摘要
清官是我国古代特殊的官僚群体。他们廉洁奉公、勤于政事，不畏权贵，爱民如子。受到百姓的爱戴。在清代，康熙朝涌现出众多的清官：大小于成龙（山西老于成龙，汉军于成龙）、汤斌、范承勋、傅拉塔、彭鹏、陈鹏年、张鹏翮、李光地、张伯行、赵申乔、陈?、施世伦等,皆为著称一时的清官。
Upright official is the special bureaucracy colony of ancient China. They are honest in performing their official duties, diligent in the conduct of public affairs, unafraid of nobility, fatherly to the common people, and then loved by the common people. There are many upright officials in the Kangxi period of Qing Dynasty. For instance, the senior and junior YuChenglong, Tangbin, FanChengxun and so on.
清官大多为州县起家的亲民之官，在处理对百姓生活影响最深的刑名与钱谷方面与其他官员有着明显不同。一方面，清官不讳盗，严格追查盗案。遇有百姓犯法，并不滥用酷刑逼供。重视民生，不轻易催科，遇有灾荒，往往向朝廷建议蠲免钱粮，赈济灾民。但另一方面，清官把百姓分为良善之民与刁恶之民，对于民间"健讼成风"的情形严加申斥。相对于诉诸法律，清官更重视教化的作用，希望百姓能够自己调节纠纷。对于在正常年景不按时完粮纳税的百姓，清官认为他们没有尽到自己的义务，不能纵容，而要严惩。总之，清官在处理与百姓身家性命相关的问题时，都会有体恤民情，爱民如子的亲民表现，与那些一味横征暴敛，催科无止的官员形成了鲜明对比，在百姓心目中的地位自然不同。
The majority of upright official are given the promotion from the state or country, have obviously different with other officials when they deal with the legal case and property. In the first place, upright official punish bandits severely but treat the common people who break the law leniently. They concern the life of the common people, advise the government to reduce the tax when the people are hitted by a natural calamity. On the other hand, upright official think the common people are virtuously and treacherously, wish the people could shoulder the responsibility of their own, upright official also punish the people which don’t pay the tax in normal yield. The principle of upright official has benefit to the people in the mass, and the their evaluation given by the people is better than the ordinary official.
清官的风格也大不相同：于成龙推行保甲，对于剿匪稽盗颇有心得；彭鹏，施世伦善于断案，《彭公案》，《施公案》的故事在民间流传很广；而张伯行在处理行政事务上，就不是那么得心应手了。即使是清官，他们良好的愿望与实际能力之间也是存在差距的。
Their governing style is very different: YuChenglong execute Bao-jia system, and he is skilled in suppressing bandits. Pengpeng and ShiShilun is good at settling the lawsuit, but ZhangBoxing is weak in processing the government affairs. Even the upright officials, There is a gap between their good intentions and the actual capacity.
汤斌并未作太多制度，条例的变革，但是对一些具体事务却十分用心。而于成龙四十余岁才出仕，而且起家于广西罗城，在艰难困苦中磨练七年，在处理政事时更加务实，而且勇于任事，敢于对制度进行变革。
清官在处理政事时不会有意的偏袒百姓。他们对下属官员的要求是：贪污纳贿，欺压百姓固不可取；一味偏袒百姓，"违道干誉"也不可行。应该做到秉公持正。清官深受儒家传统思想影响，对于尊卑、等级观念很强。他们不畏权贵，但也强调上下有别。
The upright officials would not biase the common people deliberately when they process the government affairs. They think corruption and tyrannizing are not allowed, but excessive favoritism for the common people is also not approve. They believe that the officials should process affairs impartially. Affected by the Confucian tradition, they attach importance to the ranking notion.
清官的操守毋庸置疑，廉洁奉公是他们共同的特点，否则就不能归入清官这一行列了。有许多关于清官的逸事广泛流传，但对照史料，综合分析，便可知道有些属实，有些则明显夸大其辞。
Their personal integrity is indubitably. Honesty and upright is their common character. There are widespread anecdotes of upright official, but if we analyze the story by the historical material, and we should understand some of these is true, others is exaggerated obviously.
清朝的皇帝乾纲独断，将大权牢牢掌握在手中，清官的所为，常常被视为"沽名干誉"，因此，清官虽然在民间舆论中声誉很好，但他们往往小心谨慎，归功于皇帝。但即使是这样，也免不了被猜疑。
The emperor of Qing dynasty grasp the power forcefully all by himself, the exorbitant prestige of upright official is not advantageous. Therefore, the upright official is prudent frequently, in spite of they are prestigiously among the people. Even so, they are still discredited.
现在对清官赋予了太多的政治含义，其实具体到每一个清官都会有他们各自的特点，他们也有家庭亲情，也有自己的喜怒哀乐。我们应该在特定的历史环境中来看待清官的作用，实事求是，既不能任意夸大，也不能全盘否定。应该根据其一生的事迹，给予清官一个公平的评价。
Now the upright official has been given more and more political implications, but every official has his individual character, they also have their own pleasures and emotions as the common. We should evaluate them in the specific historical circumstances, we should not be exaggerated their sway, as well as can not deny entirely. The fair assessment of them is determined by their deeds of his life.
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