none
　　1)可与of连用；2)谓语动词用单或复数；3)具体指什么人或物；4)一般用来回答how many +n,how
　　　much +n及含any+n引起的疑问句。请看：
　　1)None of us have/has seen him.
　　2)——How many students are there in the room? ——None.
　　3)——Is there any water in the thermos? ——None.
　　4)——How much money do you have on you? ——None.
nothing1)指物；2)谓语用单数；3)一般用来回答含anything的一般问句及what引起的特殊问句。请看：
　　1)——What is in the box? ——Nothing.
　　2)——Is there anything in the sky? ——Nothing.
　　3)——Can you see anything without glasses? ——Nothing

先请看下面一道题:
I want some coffee, but there is _______ in the pot.
A. no one B. something C. none D. nothing
很多同学选了D,而正确答案却是C。出现错误的原因是弄不清none与nothing的区别。现请看:
1) none = not any, not one 一点也没有；一个也没有，即数量概念。既可指人，也可指物，代指上文提到的事物，含特指概念。如:
He wants me to lend him some money, but I have none at hand.
他想要我借些钱给他,但我现在手头上一个子儿也没有。（特指前面提到的钱）
They asked for nine books, but there is / are none in the library at
present. 他们需要九本书,但目前图书馆一本都没有。（特指前面提到的书）
2) nothing = not anything, 意为"没有任何东西;什么也没有"，强调内容，只能指物，泛指。如:
He felt hungry, but he could find nothing to eat in the kitchen.
他饿了,但在厨房里他没有找到吃的东西。（泛指所有吃的东西，不是特指某一种）
Nothing in the world is difficult if you put your heart into it.世上无难事,只怕有心人。

二、 none与no one 的用法比较:
1) none作代词时,可以指人,是"一个人也没有"的意思。如:
The war broke out. All the people felt frightened but none had left there. 战争爆发后，人们很惶恐但是没有一个人人离开那儿。
另外,none后常接of短语,of后可接复数可数名词或代词,作主语时,谓语动词用单、复数形式皆可;of后也可接不可数名词,这时谓语动词必须用单数形式。如:
Sorry, but none of us speaks/ speak English. 抱歉!我们没有一个人讲英语。
None of the money on the desk is mine. 桌上的那些钱都不是我的。
注意:none指的是三者或三者以上的人或物中"没有一个";如果指两者中"没有一个"应用neither。

请比较:
There are many apples in the basket, but none of them are fresh.
篮子里有很多苹果,但没有一个是新鲜的。
There are two apples on the plate, but neither of them is fresh.
盘子里有两个苹果,但没有一个是新鲜的。
2) no one= nobody 只指人,“没有人”，不能指物,语气比none强,后面不能接of构成的短语。no one作主语时,谓语动词只能用单数。如:
No one / Nobody likes a person with bad manners. 没有人喜欢不讲礼貌的人。

三、用于简略回答时,none用来回答How many... 或How much....引起的问句以及含"any (one) of+名词"构成的一般疑问句;

no one/ nobody用来回答 Who...问句及含anyone/anybody构成的一般疑问句;

而nothing则用来回答What...问句及含anything构成的一般疑问句。如:
① - How much water is there in the bottle? - None.
② - What's in your hand? - Nothing.
③ - Who will go to the party? - No one/ Nobody.
④ - Did any one of the passengers get injured in the accident? - No, none was injured.
⑤ - Do you have anything else to say for yourself? - No, nothing else.
⑥ - Did anyone want to attend the meeting? - No, no one/ nobody wanted to.

none　　1)可与of连用；2)谓语动词用单或复数；3)具体指什么人或物；4)一般用来回答how many +n, how much +n及含any+n引起的疑问句。

nothing　1)指物；2)谓语用单数；3)一般用来回答含anything的一般问句及what引起的特殊问句。

有这样一个故事：著名心算家阿尔伯特·卡米洛有一天正在做表演，这时有人给他出了一道题：“一辆载着283名旅客的火车驶进车站，有87人下车，65人上车；下一站又下去49人，上来112人；再下一站又下去37人，上来96人；再再下一站又下去74人，上来69人；再再再下一站又下去17人，上来23人……”那人刚说完，心算大师便不屑地答道：“小儿科！告诉你，火车上一共还有……”“不，”那人打断他说，“我是请您算出火车一共停了多少站。”阿尔伯特·卡米洛顿时呆住了，面色难堪，他没想到这人会问这么简单的加减法。

　　他压根就没有考虑过这一点，而恰恰就是他的思维定势让他在这简单的加减法上摔了跟头。

　　其实，同学们平时在做英语单项选择填空时，也常常会受到思维定势负迁移的影响，而忽略了题中已经变化的条件或情境，轻而易举选出“正确答案”，结果往往发现自己错了。

　　下面笔者结合近些年高考题型，就同学们在考试中常常出现的几种类型的思维定势进行剖析，以期对同学们有所帮助。

　　母语的“干扰”

　　由于母语在大脑中根深蒂固，所以常常会对同学们英语学习产生一定的负面影响，形成思维定势，从而使考生在考试中产生错误的判断，尤其在一些习惯表达方式上。

　　例.I'll come to see you if______.

　　A.you're convenient

　　B.it is convenient for you

　　C.you feel convenient

　　D.it is convenient with you

　　[解析]答案为B，但易误选A或C，因为按汉语意思，“如果你方便的话”，易直译为if you are con-venient或if you feel convenient。但事实上，英语中表示“如果你方便的话”，通常说if it is convenient for(to)you。

　　句型须“活用”

　　句型结构是英语学习的基础。同学们在高一、高二年级零零碎碎学过一些句型，但到了高三总复习时，尤其是在考场上如何明辨、活用这些句型又是一个问题。

　　例.—Did Jack come early last night?

