CHAPTER 8

SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
科技

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编者提示:

科技类是笔试中阅读和听力中的一大话题．科普类在口试的口译中偶有出现．

SECTION I: 英译中

2D (Two dimensional graphics images and animated images)     平面
3D (Three dimensional graphics images and animated images)   三维
3D Rendering    三维渲染

A

aerial top dressing    [ ]   空中施肥
advanced technology    先进技术
analog electronic technology [ ]   模拟电子技术
animation [ ] n. 动画片
AOL (America Online)      美国在线
Apple Corporation 苹果公司
artificial intelligence (AI) n. 人工智能
[详析] A field of science that has attempted to improve computers by trying to incorporate characteristics of human intelligence, such as the ability to understand natural language and to perform reasoning under certain conditions of uncertainty.
artificial life (AL or Alife) n. 人工生命
    [详析] New discipline that studies "natural" life by attempting to recreate biological phenomena from scratch within computers and other "artificial" media. Alife complements the traditional analytic approach of traditional biology with a synthetic approach in which, rather than studying biological phenomena by taking apart living organisms to see how they work, one attempts to put together systems that behave like living organisms. ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange computer character set)     美国信息交换标准码
ATM (Automatic Teller Machines) 自动柜员机
audio card   n. 声卡
audio conference   n. 音频会议; 电话会议

B

Biotechnology n. 生物工程
Application which involves the deliberate manipulation of the DNA molecules, the substance within cells that carries the "recipe" for the organism and is inherited by offspring from parents.
B2B and B2C 企业对企业（商家对商家），及企业对消费者的电子商务
bandwidth [ ]   带宽
bar codes n. 条形码
[详析]Alternate standards for marking products or other items for reading by laser beams
BBS (Bulletin Board Systems) 公告板系统，论坛
bookmark n. 电子书签
browser n. 浏览器
bullet train n. 子弹头列车

C

cache memory [ ] n. 高速缓冲存储器
caller ID display 来电显示
camcorder [ ]   n. 便携式摄像机
CD Burning 光盘刻录
CDMA/TDMA 码分多址 (一种扩频多址数字式通信技术 )
[详析] Code Division Multiple Access and Time Division Multiple Access dual-mode cellular telephones that aid in the receiving of fax and computer network data on computers and PDAs.
CD-RW or CD-Rewritable 可重刻
chat lines or chat rooms   n. 聊天室
CPU (Central Processing Unit)   n. 中央处理器
cyberspace [ ] n. 电脑空间
conductor   n.导体
convection n. 对流
cortex [ ] n. 大脑皮层
cryonics [ ] n. 人体冷冻法
   [详析] a branch of science that aims to develop reversible suspended animation.
cutting-edge n. 优势；前沿，极其重要的状态或位置

D
database n. 数据库
desktop videoconferencing [ ]   n.（桌面）视频会议
dial-up connection   n. 拨号连接
Digital Video (DV) / Camcorder   n. 数码摄像机
distance education (DE) n. 远程教育

E, F
E–Learning (or Web-based training)    n. 电子学习
encryption [ ] n. 加密
firewall   n. 防火墙
Flash 由macromedia公司推出的交互式矢量图和 Web 动画的标准
frontier science and technology   科技发展前沿
FTP (File Transfer Protocol used for downloading files on the Internet) 文件传输协议
genetic engineering n. 遗传工程
    [详析] the process of transferring DNA from one organism into another that results in a genetic modification; the production of a transgenic organism

H, I
hacker (phreaker)   n. 黑客，骇客
hard drive   n. 硬盘驱动器
hemisphere [ ] n.大脑半球
high scientific and technological content 科技含量高
home page n. 主页
insulator [ ] n. 绝缘体
interactive television (ITV)   n. 互动电视
IBM= International Business Machines Corporation 美国国际商用机器公司
internet surfing [ ] n. 网上冲浪
internet   n. 互联网
intranet [ ] n. 局域网
ISO (International Organization for Standardization) 国际标准化组织

