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L limiting reactant 反应限度 The reagent that is completely consumed in a reaction and which determines the amounts of products formed. M molarity Mol浓度 The amount of solute (mole) dissolved in one litre of solution. molar mass 摩尔质量 The mass of one mole of a substance, symbol M. It is equal to the relative mass of the substance expressed in grams. molar volume of a gas 气体摩尔体积 The volume occupied by one mole of gas at a particular pressure and temperature; symbol Vm. At standard laboratory conditions, the molar volume of a gas is approximately mole 物质的量 The amount of substance that contains the same number of fundamental particles as there are atoms in molecular formula 分子式 A formula that indicates the actual numbers and kinds of atoms in a molecule. N Neutralisation 中和反应 The reaction of an acid with a base to form a salt and water. O Oxidant 氧化剂 A substance that causes another substance to be oxidised; in the process the oxidant is reduced. Oxidation 氧化 The loss of electrons by a chemical in a reaction. oxidation number 化合价 Numbers that are assigned to elements to determine if a reaction can be classified as a redox reaction. Although they have no physical meaning, the numbers are assigned on the basis of a set of rules assuming that all molecular compounds are composed of ions. oxidation state 氧化态 See oxidation number. oxidising agent 氧化剂 An oxidant. P pH PH值 A measure of acidity; pH =-log10[H3O+]. pH curve PH范围曲线 A plot showing change in pH during a volumetric titration. pipette 移液管 An item of volumetric equipment used to measure and deliver fixed volumes of liquid accurately. precipitate 沉淀物 A solid formed during a reaction in which two or more solutions are mixed. primary standard 主要标准 A substance that is so pure that its amount (in mole) can be determined accurately from its mass. Q qualitative analysis 定性分析 An analysis to determine the identity of the chemicals present in a substance. quantitative analysis 定量分析 A determination of how much of each chemical is present in a substance. R redox reaction 氧化还原反应 A reaction that involves the transfer of electrons from one chemical to another. redox titration 氧化还原滴定 A titration involving a redox reaction. reducing agent 还原剂 A reductant. Reductant 还原剂 A substance that causes another substance to be reduced; in the process the reductant is oxidised. Reduction 还原 The acceptance of electrons by a chemical in a reaction. S spectator ions 旁观离子 Ions that remain in solution and are unchanged in the course of a reaction. Spectator ions are not included in ionic equations. standard laboratory conditions(SLC) 实验室条件下 Conditions at which gas pressure is 1.0 atm (101.3 kPa), the concentrations of dissolved species are standard solution 标准溶液 A solution of known concentration. standard temperature and pressure (STP) 标况 strong acid 强酸 An acid that readily donates hydrogen ions (protons). Strong acids have a large acidity constant, Ka. strong base 强碱 A base that readily accepts hydrogen ions (protons). T titration 滴定 A process used to determine the concentration of a reagent in which one solution is added from a burette to a known volume or mass of another substance. Titre 滴定液体体积 The volume of liquid, measured by a burette, used in a titration. U Uncertainties 不确定因素 Errors associated with measurements made during experimental work. V volumetric analysis 体积分析 Analysis using measurement of volumes, e.g. titration. volumetric flask 容量瓶 A flask used to measure precise volumes of solutions. W water content 含水量 The amount of water in a substance, usually expressed as a percentage by mass. weak acid 弱酸 An acid that donates protons to a limited extent. Weak acids have a small value of the acidity constant, Ka. weak base 弱碱 A base that accepts hydrogen ions to a limited extent. X Y Z |