　　—Yes.It was not yet eight o'clock_____he arrived home.(05福建卷)

　　A.before B.when

　　C.that D.until

　　[译文]-Jack昨晚回来得很早吗？-是啊，他到家时还不到8点。

　　[解析]考生的思维定势有二：首先，认为是在考查强调句。同学们熟记了强调句型：Itbe+被强调部分+that/who+其余部分。而判断一个句子是否为强调句型，只需将其中的Itis/was和who/that去掉，如果句子结构完整通顺，则是强调句型，否则就可能是其他语法形式。如果选C项，去掉It was和所填的that后，时间状语前缺少介词，句法错误，因此该句不是强调句型，而是状语从句。

　　其次，认为是在考查it…before…句型。It is+时间段+before句型的肯定式表示“过多久…才、就”；否定式表示“不久…才、就”。此题如用before逻辑不符，故答案选B。

　　搭配防“软肋”

　　英语中的固定搭配在高考中举足轻重，就拿一些词组搭配来说，如：look forward to ,devote to,ob-ject to,be used to,stick to ,make use of,lead to ,belong to,refer to,thanks to等，其中的to/of均为介词，后面要跟名词或动名词。而命题者也常常会抓住考生这个思维的“软肋”来设置解题障碍，声东击西。

　　例.He made up his mind to devote his life________pollution________happily.

　　A.to prevent,to live

　　B.to prevent,from living

　　C.to preventing,to live

　　D.to preventing,living

　　[译文]为了过上幸福生活，他下决心阻止污染。

　　[解析]答案为C，易误选B或D。思维定势有二：其一是认为第一空不定式，其实devote…to…(把……奉献给……)中的to是介词，接-ing形式；其二片面认为是pre-vent…(from)doing sth.这个固定搭配，其实第二空是不定式做目的状语，否则逻辑不通。

　　语态莫“被动”

　　动词的被动语态，历年的高考试题都要涉及，尤其是主动的形式表示被动意义是一个难点，也是高考的热点之一。然而命题者却常常利用同学们的定势思维打擦边球，甚至出一些貌似被动语态的题。

　　例.I feel it is your husband who______forthe spoiled child.(02上海卷)

　　A.is to blame B.is going to blame C.is to be blamed D.should blame

　　[解析]sbbeto blame (for)意思是“某人(为……)承担责任;某人该(为……)受责备”。此处不能用被动语态。故答案选A。

　　词法亦“灵活”

　　例.One way to understand thousands of newwords in to gain_____good knowledge of basic word formation.(02上海卷)

　　A./B.the C.a D.one

　　[解析]答案C。knowledge作为抽象名词不可数，一般不加冠词，但当它被形容词修饰表示某方面知识时，抽象名词具体化，可用不定冠词修饰，常用“have/gain a knowledge of…”这一结构。

