AverageTrueRangeisanindespensabletoolfordesignersofgoodtradingsystems.Itistrulyaworkhorseamongtechnicalindicators.EverysystemstradershouldbefamiliarwithATRanditsmanyusefulfunctions.Ithasnumerousapplicationsincludinguseinsetups,entries,stopsandprofittaking.Itisevenavaluableaidinmoneymanagement.
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ThefollowingisabriefexplanationofhowATRiscalculatedandafewsimpleexamplesofthemanywaysthatATRcanbeusedtodesignprofitabletradingsystems.
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HowtocalculateAverageTrueRange(ATR).
ÈçºÎ¼ÆËãÕæÊµ²¨¶¯·ù¶È¾ùÖµ£¨ATR£©
Range:Thisissimplythedifferencebetweenthehighpointandthelowpointofanybar.
TrueRange:ThisistheGREATESTofthefollowing:
1.Thedistancefromtoday\'shightotoday\'slow
2.Thedistancefromyesterday\'sclosetotoday\'shigh,or
3.Thedistancefromyesterday\'sclosetotoday\'slow
Truerangeisdifferentfromrangewheneverthereisagapinpricesfromonebartothenext.
AverageTrueRangeissimplythetruerangeaveragedoveranumberofbarsofdata.
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TomakeATRadaptivetorecentchangesinvolatility,useashortaverage(2to10bars).TomaketheATRreflectiveof\"normal\"volatilityuse20to50barsormore.
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CharacteristicsandbenefitsofATR.
ATRµÄÌØÕ÷¼°ÆäÒæ´¦
ATRisatrulyadaptiveanduniversalmeasureofmarketpricemovement.
Hereisanexamplethatmighthelpillustratetheimportanceofthesecharacteristics:
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IfweweretomeasuretheaveragepricemovementofCornoveratwodayperiodandexpressthisindollarsitmightbeafigureofabout$500.00.IfweweretomeasuretheaveragepricemovementofaYencontractitwouldprobablybeabout$2,000ormore.IfwewerebuildingasystemwherewewantedtousethesetappropriatestoplossesinCornandYenwewouldbelookingattwoverydifferentstoplevelsbecauseofthedifferenceinthevolatility(indollars).Wemightwanttousea$750stoplossinCornanda$3,000stoplossinYen.Ifwewerebuildingonesystemthatwouldbeappliedidenticallytobothofthesemarketsitwouldbeverydifficulttohaveonestopexpressedindollarsthatwouldbeapplicabletobothmarkets.The$750CornstopwouldbetooclosewhentradingYenandthe$3,000YenstopwouldbetoofarawaywhentradingCorn.
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However,let\'sassumethat,usingtheinformationintheexampleabove,theATRofCornoveratwodayperiodis$500andtheATRofYenoverthesameperiodis$2,000.Ifweweretouseastopexpressedas1.5ATRswecouldusethesameformulaforbothmarkets.TheCornstopwouldbe$750andtheYenstopwouldbe$3,000.
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NowletsassumethatthemarketconditionschangesothatCornbecomesextremelyvolatileandmoves$1,000overatwodayperiodandYengetsveryquietandnowmovesonly$1,000overatwodayperiod.Ifwewerestillusingourstopsasoriginallyexpressedindollarswewouldstillhavea$750stopinCorn(muchtooclosenow)anda$3,000stopinYen(muchtoofarawaynow).However,ourstopexpressedinunitsofATRwouldadapttothechangesandournewATRstopsof1.5ATRswouldautomaticallychangeourstopsto$1500forCornand$1500forYen.TheATRstopswouldautomaticallyadjusttothechangesinthemarketwithoutanychangeintheoriginalformula.Ournewstopis1.5ATRsthesameasalways.
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