J,K, L
joystick [ ] (电脑游戏等) 操纵杆
[详析]A remote control device that can be used in place of a keyboard or a mouse to allow for interactions between a computer and its user. Joysticks are commonly used for computer games and usually connect through a serial port.   
jukebox [ ] n. 自动点唱机
Kiosk   [ ] n. 多功能信息商亭
[详析]A multimedia display system such as those used in marketing displays at conferences and in stores
LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) 液晶显示器

M
Mac (Macintosh) [ ] n. 苹果机
maglev train (magnetic levitation train) [ ] n. 磁悬浮
manned spaceflight     n.   载人航天飞行
MD (minidisk) n. 小型磁盘
MIDI (Musical Instrument Digital Interface) n. 迷笛，数码音乐
microcircuit [ ] n. 微电路
modem [ ] n. ‘猫’，调制解调器
multimedia n. 多媒体
[详析]The ability to combine audio, visual, and possibly other types of hardware into a presentation
molecular science    n. 分子科学

N
natural sciences n.   自然科学
nerd [ ] n. 不善社交、专心致志搞科研或精于科研的人；书呆子
    [详析] A person with no social skills, usually obsessed with science or technology (geek is more computer specific). Nerds are known for their pocket protectors, taped glasses, and plaid shirts. Many nerds are also geeks, using the net as a safe screen to hide behind while practicing their social skills.
neuron [ ] n. 神经元
new and high technology industries      n. 高新技术产业
notebook computer n. 笔记本电脑

O,P
Omega point [ ] n. 欧米伽点
[详析] a possible future state when intelligence controls the universe totally, and the amount of information processed and stored goes asymptotically towards infinity.
P2P (Peer to Peer Networking)    n. 对等网络
PC (Personal Computer)    n. 个人电脑
PDA (Personal Digital Assistant)    n. 个人数字助理，掌上电脑
Pentium   [ ] 奔腾, Intel公司生产的CPU芯片
Plug and play    即插即用
Plug-in   n. 插件
PPP (PowerPoint presentation)    PowerPoint幻灯片讲座
plastic beauty n. 人造美女
plastic surgery   n. 整形手术
posthuman   n. 后人类
[详析] self-programming, self-constituting, potentially immortal, unlimited individuals of unprecedented physical, intellectual, and psychological powers.
pseudo-science [ ]   n.            伪科学

R,S
RAM (Random Access Memory)   n. 随机存贮器，内存
remote control   v./n. 遥控
robotics [ ] n. 机器人技术
[详析] the engineering field that builds machine with the cognitive abilities necessary to interact with the real, physical world.
research achievements   n. 科技成果
research institutions   n.科研院所
semi-conductor [ ]n. 半导体
soil and pasture management n. 土壤和草场管理
streaming media   n. 流媒体
synchronous [ ] adj. 同步
scanner   n. 扫描仪
screen capturing   n. 截屏
search engine   n. 搜索引擎

t
technological innovation   n. 科技创新
telecommunication   n. 电迅
teleconference [ ] 远程电信会议
[详析] A telephone communication in which more than two people are simultaneously connected so they can exchange verbal comments as if they were in the same room having a face-to-face conference.
touchscreen   n. 触摸屏
tablet computer   n. 平板电脑
tissue   n. (生物) 组织

U
URL (Uniform Resource Locator)    互联网上的信息资源定位系统
ubiquitous computer [ ] n. 无处不在的网络
[详析] also known as "embodied virtuality". Computers that are an integral, invisible part of people's lives. in some ways the opposite of virtual reality, in which the user is absorbed into the computational world.
virtual community [ ] n. 虚拟社区
[详析] a community of persons not located in close physical proximity but forming a cultural community across computer networks.
VR -- virtual reality （artificial reality） n. 虚拟现实
[详析] the ultimate form of interaction between human and machine. In VR, everything you perceive is generated by a computer that responds to your movements with sights and sounds designed to make you think you are in another world.