TEST THREE
1. The manager discussed the plan that they would like to see _____ the next year.
    A. carry out B. carrying out C. to carry out D. carried out
2 One of the methods of introducing foreign genes into a plant is to make use of certain soil bacteria to infect the plant and transfer several of blue genes to the infected plant cells, _____ in high rate of plant cell piston.
    A. results     B. resulting      C. to result D. resulted
3. What he had done is far from _____.
    A. satisfaction   B. satisfactory   C. satisfied D. satisfying
4. Luckily, the bullet narrowly missed the captain _____ an inch.
    A. by B. at C. to D. from
5． The ship sailed _____ Xiamen _____ 30 miles an hour.
    A. for, at     B. to, at C. to, by D. for, by
6. It’s quite warm      January.     
A. in B. for     C. on     D. at
7. The key _____ four modernizations lies _____ the science and education.
    A. to, on B. of, on C. to, in D. of, in
8. What one thinks and feels is mainly _____ traditions, habits and education.
    A. because of    B. due to     C. since D. through
9. Get in touch with them, for they will be anxious _____ news of your arrival.
    A. at B. for     C. about D. to
10. I like the climate here _____ the wind blows .
    A. except when     B. except for         C. except   D. besides
11. They paid their taxes ____ cash.     
A. with   B. by C. in D. for
12. Eggs are sold ____ the dozen.     
A. with   B. for     C. at D. by
13. One should speak dearly and it is the same _____ writing.     
A. such as   B. with   C. in D. as
14. She must have set off for the village the other day, _____ she?
    A. mustn’t   B. didn’t     C. hasn’t     D. hadn’t
15. ____ it with me, then I’ll see what I can do.     
A. when left   B. leaving    C. If you leave D. leave
16. From the city to its satellite town _____ only less than one hundred miles.
    A. are     B. it is    C. there is    D. there are
17. _____ of the family isn’t willing to give up the chance to watch the exciting match.
    A. Any   B. Everybody    C. All     D. Every one
18. _____ to blame him for neglect of duty? The president of the company is his uncle.
A. What good it is     B. How good it is    
C. What good is it     D. How good is it
19. Perseverance is a kind of quality, and that’s _____ it takes to do anything well.
    A. what B. that    C. which     D. why
20. Do _____ you think is right _____ difficulties you may have.
A. what, however       B. That, whatever      
C. whatever, however      D. what, whatever
21. She asked if any of the passengers knew _____ about machines or at least how to drive a car.
    A. anything B. something     C. nothing   D. all
22. We all think that he is stronger _____.
A. than he is looked   B. than he looks like    
C. than he looks       D. than he looked like
23. ____ the weather was fine, I opened all the windows.
    A. Now that B. Since that     C. Because of   D. For
24． The blueprint is to the builder _____ the outline is to the writer.
    A. what B. that    C. as D. and
25. He has an expression of resentment, _____ Martin had made a fool of him.
    A. as B. as though     C. though    D. even though
26. His behavior was _____ we all refused to receive him in our homes.
    A. so that    B. that    C. such that   D. such
27. The museum he paid a visit _____ at the end of the street.
    A. stand     B. stands       C. to stand   D. to stands.
28. The day will come _____ the people all over the world will get rid of poverty.
    A. that    B. how   C. when D. where
29. He is over sixty, but doesn’t look _____.     
A. it B. for it C. as it   D. such
30. Why is it _____ he can’t get along well with his classmates?
    A. /   B. this    C. that   D. it
31. He attended the contest and _____ is more surprising, won a gold medal.
    A. that    B. which     C. what D. it
32. The modern plane is not the machine _____ it was when first invented.
    A. than   B. as C. that   D. what
33. Shanghai is no longer _____ it was fifty years ago.
    A. that    B. which     C. what D. as
34． It is in the room _____my father was born in 1932. _____ I was born.     
    A. where, that   B. that, when    C. that, where   D. where, when
35 _____ wants to may come to the party on Saturday night.
    A. One B. Everyone C. Anyone   D. whoever
36. When I offered to take Jane to the ancient town, she asked what _____ to see there
    A. it was     B. there was C. was   D. was it
37. The parking meters are installed in streets to record and show the time _____ a driver has paid for is finished        
A. when B. if C. after   D. that
38. Intelligence is to some extent _____ one is born with
    A. that    B. of which C. something     D. which
39. Look out! The ceiling _____ l down.
    A. is to fall   B. will fall    C. is going to fall   D. is falling
40. _____ this something, still unseen, they gave the name radium.
    A. With B. By     C. At D. To
41. A new policy formulated, _____.
    A. thus did the economic reform begin     B. thus began the economic reform
    C. thus had the new economic reform began     D. began the economic reform thus
42. It is only when you lose something _____ how much you value it.
A. then you will realize    B. do you realize   
C. that you will realize      D. which you will realize
43 The oil must have been used up, _____ the light went out.
    A. for     B. because   C. since D. as
44. Chicago lies ____ the two rail roads are connected
    A. where B. wherever C. in the place   D. in which
45. Try to guess which _____ the horse _____ to me?
A. is, belongs    B. does, belong C. is, belonging D. is, belonged
TEST THREE
1-5 DBBAA    6-10BCBBA    11-15CDBBC 16-20 BDCAD 21-25ACAAB
26-30 CDCAC 31-35 CCCAD 36-40BDCCD 41-45 ? CAAC
TEST FOUR
1 To test which foods are better for a long journey, the astronauts in Shenzhou VI had as many as 50 dishes ____.
A to choose   B to choose from   C to be chosen   D to be chosen from
2 The machines we use today are much better than ___-we used ten years ago.
A those B ones C which D that
3 Patiently the crazy fans of the Super Girl ____ for two hours, and they would wait till the group of stars arrived.
A were waiting B would wait C had waited D had been waiting
