电暖炉
electric heater(=stove)
暖气片     panel heating
散热器          radiator
冷气机        air cooler
空调机   air-conditioner
中央暖气
central heating(system)
局部暖气
           space heating
相关专业名称
结构           structure
电气       electric work
给排水          plumbing
暖通                HVAC
   Heating/Ventilation
         /Air Condition
城市规划   city planning
           town planning
风格与主义
建构            tectonic
风格               style
古典主义    Classicalism
哥特复兴式 Gothic Revival
巴洛克风格       Baroque
洛可可            Rococo
文艺复兴     Renaissance
帕拉迪奥风格   Palladian
新艺术运动   Art Nouveau
理性主义     Rationalism
折衷主义     Eclecticism
粗野主义       Brutalism
风格主义       Mannerism
构成主义 Constructivism
国际主义风格
     International Style
功能主义   Functionalism
表现主义   Expressionism
现代主义       Modernism
新古典主义
          Neo-Classicism
可持续建筑
   Sustainable Architecture
▲古建筑
金字塔           Pyramid
方尖碑           Obelisk
万神庙          pantheon
凯旋门    triumphal arch
角斗场         colosseum
宫殿              palace
庙宇              temple
皇宫,教堂       basilica
大教堂         cathedral
教堂              church
塔,塔楼            tower
纪念碑          monument
牌门楼             Pylon
塔楼              turret
莲花式柱    lotus column
纸草花式柱papyrus column
棕榈叶式柱   palm column
塔庙            Ziggurat
列柱围廊式     Peristyle
柱式               order
柱头             Capital
柱身        column shaft
多立克柱式   Doric order
伊奥尼亚柱式 Ionic order
塔斯干柱式 Tuscan order
科林斯柱式
        Corinthian order
柱基              Plinth
台基           stylobate
山花            Pediment
檐口             Cornice
檐部         Entablature
檐壁              Frieze
额枋          Architrave
槽沟               Flute
圆底线脚           Torus
平嵌线            reglet
输水道          aqueduct
广场               Forum
门廊       porch/portico
小穹顶            cupola
主穹顶         main dome
半穹顶         semi dome
帆拱          pendentive
会堂            basilica
中厅        central nave
侧廊               aisle
半圆形壁龛          apse
袖廊            transept
柱廊           colonnade
神坛               altar
拱廊              arcade
壁上拱廊    blind arcade
玫瑰窗       rose window
扶壁            buttress
尖顶            pinnacle
滴水兽          gargoyle
顶端饰            finial
花色窗棂         tracery
四叶饰        quatrefoil
五叶饰        cinquefoil
府邸     mansion/palazzo
鼓座                drum
采光塔           lantern
小侧窗    bull eye window
涡卷装饰       cartouche
宣礼塔           minaret
圣龛              mihrab
            prayer niche
讲坛       mimbar/pulpit
拱式          vault type
筒拱        barrel vault
棱拱         groin vault
肋骨拱      ribbed vault
星形拱     stellar vault
网状拱 reticulated vault
扇形拱         fan vault
倒槽式拱    trough vault
钟乳拱 stalactite vault
券式    arch type
半圆券 semicircular arch
尖券        pointed arch
弧形券    segmental arch
葱花券         ogee arch
马蹄券    horseshoe arch
交角券           squinch
穹式    dome type
半球形穹顶
      semispherical dome
葱花穹顶       ogee dome
方穹顶       square dome
阿拉伯花饰      arabeque
阿拉伯式柱头
         Arabian capital
绘画杂词
艺术家,大师      artist
画家             painter
毛笔画     brush drawing
水墨画              wash
国画    Chinese painting
油画        oil painting
壁画 painting in fresco
版画           engraving
水彩画      water colour
     (美语作:watercolor)
树胶水彩画       gouache
胶画    tempera painting
蜡笔画    pastel drawing
红铅笔画        sanguine
细密画         miniature
石洞壁画   cave painting
     rupestrian painting
写生画
     drawing from nature
机械画
      mechanical drawing
单色画       chiaroscuro
色彩           colouring
       (美语作:coloring)
三联画          triptych
               tri-pitch
画像            portrait
自画像     self-portrait
风景画         landscape
海景画          seascape
静物画        still life
透视画       perspective
漫画          caricature
裸体画              nude
习作               study
画作   painting,drawing
图画   painting,picture
描绘              design
草稿              sketch
临摹             tracing
透视(缩距)画法
   foreshortened figure
阴影               shade
立体主义,主体派   cubism
抽象派          abstract
造型的        figurative
画笔               brush
炭笔     charcoal pencil
颜料             pigment
画架,调色板        easel
画板             palette
调色刀     palette knife
绘画抹刀,刮铲   spatula
画框               frame
画布绷架         chassis
画布              canvas
模特               model
壁毯            tapestry
轮廓             profile
一笔              stroke
最后一笔 finishing touch
画室              studio
画廊,美术馆 pinacotheca
其他
GRC    玻璃纤维增强复合材料
(Glass-fiber Reinforced Composite)
PVC            聚氯乙烯
建设,修建 build/construct
建筑开工许可证
     building permission


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