1. Social Pressure.社会压力 People often incredulously wonder how mothers who had loved their daughters could practice such painful, and seemingly inhumane treatment on them. Often it is assumed that this was very easy to carry out against females and that it was probably done because the families did not care whether female children lived or died. Although females were less valued in society, the family members may have viewed the foot-binding of daughters as an investment in them. This was thought to be an investment that would make their daughters more fertile, more sexually pleasing to men, more socially acceptable, and more disciplined (note: these are the arguments which support infibulation and female genital mutilation today). Even the orphanages run by nuns gradually and reluctantly allowed this practice to be allowed on orphans because of the societal treatment of girls and women with unbound feet ( Splendid Slippers 1997). If men valued women with bound feet more highly than those with unbound feet, this placed pressure on women to observe the custom by binding their daughters feet. So societal pressure is one reason the practice continued.
人们往往不知道如何incredulously母亲谁曾爱自己的女儿能实践这种痛苦,看似不人道待遇,对他们的影响。 往往是假定,这是很容易的进行对女性,并认为可能是做了,因为家庭没有照顾是否女性儿童生活或死亡。 虽然女性的少,价值在社会中,家庭成员可能认为,缠足的女儿,作为投资在他们。这是被认为是一项投资,将使他们的女儿更肥沃的,更多的性取悦男人,更多的为社会接受,更有纪律(注:这些都是论据支持阴部扣锁和切割女性生殖器官今天) 。 甚至孤儿院开办的修女逐渐勉强允许这种做法被允许对孤儿的,因为社会治疗的女童和妇女与游离英尺 ( 灿烂的拖鞋 1997年) 。如果男人重视妇女缠足更多的高比那些非约束性英尺,这放在对妇女的压力,必须遵守自订的通过有约束力的自己的女儿英尺。 因此,社会的压力是原因之一的做法继续下去。
2. Eroticism and Attractiveness 长色情和吸引力 The belief was that the smaller the feet, the better. Women in tiny silk slippers enticed men, regardless of whether or not he found the face to be attractive . It was not unusual for men to be aroused just from looking at the tiny silk slippers, with or without a woman wearing them. Men masturbated looking at tiny silk slippers. Men drank from the slippers. Some men would steal slippers, especially red slippers worn to bed by women ( Splendid Slippers 1997). They fondled the tiny feet and slippers during sex. To some, the cleft in the foot was treated like a vagina ( Splendid Slippers 1997). Another part of eroticism was that women with bound feet were thought to be like well-pruned trees in that the weight of the body was being shifted to just one point of the foot, just as a pruned tree has limbs manipulated to attain the desired effect. The weight shift to just the heels was alleged to have had the effect of tightened vaginal muscles, along with muscular thighs and hips ( Splendid Slippers 1997).
信念是,规模较小的脚,就越好。 妇女在微小的丝绸拖鞋引诱男人,不论是否没有发现他面部有吸引力 。这不是不寻常的男子引起刚才看小小的丝绸拖鞋,有或没有一名女子身穿他们。 男性自慰看微小的丝绸拖鞋。 男子喝了从拖鞋。 有的男人会窃取拖鞋,特别是红色拖鞋磨损上床妇女( 灿烂的拖鞋 1997年) 。他们fondled小小的英尺和拖鞋在性交过程。 对一些人来说,裂隙在脚下,是一处理想的阴道( 灿烂的拖鞋 1997年) 。 另一部分是色情业的妇女缠足被认为是像以及修剪树木,在这方面的重量,身体被转移到一个点,脚,正如一位修剪树肢体操纵,以达到预期的效果。重量转移到刚刚继被指称有效果收紧阴道肌肉,随着肌肉的大腿和臀部( 灿烂的拖鞋 1997年) 。
It is important to mention that some debate and are even offended by the erotic stories behind foot-binding. Author, Dorothy Ko, advises people to be cautious in separating what we know to be facts in foot-binding with what is given as facts (' The Body as Attire: The Shifting Meanings of Foot-binding in Seventeenth-Century China' 1997). Readers are cautioned to be aware of where the facts come from and what the intentions may have been. For example, a lot of the information we have comes from those voicing their opposition during the late 1800's or early 1900's. Because we know that their purpose was to end foot-binding, we don't know to what degree they may have gone in their attempts to persuade.We also do not know how much western missionaries may have misunderstood regarding why foot-binding was desirable to the Hans. Instead, the reader is advised to examine the literature and pictorial representations of foot-binding from the days before missionaries entered in the 1800's . It is important to note that she isn't denying that foot-binding occurred on a wide-scale basis over one thousand years, but is questioning the accuracy of things like men being so focused on the size of women's feet for eroticism. One example of something she finds particularly offensive is the arousal of men by the smell of women's bound feet.