4 Early ____ of a disease can prevent death and illness
A edition B immigration C identification D starvation
5 To his disappointment, the opinion he had struck on ____ wrong.  
A turned out B turning out C was turned out D to be turned out
6 Don’t take his remarks too seriously . He was so sad that I don’t think he really ____ what he was saying.
A knew B knows C was knowing D had known
7 Don’t you know that the famous university is as a matter of fact ____ used to be a church?
A where   B what C which D one
8 Fully ____ looking after three children at home, she no longer has time to enjoy the various activities in the club.  
A attached   B occupied   C contributed D devoted
9 To their great relief , the missing child returned home, _____, after an absence of two weeks.   
A felt tired and sound      B tiring and soundly
C feeling tired but soundly D tired but sound
10 --- What is the building ? --- ______ the garden equipment is stored.
A There is in which   B That’s where  
C The building that    D That’s the building which
11 The long-lasting war, filled with blood and deaths, ended in people’s sadness, ____ no result.    A reached   B to reach   C would reach   D reaching
12--- I saw Dave in the lift this morning. --- Really ? He ____ around here for a long time.
A won’t be seen   B wasn’t seen C hasn’t been seen D hadn’t been seen
13 ---My mother said I can’t go to San’s birthday party on Thursday night. ---_____?
A What if B How about C What come D How come
14 The high-anxiety focus on reading score may have narrowed student ____ to knowledge about the world that can improved their reading.
A idea B aid   C belief   D access
15 As fears of a global pandemic ___ , China is stepping up efforts to keep watch and improve responses to animal and human infection of bird flu.
A rise B will rise C had risen D will have risen
16 ____ in heavy school work , many high school students are told to lock themselves in their studies.
A Buried B Having buried C Being buried D To be buried
17 ____ both sides accept the agreement will a lasting peace be established in this region.
A Only if B Unless C If only   D As long as
18 January 1 is New Year’s Day, a holiday ____ by all the countries in the world.  
A shown B decided C settled D acknowledged
19 My command of English is not _____ yours.
A as half as B so half good as C good as half as D half so good as
20 For additional information about the job please ____ our web site on the internet at www. State. gov or telephone (202)619---5885.
A look into B take part C refer to D call on
21 He _____ have completed his homework; otherwise, he would have been playing football with others.  
A can’t   B mustn’t   C shouldn’t D wouldn’t
22 To many youngsters of today, a computer is ____ a gun is to hunters, as is well known
. A as B like C what D that
23 ---Jack promised to come on time. ---What do you imagine ____ to him then?
A happening B was happening   C has happened D happened
24 ---How long ____ in Hong Kong? --- For just the weekend. I’ll be back next Monday morning.  
A have you stayed   B are you staying C did you stay D do you stay
25 ---Sorry, I can’t go camping with you. I have to get ready for the coming examinations. --- _____! We can do it together next time.
A Yes, you are right.   B You are welcome C No problem D Good luck
26 Always acting in a strange way , Einstein _____ to people around to be mad
. A showed B pretended C appeared D proved
27--- May I take your order? --- Yes, I’d like a cup of coffee, a hot dog and some salad. What about you, Lisa? ----_____.  
A Me, too.   B Same again, please C All the same D The same to you.
28 ____ everything in good order, so she decided to watch TV in the sofa.    A After she had put B Having been put C She had put D Having put
29 The monkey _____ from the tree with his tail around the branch, waving his hand to the tourists.
A hanged himself   B was hung C was hanging D had hanged
30 When the spaceship traveled above , ____ new-looking earth appeared before us , ___ earth that we had never seen before.
A the; the   B a; an C a ; the D the; an
31 The orphan should be sent into the place where he can be taken good care of ___ the law
. A in the name of B by the name of    C named after D with the name of
32 The designers ____ so much work that they couldn’t do it efficiently.
A put on B took on C turned on D took in
33 Quantities of precious jewelry _____ buried _____ in the earth.
A was found; deeply   B were found; deeply
C was found; deep     D were found; deep
34 In business, competition ____ the market by making companies develop new ideas to survive. A disturbs   B controls    c attacks D provides
35 At the meeting,   many speakers urged immediate ____ against the illegal trade.
A condition   B action C decision   D ways
36 ---- How would you like your tea? ----______.
A Very quickly B As it comes, please C Very much D I don’t like tea
37 The comments which he made ____ marketing bothered his boss greatly.
A being concerned B concerned C be concerned D concerning
38 --- Can I borrow your car? --- Well, ----, ______.
A if you must B if you need C if you can D if you should
39 The guitar player was certainly loud, but I wasn’t bothered ____by his loudness ____ by his lack of talent.
A so much, as B more, than C that much, as D \, as well as
40 With ____ that they wanted ____ , they went home.
A what, bought B all, to buy C all , bought D what, to buy
41 He played a trick _____ Jane and he had to apologize ____ treating her _____ a nice lunch.
A on, for , to     B in, by, to   C on, by, to D on. , by, to E on, by, with
42 All Mr. Smith ______ good to his students.
A does, does, does   B does, did, do   C does, does, do D did, do does
43 --- Did you telephone you uncle?    ----Yes, he _____ back before Sunday.  
A was expecting B is expected C is to expected D expected
44 --- Can I get to the fashion show in time ? --- Yes, you can ____ you do not mind taking the night train.   
A provided     B unless    C until   D now that
45 ---- Why do you come late ___ class? ---- Because my mother was late ____ breakfast.    A for, for B to, for   C with, for D to, with
TEST FOUR
1-5BADCA    6-10ABBDB 11-15DDDDA 16-20AAADD 21-25 ACCBD
26-30CACCB 31-35ABDBB 36-40BDAAC   41-45 CCBAD