W
water conservancy [ ]水利
webcasting   n. 网络广播
[扩展] live web casting n. 网络直播
World Wide Web 万维网

SECTION II: 中译英
中国热门科技词汇

科学发展观          concept of scientific development
全民科学文化素质 scientific and cultural qualities of the entire people       
发展科技      scientific and technological advancement     
科教兴国    revitalize China through science and education
农业技术 agricultural technology
[扩展]
白色农业 white agriculture (microbiological agriculture and biological cell agriculture)
超级杂交水稻 super-hybrid rice
技术下乡spreading the application of science and technology in rural areas
节水农业 water-saving agriculture
立体农业 3-D agriculture
农产品加工及转化the processing and commercialization of agro-products
农业科技agro-science
农作物良种seeds of high-quality crop
农作物新品种选育the selection and breeding of new crops
生态农业environmental-friendly agriculture
无土栽培 soil -less cultivation
BP机, 传呼       beeper, pager
背投屏幕    rear projection screen
不明飞行物     unidentified flying object (UFO)
操作系统 operating system
产品科技含量technological element of a product        
创新 innovation
电话会议 teleconference
电话留言机      answering machine
对讲机 talkie and walkie
多媒体     multimedia
二期the second phase
防抱死系统 ABS (anti-lock braking system)
孵化器incubator
高产优质   high yield and high quality
高技术产业化   apply high technology to production
高科技板块 high-tech sector
高科技园 high-tech park
个人数字助理 PDA (personal digital assistant)
工业园区industrial park
国家质量技术监督局    the State Bureau of Quality and Technical Supervision
国家重点实验室 national key laboratories
火炬计划Torch Program (a plan to develop new and high technology)
计算机中央处理器    central processing unit(CPU)
技术产权technology property right
技术交底 confide a technological secret to someone.
技术密集产品technology-intensive product
交叉学科interdisciplinary branch of science
科技成果转化为生产力 transfer of scientific and technological achievements into productive forces
科技含量 technology content
科技基础设施science and technology infrastructure
科技是第一生产力 Science and technology constitute a primary productive force
科技体制改革reform of the science and technology management system
科技与经济脱节 science and technology are out of line from the economy
科教兴国rejuvenate the country through science and education
可持续发展战略strategy of sustainable development
纳米   nanometer
三峡水利枢纽工程the key water control project at the Three Gorges on the Yangtze River
物种起源     origin of species
新兴学科 new branch of science
研究成果 research results
在孵企业incubated enterprises
自动取款机    automatic teller machine (ATM)
自然科学与社会科学的交叉融合integration of natural and social sciences
IT 信息技术
[扩展]
信息港 info port
信息高地 information highland
信息高速公路information superhighway
信息革命information revolution
信息含量information content
信息化 informationization
信息技术处理ITA – Information Technology Agreement
信息检索information retrieval
办公自动化 OA (Office Automation)
笔记本电脑 laptop / notebook / portable computer
电脑病毒 computer virus
电脑犯罪computer crime
电子管理 e-management
电子货币e-currency
电子商务e-business; e-commerce
电子商务认证e-business certification
电子邮件 E-mail
非对称数字用户环路 ADSL (Asymmetrical Digital Subscriber Loop)
高速宽带互联网 high-speed broadband networks
公告板BBS (bulletin board system)
光盘杂志CD-ROM magazine
广域网WAN (wide area net word)
汉字处理软件 Chinese character processing software
黑客hacker
计算机2000年问题 Y2K problem