这是很重要的一提的一些辩论和,甚至得罪了由春宫背后的故事缠足。作者,阮德徽高,建议人们要格外小心,在分离我们所知道的事实,必须在缠足与什么是鉴于事实( ' 身体装束:转移的意义缠足在第十七世纪中国' 1997 ) 。我们警告读者必须知道那里的事实是来自什么意图,可能已。 举例来说,很多我们的资料来自那些表达他们反对在1800年底或1900年初的。 因为我们知道,他们的目的是为了结束缠足,我们不知道到什么程度,他们可能已经在他们试图说服。 我们也不知道有多少西方传教士可能误解了关于为什么缠足是可取的汉族人。 相反, 建议读者,研究文学和图案交涉的缠足从天前,传教士进入,在1800年的 。这是很重要的注意,她是不否认缠足发生了广泛的大规模的基础上超过千年,但质疑的准确性,同男子一样的东西,正因如此集中于大小妇女的脚为色情。 其中一个例子的东西,她认定,尤其是进攻是觉醒的男子的气味妇女的缠足。
3. Relativity 答:相对论 According to this argument, there is probably not just one main reason why foot-binding occurred for nearly one thousand years. Dorothy Ko believes that foot-binding was "an amorphous practice that meant different things to different people, depending on their positions in ethnic, social, and gender hierarchies" ( Journal of Women's History 1997; p.15). For one mother, this may have meant saving her daughter from a lifetime of being a social outcast and spinsterhood. For another woman, this may have meant pride in expressing her distinction of being a Han after the Manchus conquered Manchuria, Inner Mongolia, Korea, and China by 1644. For one woman, it meant giving her daughter a proper status and avoiding the anger of her husband's wishes. To her husband, it might have meant a promotion and gifts from a boss as he meticulously planned how to give his daughter away as a respectable, obedient concubine ( Wild Swans: Three Daughters of China 1991).But a better question to ask is who was really being satisfied each time a woman bound her daughter's feet?
根据这个论点,有可能是不只是一个主要的原因缠足发生了近千年。 阮德徽柯认为,缠足是一个“无定形的做法,这意味着不同的事情不同的人来说,这取决于他们的立场,在民族,社会和性别等级制度” ( 日报妇女的历史, 1997年;临15 ) 。为一位妈妈,这可能意味着挽救她的女儿从一生被社会抛弃和spinsterhood 。为另一名女子,这可能意味着感到自豪,表达了她的区别,作为一个汉族后,满族征服满洲,内蒙古,韩国和中国的1644年。为一名女子,这意味着给女儿一个适当的地位和避免的愤怒,她的丈夫的意愿。 她的丈夫,它可能意味着促进和礼物,从老板,因为他是经过精心策划如何让他的女儿离开作为一个受尊敬的,听话的妾( 野天鹅:三个女儿对中国 1991年) 。 但更好的问题想问的是,谁是真正满意的,每次一女的约束女儿的脚?
4. Hans Versus Manchus 汉族银两满族 This argues that foot-binding was a sign of loyalty by Hans towards the Ming Dynasty, which ended in 1644. The Ming was the last Han dynasty, which ended with the emperor hanging himself as the Manchus took over. This leads some to believe that foot-binding may have begun as a silent form of protest against the Manchus . 这认为,缠足是一个迹象,忠诚的汉斯对明王朝,结束在1644年。明代是最后的汉代,结束与皇帝上吊自己作为满族接管。这导致一些人认为,缠足可能已经开始作为一种无声的形式的抗议,满族 。