TEST FIVE
1. --We have ____coffee. Will tea be OK for you? We have some fine Chinese tea.
A. got used to B. got along with C. been used up D. run out of
2. --Why did you come to the Internet bar to browse something you didn’t like?
--I wouldn’t like___, but my friend insisted.
A. having come B. to have come C. to come D. coming
3. --In the final days of____2012 Olympic bid, Paris is regarded as ____main challenger of London.
A. the , a B. the, the C. \, a D. the, \
4. --The Olympic Games, first celebrated in Athens in 1986, ___every four years so far , except during the two world wars.
A. are held B. were held C. have been held D. had been held
5. --They don’t have much in their house yet.
--____they are planning to live here only until Bob gets his degree, they don’t want to buy much furniture.
A. Since   B. While   C. Although   D. As long as
6. –The long lasting war, filled with blood and deaths, ended in people’s sadness, ___ no result.
A. reached   B. to reach C. to be reaching D. reaching
7. –It was a terrible moment for all the citizens this month, ___ the deadly explosion tore through the London Underground.
A. that B. which C. when D. while
8. –About 698, 000 laptops were sold in China in ____ second quarter , ____12. 1 percent increase from a year ago.
A. a, a B. the, a   C. the, the D. a, the
9. -The cruelty of the terrorists towards foreigners and ___ of the terrorists towards London last month, filled everyone with horror.
A. those B. one C. that D. it
10. - Many China airline companies had intended to get much from the business, but it___ so bad.
made out B. turned out C. went out D. carried out
11. —It ___how long the shock that explosions hit London transport system will stay in people’s hearts.
A. abandons B. considers C. matters D. minds
12. —Did you know more about the mine accident?
--Oh, sorry, I had no idea. I ___ the Rescue Center now.
will be phoning B. am to phone C. will phone D. phone
13. --___ with special guns, knives and brushes, two spacewalking astronauts practiced fixing the spacecraft.
Armed B. Arming C. Being armed D. Having armed
14. —The government should think about the medical reform again and take measures to improve it.
--___. The medical services and efficiency are not good at the moment.
You’re refusing me B. I can’t agree more C. That’s all right D. Go ahead please
15. —According to ___ official survey conducted by some department, large ice cream producers usually have ___better production record.
an, the B. \, a C. an, a D. the, the
16. —Why was our foreign expert unhappy yesterday?
--News about the terrorist explosions in London ___ an attack of homesickness.
set up B. set out C. set about D. set off
17. —I haven’t seen ___ of her films, but judging from the one I have seen I think she’s a promising actress.
any B. both C. none D. either
18. —Do you have any blouses in yellow?
   --Sorry, we don’t. What about this cream color? It ____ well with almost anything.
   A. goes B. puts C. does D. gets
19. —Good ways of doing things means savings time , and ___ it is important for us t find them.
   A. otherwise B. however C. besides D. therefore
20. —Jack, my bike was stolen yesterday, could you lend me yours?
   --____.
Help yourself B. Of course, I could C. Never mind D. Don’t
mention it
21. —Facts prove that the world’s economic development is not a win-lose game but one in which all ___be winners.
can B. shall C. must D. would
22. —The man ___ of shooting 16 schoolchildren was returned to Anhui Province police on Friday following his arrest by Beijing police, the Xinyua News Agency reported on Friday.
suspected B. suspecting C. being suspected D. to be suspected
23. —Scientists photographed for the first time ever ___wild gorillas used a stick to test the depth of a pool before getting into it, according to a recent study.
which B. what C. that D. when
24. —There is no bus now, and we can’t get home ___by taxi.
rather than B. other than C. more than D. less than
25. —It ____ quite correct that happiness comes from thinking about things in a positive way.
A . has turned out B. has been turned out C. is turning out D. is turned out
26. —In the 19th century the government ___ land to settlers willing to take care of it.
A. advocated B. separated   C. divided D. distributed
27. —Can I help you, sir?
   --Yes, please. Do you have any books on cooking?
   --There are only a few, ______.
if any B. if have C. if some D. if do
28. —Is Tom coming to our evening party?
   --He should, but he ____ not. It’s said that he’s setting out early tomorrow to New York.
   A. must B. can C. need D. may
29. —Ba Jin, for ____ experiences were adventurous and unforgettable, was an old man always telling the truth.
whom B. whose C. that D. which
30. --_____the president spoke in a nationally televised press conference about the terror threat, he refused to give details.
Since B. Until C. Although D. While
31. —According to ____ announcement by Guangzhou Price Bureau, ____ new measures which have been taken recently are expected to cut the operation costs of each taxi driver by 1280 yuan.
the, \ B. an, the C. \, the D. an, \
32. —How are you getting along with your study in the university?
---I ___ off to a bad start, but I’m used to it.
   A. had got   B. was getting C. got D. have got
33. —I want to be more active and make more friends in the new term.
   --Good. ____on the time you spend surfing the Internet then.
   A. Set down B. Turn down C. Take down D. Cut down
34. —Mr. Zhang, a 61-year-old official, _____ for frankly expressing his views, has been in the education ministry for 26 years.
being known B. known C. knowing D. to be known
35. ---My brother likes eating very much , but he isn’t very ____ about the food he eats.
special B. particular C. unusual D. especial
36. ---After the Shenzhou VI capsule touched down, two astronauts succeeded in traveling around the earth, thus again ___ China is a global space power.
proving B. to prove C. to have proved D. being proved
37. —Jim was not ____ to the club, because at that time he was not a member of it.
   A. allowed B. permitted C. admitted D. promoted
38. —Have you heard the news about the explosion?
   --Yes, actually I got it on TV last night . I ___ TV for almost one week.
haven’t watched B. didn’t watch C. hadn’t watched D. don’t watch
39. --____world’s largest retailer , Wal-Mart, opened its ____ third store in Beijing yesterday, which means the firm now has 52 stores in China.
   A. The, a   B. A, a   C. The, the   D. The, \
40. —In time of social reform, people’s state of mind tends to keep ____ with the rapid changes of society.
A．step B. touch C. progress D. pace
41. —Speaking in a press conference, Prime Mister declined to give details of the threat, ____ he said the government received last week.
A．that B. what C. which D. where
42. —Tom has missed yesterday’s class, so ____ one example is necessary to get him to grasp this rule clearly.
rather than B. other than C. more than D. less than
43. —Most children with healthy appetites are ready to eat almost anything that is offered and a child rarely dislikes food ____ it is badly cooked.
   A. if   B. until   C. that   D. unless
44. —When did the Chinese astronauts make their second trip in Shenzhou VI to the space?
   --In about mid-October, and they ___ there for more than 110 hours.
stayed B. were staying C. had stayed D. has stayed
45. —The local health organization is ____ to have been set up 25 years ago and Dr. Audon became its first president.
A. resigned B. advocated C. reported D. balanced
TEST FIVE
1-5DBBCA     6-10DCBCB   11-15CCABC   16-20DBADA   21-25AACBA
26-30DADAC 31-35BCDBB   36-40ACCDD 41-46CCDAC