计算机辅助教育CAI –computer assisted instruction
计算机辅助设计 CAD-computer assisted design
计算机合成制造 CAM-computer assisted manufacturing
计算机中央处理器 CPU – central processing unit
超文本传送协议    hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP)
界面 interface
金融电子化 computerized financial services
局域网 LAN – local area network
互联网服务提供商     ISP (Internet Service Provider)
全球移动通信系统 ( 全球通) global system for mobile communications (GSM)
刻录机     CD burner
宽带接入   broadband access
宽带网     broadband networks
内联网、局域网 (计算机) Intranet
垃圾邮件   junk mail
千年问题、千年虫       millennium bug; Y2K bug
人工智能     AI – artificial intelligence
人机交互      human - computer interaction
人机交互 human-computer interaction
虚拟人 visual human
虚拟网 virtual net
虚拟网virtual net
虚拟现实virtual reality
虚拟银行   virtual bank
因特网服务提供商ISP- internet service provider
万维网 World Wide Web(WWW)
应用软件internet applications
域名 domain
在线on line
掌上电脑palm computer
政府上网工程 Government Online Project
只读存储器    read-only-memory (ROM)
智能感知技术   perceptive technology
智能终端   intelligent terminal
中文信息处理系统 Chinese information processing system
数码科技digital technology
高保真 Hi-Fi ( High Fidelity)
高清晰度电视 high definition TV (HDTV)
光谷 optical valley
光通讯optical communication
蓝光光盘   Blue -ray Disc
数码港 cyber port
数字地球 digital globe
数字蜂窝移动通信    digital cellular mobile telecommunications
三维电影   three-dimensional movie
三维动画 three-dimensional animation
[详析] “蓝光光盘” 利用蓝色的激光束来刻录数据。目前的光盘均使用红色的激光束来进行刻录工作。
液晶显示屏LCD – liquid crystal display
逐行扫描    progressive scan (high-frequency mode)
视频点播 VOD-video on demand
搜索引擎(计算机) search engine
统一资源定位器 URL-uniform Resource Locator
下载   download
英特网 internet
万维网 WWW – World Wide Web
网吧 internet café, internet bar
网恋 cyber romance; virtual romance
网络出版 online publishing
网络管理员 network administrator
网络空间 cyber space
网络恐怖主义 Cyber terrorism
网络摄像机 web cam
网络世界cyber world
网络文化 cyber culture
网民netizen
网上冲浪web-surfing
网上犯罪cyber crime
网上购物on-line shopping
网上交易平台online trading platform
网上书店 online bookstore
网页web page
网站website
cellular / mobile phone 移动电话；手机
[扩展]
第三代移动通信系统3-G (Generation Three mobile communication system)
多媒体短信服务    MMS (Multimedia Messaging Service)
文本短信服务   SMS (Short Messaging Service)
文本短信语言 texting (e.g. gr8 = great)
无绳电话 cordless telephone
无线保真   Wi-Fi (wireless Fidelity)
无线应用协议 WAP – wireless application protocol
移动电话双向收费two-way charges for cell phones
能上网的手机 WAP phone
增强型短信服务   EMS (Enhanced Message Service)
程控电话    program -controlled telephone
生物技术bio-technology
      [扩展]
克隆cloning
生物芯片biochip
基因工程genetic engineering
基因突变genetic mutation
基因图谱genome
转基因动植物 genetically modified animals and plants
转基因生物genetically modified organisms (GMOs)
转基因食品GM food (genetically modified food)
B超   type -B ultrasonic
试管婴儿 test- tube baby
试管受精   in-vitro fertilization (IVF)
干细胞 stem cell
空间科学Space Science
[扩展]
长征2号F运载火箭 Long March II F carrier rocket
多任务小卫星 small multi-mission satellite (SMMS)
登月舱   lunar module
发射成功 successful launch
风云二号气象卫星 Fengyun II meteorological satellite
神舟五号载人飞船 manned spacecraft Shenzhou V
同步卫星   geostationary satellite
全球定位系统 GPS (global positioning system)
首航 maiden voyage (of an aircraft or ship)
外层空间 outer space
外星人 extraterrestrial being (ET)
卫星导航   satellite navigation