    单项选择考查的知识点主要包括名词、代词、冠词、形容词和副词、动词短语、动词时态及语态、非谓语动词、情态动词、虚拟语气、定语从句、名词性从句、状语从句、强调句型、倒装句、省略和情景交际等。近年来单选的题干内容越来越贴近生活，语言更加灵活。它既要求考生对英语语法知识、词语知识的记忆、理解、掌握和运用能力，又要求根据题干所给的语境条件进行分析、对比，灵活地运用各项英语基础知识。因此要做好单项选择题，考生除了在平时的学习中做好基础知识的积累外，还需要掌握一定的答题技巧，提高答题的准确率。下面我想结合同学们遇到的一些典型习题做些分析，希望能给同学们一些启发。
-理解句意，整体把握
　　在做题时，一定要通读全句，理解整句话要表达的意思，切忌在没有弄懂句意的情况下，根据只言片语，以偏概全，盲目做题。例如：
　　The number of students admitted annually to this school _____ from more than 1, 000 in the year 2000 to some 2, 000 last year.
　 A. increases　B. has increased
C. is increasing　D. increased

　　答案：B。有很多同学会误选D，因为他们没有看懂原文，只是把last year看作了时间状语。其实这句话要表达的意思是“这个学校每年录取的学生数已由2000年的1000人增加到了去年的2000人。”强调的是对现在造成的影响，应该用现在完成时。而题干中的last year并非时间状语，而是定语。
　　-注意语境，捕捉句子中暗含信息
　　近年来，单项选择淡化了对所谓“纯”语法和“纯”词汇的考查，而是设置特定的语境对语法和词汇进行考查，这样，准确了解语境信息就成为成功解答语境单选题的钥匙，而语境信息在题干中可以是单词、短语或完整的句子。例如：
　　----I stayed at a hotel while in New York.
　　----Oh，did you？You _____ with Barbara.
　　A. could have stayed　B. could stay　C. would stay　D. must have stayed
答案：A。本小题的命题思维角度极佳，不定冠词a为语境信息词而并非定冠词“the”，只有通过不定冠词a对整个题干的准确理解才不至于误选干扰性极大的D项，试想一下“我在纽约时住在(任何)一家旅馆”与“你一准儿和芭芭拉住在一起”的概率有多大？反之“我在纽约时住在这家旅馆”，“哦，是吗？那么你一准儿和芭芭拉住在一起”才可以是顺理成章的事实。

　　-分析句子结构，明确句子成分
　　分析句子结构，明确句子成分特别是选项在句子中所充当的成分，有时对于我们选择正确答案是很必要的。在分析过程中，要特别留意标点符号，句子中的and，but，or等并列连词和从属连词，从而判断出这是一个简单句、并列句，还是主从复合句。例如：
　　At last，we found ourselves in a pleasant park with trees providing shade and ____ down to eat our picnic lunch.
　　A. sitting　B. having sat　C. to sit　D. sat
　　答案：D. 很多同学选A，把选项看作了伴随状语。其实，选项前有一个很关键的词“and”，从而可以判断选项部分与“found”平行，构成了并列谓语，因此D才是正确答案。
　　-细心观察，注意相似句型之间的差别
　　通过初、高中知识的积累，同学们掌握了大量的句型，其中有些句型看上去极其相似，同学们在解题时必须细心审题，加以辨别，找出所考查的句型。例如：
　　____is　well　known　that　he　is　good　at　math　in　our　class.
　　____is well known，he is good at math in our class.
　　____is well known is that he is good at math in our class.
　　A. What　B. This　C. It　D. As
　　答案：C；D；A。这三句话表达的是同一个意思，但却用了不同的句型。第一个句子中It为形式主语，而that he is good at math in our class为真正的主语；而第二个句子中，同学们要注意中间的逗号，是由“as”引起这个非限制性定语从句，它的先行词是后面的一整句话，意思是“正如大家都知道的”。第三个句子可是一个“主系表”结构的句子，意思是“大家都知道的事是在我们班他擅长数学”，英语中“…的事情”用一个词来表示就是“what”，在此引导一个主语从句。

-留意日常交际用语
　　高考中经常会考查日常交际用语方面的内容，因此同学们在学习中，要注意积累了解两个不同民族的交际习惯，熟悉中、英两种文化的差异，掌握各种情景中交际应酬的用语，避免汉语式英语。例如：
　　(2005重庆)
　　--We missed you at this morning's meeting，Diana.
　　--______，but if I hadn't had to meet a friend，I would have been there.
　　A. Me，too
　　B. I'm sorry
　　C. Never mind
　　D. Thank you
　　答案：B。I'm sorry，but…是很地道的英语，其中but用在表示歉意的话后，引起一个句子，并无实际意义。而同学们却受到汉语习惯的影响，认为有“but”就必须存在转折的语气，以至于错过了正确答案。
　　-注意排除思维定势的干扰
　　在复习过程中，同学们已经做了大量习题，因此对有些看似熟悉的题目产生了思维定势。当题干略有变化时，不能随机应变，而是凭老经验办事，结果造成错误。例如：
　　(2006天津)
　　--I'm thinking of the test tomorrow. I'm afraid I can't pass this time.
　　----_____！I'm sure you'll make it.
　　A. go ahead　B. Good luck
　　C. No problem　D. cheer up
　　答案：D。很多同学在看到题干“我正在考虑明天的考试”，就很自信地选择了B“祝你好运”。再看以下后半部分题干“我担心不能通过”，显然，这道题的题干表示的是“说话人的担心、忧虑”，而不是简单陈述一件事实“我明天参加考试。”，因此答语中要求的已不是大家熟悉的祝愿的话，而应该是“安慰的话”“振作点！我认为你能行。”
TEST ONE
1. They ______ on the program for almost one week before I joined them, and now we _____on it as no good results have come out so far.
A. had been working; are still working    B. had worked; were still working
C. have been working; have worked      D. have worked; are still working
2. It would be a good idea to use a plastic bottle, ___cut off, as a container to grow young plants in.
A. of which the top      B. the top is      
C. the top of which      D. with its top
3. ______ is it _____ has made Peter _____ he is today?
A. What; that; that   B. That; that; what  
C. What; what; that   D. What; that; what
4. Before he went abroad，he spent as much time as he _____ English.
A. could learning   B. learned   C. to learn   D. could learn
5. The person we talked about ____ our school last week．
A．visiting   B．will visit    C．visited    D．has visited
6. Not far from the club there was a garden, ____ owner seated in it playing bridge with his children every afternoon.  
A. whose    B. its    C. which    D. that
7. You should treat him (in) the way ____ suits him most.
A. that      B. in which     C. /    D. why
8. He is a strict but kind-hearted father, ____ the children respect but are afraid of.
A. /     B. that   C. for whom    D. one whom
9. --- You haven’t been to Beijing, have you? --- _____. And how I wish to go there again!
A. Yes, I have    B. Yes, I haven’t    
C. No, I have     D. No, I haven’t
10. Not only ______the jewelry she ____been sold for her son’s gambling debts but also her house.
A. is； has    B. has； had   C. has； has    D. 不填； has
11. We should do more such exercises in the future，I think，_____ those we did yesterday.
A. as   B. like     C. about     D. than
12. He will tell you _____ he expects will win such a match.
A. why   B. whom    C. which    D. who
13. Who would you rather ______ the report instead of you？
A. have write    B. have to write   C. write   D. have written
14. Who would you rather ______ you repair your CD player?
A. help    B. helped    C. helping    D. to help
15. We’ll be free tomorrow，so I suggest ______ to the history museum.
A. to visit    B. visiting   C. we should visit    D. a visit
16. I like swimming，while what my brother enjoys ______.
A. cooking    B. to cook    C. is cooking     D. cook
17. — How long have you been here？ — ______ the end of last month，
A. In     B. By     C. At      D. Since
18. ______ nice，the food was all eaten up soon.
A. Tasting    B. Taste    C. Tasted     D. To taste
19. He was sentenced to death ______ what he has stolen from the bank.
A. that     B. since    C. because     D. because of
20. —What do you think of the concert?
—I really enjoy it. I didn’t expect it was ____ wonderful.
A. as     B. more     C. most      D. very
21. I have no dreams ____ to have a happy life.
A. rather than   B. more than    C. other than     D. less than
22. —Ms Lin looks rather a kind lady.   —But in fact she is cold and hard on us. You ____believe it!
A. shouldn’t   B. wouldn’t    C. mustn’t     D. needn’t
23. I’d try even if I may fail ___ __ sit there worrying in time of trouble.
    A. rather than     B. other than       C. more than    D. less than
24. He ran as fast as he could _____ to catch the bus.
　　A. hope     B. to hope　    C. hoping    D. hoped
25. He had a lot of friends, none of _____ could lend him any money.
　　A. whom        B. them 　     C. which　    D. who
26. I met several people there, two of _____ being foreigners.
　　A. whom　 B. them　 C. who　 D. which
27. She may have missed the train, in _____ case she won't arrive for another hour.
　　A. whose　    B. that       
C. which　    D. what
28. According to the rules, students must not _____ their books during examinations.
　　A. read　    B. watch       C. notice　    D. look at
29. _____ with a good education can apply for the job.
　　A. Who　    B. Whoever 　   C. Anyone 　   D. Who ever
30. _____ seen smoking here will be fined.
A. Who　B. Whoever　C. Anyone D. Who ever
31. ___ smoking here will be fined.
A. Who   B. Whoever   C. Anyone   D. Who ever
32. Is there a shop around _____ we can buy some toilet articles?
　　A. that 　    B. which       C. where　    D. what
33. After ____ seemed like hours he came out with a bitter smile.
　　A. which 　   B. it      C. what　    D. that
34. The judge paid no attention to _____ he had just lost his wife.
　　A. that　    B. which　   
C. what　     D. the fact that
35. They own two cars, not to _____ a motorbike.
　　A. speak       B. say     C. talk        D. mention
36. I think he is _____ to win, but I'm not sure.
　　A. possible        B. likely       C. impossible        D. certain
37. It is so difficult a problem that _____ student in this class _____ work it out.
　　A. any, can't        B. no, can   
C. every, can          D. no, can't
38. The problem is not _____ easy. Think _____ over.
　　A. such, it             B. that, it   
C. so, 不填        D. that，不填
39. Little Jim is going to spend his holiday in Paris, _____ lives his uncle.
　　A. which         B. who   
C. where        D. that
40. Good luck to you, and _____ all your wishes come true!
　　A. can         B. may       C. must         D. should
41. _____ when one loses freedom does one know its value.
　　A. Just         B. Only     
C. Even        D. Ever
42. He was in great need of money, so he _____ $5, 000 for his car.
　　A. paid        B. took       C. cost        D. spent
43. They weren't a particularly good team, but they refused to give in and _____ defeat.
　　A. accept        B. accepted    C. accepting       D. to have accepted
44. Mother told Jim to watch the milk until it boiled and then _____ off the gas.
　　A. turn        B. turning      
C. turned        D. having turned
45. “Have you seen _____ pen? I left it here this morning. ” “Is it _____ black one?
I think I saw it somewhere. ” 　
A. a, the      B. the, the      C. a, a      D. the, a