40. 多极世界 multipolar world                                                   41. 多极性multi-polarity                                 42. 繁荣prosperity                                     43. 繁荣昌盛flourish                                     44. 仿效imitation                                  45. 分工division of responsibilities                   46. 分裂活动splittist activities                          47. 分歧 issues of difference                            48. 否决权veto right                                49. 复杂多变的国际形势a complex and volatile international situation               50. 复杂化complication                            51. 复杂性complexity                                52. 改善, 改进ameliorate                                      53. 高层次、全方位的对话high-level and all-directional dialogue                   54. 高峰论坛summit (forum)                                             55. 高级官员senior officials                                 56. 隔阂estrangement57. 各国人民的福祉well-being of all nations       58. 公告proclamation                                             59. 公平fairness 60. 公正, 正义justice                                     61. 共识 consensus                            62. 共赢all-win                                               63. 国家元首head of state                             64. 国与国state-to-state                              65. 过渡期the transitional period                       66. 过分go overboard                              67. 合法权益the legitimate rights and interests                68. 合作关系cooperative relationship                      69. 和睦关系harmonious relationship       70. 和平peace                                                 71. 和平方式peaceful means                                       72. 和平共处peaceful coexistence                                    73. 和平外交 peace diplomacy                                                                                          74. 后果；结果 consequence                            75. 互不干涉内部事务noninterference in each other's internal affairs     76. 互不往来non-communication                                  77. 互惠合同reciprocal contract                                   78. 互利合作的伙伴partners of mutual benefit and cooperation                    79. 怀疑suspicion                              80. 环太平洋国家Pacific rim countries                               81. 缓解(冲突) buffer (conflicts)                               82. 恢复行使主权 resume the exercise of sovereignty (over…)              83. 回顾过去 in retrospect                                84. 机制mechanism                                  85. 积极防御active defense             86. 积极影响positive impact                                    87. 基石cornerstone                          88. 极大的希望great expectation                         89. 集合；凝聚aggregation                                        90. 肩负shoulder                91. 艰巨任务arduous task                                        92. 建设性的战略伙伴关系a constructive strategic partnership               93. 交换意见exchange notes                              94. 交流观点exchange views                              95. 结交新友establish new contacts                         96. 竭力仿效emulate                         97. 解决分歧resolve differences                                 98. 进步 progress; advancement        99. 举世闻名word-renowned                      100. 军事机密 military intelligence (secrets)                    101. 考验 test   102. 肯定传统affirm old tradition                                103. 框架framework                         104. 扩大共识expand the common ground                      105. 来之不易hard-won                             106. 乐观精神optimism 107. 礼尚往来reciprocity in courtesy; reciprocal (mutual) courtesy              108. 礼仪; 行为准则    decencies                         109. 良好诚意good faith                              110. 良好周边环境a favorable climate in areas around china       111. 良知 conscience                                112. 两岸关系cross-strait relations                    113. 领土完整territorial integrity                      114. 领土争端border or territorial disputes        115. 履行国际义务fulfill international obligations          116. 盟国ally; allies                                         117. 民间外交people-to-people diplomacy       118. 模式mode                                          119. 摩擦friction                               120. 睦邻友好good-neighborliness                     121. 睦邻友好关系good-neighbor relationship            122. 排除干扰与障碍remove interferences and obstacles                        123. 排他性集团exclusive group                             124. 排外主义exclusivism                                       125. 批准ratify                                                 126. 平等互利equality and mutual benefit                       127. 平等互利原则principle of equality and mutual benefit               128. 平等伙伴关系equal partnership                                129. 平等协商equal consultation                             130. 齐心协力concerted effort                                 131. 歧视discrimination                          132. 起积极作用make positive contribution to    133. 千年millennium                                134. 前景prospect; future                                 135. 谴责 condemn                                      136. 强权外交 power diplomacy                                          137. 强权政策 power politics                      138. 强制执行enforcement                              139. 侵犯violate; encroach on; an encroachment on              140. 求同存异seek common ground while reserving/shelving/putting aside differences 141. 曲折twists and turns 142. 屈服 yield to                                   143. 趋势 trend                                   144. 