参考答案：
TEST ONE
1-5 ADDAC     6-10BADAC   11-15 DDABD   15-20 CDADA   
21-25 CBACA   26-30 BCDCC 31-35 CCCDD   36-40 BBBCB
41-45BBAAC

TEST TWO       
1. The advertisements in newspapers help to cut the _____ of making the newspaper.
    A. price B. pay    C. costs D. value
2. The _____ of the exam nation show that you have all made great _____.
A. result, progress       B. results, progress   
C. results, progresses     D. results, progresses
3. I love _____ history because it gives us _____ knowledge of past event.
    A. the, a B. / , a   C. / , /    D. a, the
4. Parents complain that _____ shown on TV will have bad influence on high
school students’ moral _____.
    A. too much violence, behaviours    B. too much violence, behaviour
    C. too many violences, behaviour    D. too many violences, behaviours
5. A box of _____ is a most welcome gift for one’s lover on Valentine’s Day.
    A. chocolate     B. chocolates    C. some chocolate D. the chocolates
6. The 1930s were the year when he wrote one _____ after another, and when his first
    collection of _____ was published.
    A. poem, poetry B. poetry, poem C. poem, poem D. poetry, poetry   
7. In this research, two are _____, and the others are _____.
    A. Swisses, Germans B. Swiss, Germen    C. Swisses, Germen D. Swiss, Germans
8. It was estimated that the thieves had stolen _____ worth of jewelry from the shop.
A. one-million-dollar    B. one million dollar’s   
C. one million dollars’    D. one million dollars
9. I called at _____ several times this morning, but nobody answered the door, where
    would she have gone?
    A. Mary B. Mary’s     C. the Mary D. the Mary’s
10. A. The apartment isn’t within _____ of the subway station as its advertiser has claimed
    it is.
A. a stone’s throw   B. the throw of a stone   
C. stone’s throw    D. a stone throw
11. He left _____ with my secretary that he would call again in the afternoon. He said he
    would keep _____.
A. words, his words B. word, his word   
C. word, word        D. the word, his word
12. “All _____ present and all _____ going on well. ” our monitor said.
    A. is, is B. are, are    C. are, is     D. is, are
13. Yesterday the League secretary and monitor _____ asked to make a speech at the meeting.
    A. is B. was    C. are     D. were
14. He played on the _____ for 2 hours and when he returned he found half his goods   _____ stolen.
    A. sand, were   B. sand, was     C. sands, were   D. sands, was
15. About 40 _____ of the population of that country _____ on farms.
A. percent, lives     B. percent, live
C. percents, live     D. percents, lives
16. Every boy and every girl _____ to attend the evening party.  
    A. wish B. wishes     C. hope D. wishing
17. A series of meetings _____ about the best way to market the new product
    A. are held B. were held     C. was held D. have been held
18. Mother wrapped the baby, who was _____, in a blanket gently.
    A. fast sleep B. sleeping fast C. fast asleep    D. slept fast
19. What a _____ boy! I don’t know what to do with him.
    A. tiresome B. tired C. tire    D. tiredly
20. The dog didn’t seem to smell _____, for it didn’t even smell the meat, which appeared
    so _____.
A. well, sweetly     B. good, sweet
C. well, sweet      D. good, sweetly
21. -- What caused the failure of the experiment?    -- _____.
A. Because of shortage of fund B. For lack of fund   
C. Lack of fund               D. Due to lack of fund
22. A cracked bell can never sound _____.
    A. good B. well   C. nice   D. clear
23. We might not contact the rescue team. _____, the rescue team itself might get lost.
    A. Still worse    B. bad still   C. Badly still     D. Worse still
24. There is a tradition of having a family dinner at home on lunar New Year’s Eve.
    _____, however, the custom has changed.
    A. Late   B. Later C. Lately     D. Latter
25. The farmers were sure that fresh water lay ___ in the earth, so they dug ___ to find it.
A. deeply, deeply    B. deep, deeper
C. deeply, deeper    D. deep, more deeply
26. The price was _____ within the reach of the average household.
    A. fairly B. all C. well   D. very
27. When I got home I saw a message pinned to the door ____ “Sorry to miss you, will call you later. ”
    A. read   B. reading    C. reads D. to read
28. In such dry weather, the flowers will have to be watered if they _____.
    A. have survived    B. are to survive     C. would survive    D. will survive
29. __ Is this raincoat yours?    -- No, mine _____ there behind the door, .
    A. is hanging    B. has hung C. hangs D. hung
30. Obviously, he _____ a bad cold. He coughs all the time.
    A. has    B. is having C. will have D. was
31. He seized me by the hand and _____ let me go.
    A. does not B. did not    C. would not     D. had not
32. --- One of you will have to go there besides me.
    --- Who would you rather _____ there with you. Tom or I?
    A. have to go    B. to go C. went D. go
33. Criticism and self-criticism _____ necessary _____ it helps us to correct mistakes.
    A. is, in that     B. are, in that    C. is, in which D. are, at that
34. Robert is said _____ abroad, but I don’t know what country he studied in.
    A. to have studied B. to study   C. to be studying    D. to have been studying
35. The lady said she would buy a gift for her daughter with the _____.
A. 20 dollars remained   B. 20 dollars to remain
C. remained 20 dollars   D. remaining 20 dollars
36. _____ a reply, he decided to write again.    
A. Not receiving         B. receiving not   
C. Not having received    D. Having not received
37. Have you ever stopped _____ how our life _____ if the world ran out of oil?
    A. to think, would change    B. thinking, would change
    C. to think, will change    D. thinking, should change
38. His mind _____, little tom missed the point.
    A. wandered     B. was wandering   C. was wandered   D. wandering
39. He spoke English so well _____ by us all.
A. to be praised     B. as to be praised   
C. for being praised D. that was praised
40 Whom would you rather _____ with you, John or me?
    A. got go   B. to have gone    C. have go D. go
41. _____ him speak English so fluently, and you would think him an American.
    A. Hearing   B. Hear C. Heard   D. Having heard
42. There is a crowd of people in front of the house over there. What do you suppose _____ there?
    A. is happened     B. has happened    C. happening   D. to have happened
43. I don’t like _____ speaking ill of each other.
A. Jack and Henry     B. Jack’s and Henry’s    
C. Jack and Henry’s D. Jack’s and Henry
44. The electricity ____, the light went out.   
    A. cut off    B. having cut off    C. was cut off D. had cut off
45. The subjects we have at school _____biology.
A. including B. include    C. included D. to include

TEST TWO
1-5CBBBB    6-10 ADCBA     11-15BCBCB    16-20 BCCAC
21-25CBDCB 26-30 CBBAA    31-35 CCAAD   36-40 CADBC
41-45 BBAAB

This steel construction was designed by Gustave Eiffel for the Paris Exhibition of 1889. However, once the Exhibition was over, people decided they wanted the tower to stay. When it was erected, at 300 metres, it was the world's tallest construction, and now it is one of the world's most famous landmarks. It weighs 7,000 tons, and every 7 years it is painted with 50 tons of paint! There are 1,652 steps to the top, but there is also a lift. On a very clear day you can see 67 km from the top.

The Parthenon

The Parthenon was built between 447 BC and 432 BC by order of Pericles. The architects of this temple to the Virgin (Parthena) Athena were Iktino and Kallikrates. It was built in the Doric style, and was afterwards decorated with sculptures by Phidias. It is just under 70 metres long and over 30 metres wide, is built with 13,400 white marble stones and has 46 columns around it. It is the paradigm of classical Greek architecture, perfect in its proportions. It was destroyed a number of times and rebuilt, but its final destruction was in the Venetian-Turkish war in 1687, when an explosion reduced it to the "skeleton" we see today. Many of its most beautiful sculptures were removed by Lord Elgin and, controversially, are to be seen in the British Museum in London.

The Sagrada Familia

Meaning "The Holy Family", this church was designed by the architect Antonio Gaudi (1852–1926). Gaudi and other "modernist" architects transformed Barcelona between 1880 and 1920, with a series of beautiful buildings. The Sagrada Familia was begun in 1882 by another architect, with Gaudi taking over in 1883. Its plan is a Latin Cross with five aisles. The three facades each have 4 spires, then there is another central spire surrounded by another four small ones, all symbolic of the Christian religion. Work stopped after Gaudi's death in 1926, and only started again in 1940. It is still continuing today.

The Uffizi Palace

Literally meaning "The Offices", this gallery was the administrative and judicial centre of the Medicis, who were the ruling family in Florence during the Renaissance. It was designed and built by Giorgio Vasari in 1560 and finished 20 years later. It was the Medicis who had the most beautiful buildings constructed, and brought the best artists of the time to Florence to produce paintings and sculptures. These days the Uffizi holds an unrivalled collection of paintings, with works by all the major Italian artists such as Botticelli and Michelangelo.