全方位合作all-round cooperation                                 145. 全面的；全方位的all-round; all-around146. 全面接触comprehensive engagement                     147. 全面提高all-round improvement                                  148. 全球化globalization                          149. 全世界 the world at large; the world over                           150. 权利和义务rights and interests                           151. 让步   (make ) concessions                                                            152. 人道主义者humanitarian                              153. 融合fusion                            154. 三边的   trilateral 155. 深切哀悼   convey profound condolences to                                156. 审时度势 size up the situation                                        157. 使命mission 158. 事业   undertaking, cause 159. 势头momentum                                     160. 树立共有的乐观精神 build shared optimism                           161. 双边的bilateral                                       162. 双边关系bilateral relations                                 163. 双边合作bilateral cooperation                                 164. 双边渠道bilateral channels                                    165. 双边外交bilateral diplomatic activities          166. 双赢局面win-win situation                               167. 顺利平稳过渡smooth transition of power                              168. 坦诚深入的candid and in-depth                             169. 条约 treaty                                    170. 停滞不前 halt                                    171. 同等尊严equal dignity                                  172. 突破break-through                                  173. 团结 unity                                174. 外部封锁external blockade                                        175. 外交diplomacy                              176. 外交惯例diplomatic practice                                 177. 外交豁免权diplomatic immunity                    178. 外交晴雨表diplomatic barometer                                179. 外交使节diplomatic envoy                                    180. 外交休兵diplomatic truce                            181. 完全不信任downright distrust                          182. 完全平等complete equality          183. 顽疾stubborn ills                               184. 为大众谋利seek a common good                                185. 维护香港的繁荣与稳定 maintain the prosperity and stability of Hong Kong   186. 维护正义的 justice-upholding                        187. 文化交流cultural exchange                     188. 文化使节cultural ambassador                           189. 文化摇篮cradle of civilization                      190. 无情的事实inexorable facts                                191. 无秩序状态disorder                             192. 现状current state                        193. 详细谈论elaborate on                              194. 协调harmonize                               195. 协定agreement    196. 结盟alliance                                                                     197. 协议protocol                                              198. 协作coordination                            199. 携手 join (our) hands ; hand-in-hand                           200. 新的世界形态a new world pattern                                  201. 新殖民主义neo-colonialism                                 202. 宣称; 维护assert                                          203. 宣告, 声明 declaration                                   204. 亚太地区the Asia-Pacific region                      205. 严峻的考验   severe test                                     206. 唁电message of condolences                                207. 一贯的政策 consistent policy                                     208. 以史为鉴，面向未来 take history as guidance and look into the future   209. 意识形态ideology                               210. 永不屈服never yielding                                                                       211. 增进increase, strengthen, promote, expand, boost212. 增进了解enhance mutual understanding                  213. 战略关系strategic relationship                    214. 战略协作伙伴关系strategic partnership of coordination               215. 正常化normalization                                               216. 正确的对外方针correct foreign policy                         217. 正式访问an official visit                                   218. 政权交接 transfer of government   219. 政权交接the transfer of government                        220. 政治对话political dialogs                                     221. 政治和道义上的支持political and moral support                                   222. 中长期的合作 medium and long term cooperation 223. 中日和平友好条约the Sino-Japanese Treaty for Peace and Friendship    224. 种族隔离apartheid; racial segregation 225. 种族矛盾racial tensions                                    226. 种族歧视racial discrimination                                227. 着手处理approach (a problem)228. 重新评估reevaluation                                        229. 主权国家sovereign states                         230. 驻军 garrison                                    231. 自决自主 self-determination 232. 自我封闭 self-reclusive                                  233. 最不发达国家Least-developed countries (LDCs)                     234. 和平共处五项基本原则the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence    • -- 平等互利Equality and mutual benefit • -- 互相尊重和主权领土完整mutual respect for sovereignty, territorial integrity • -- 互不侵犯Non-aggression • -- 互不干涉内政Non-interference in the internal affairs of other countries • -- 和平共处Peaceful coexistence  

F
flaunt [ ]                                    v./n.炫耀；标榜
fluctuation [ ]                                 n. 波动；起伏不定
foil [ ]                                     vt. 阻挠；挫败
formulation [ ]                          n. 明确表达；简洁陈述
foundation                            n. 基础；基金会

G
guarantee [ ]                               n./vt.保证
guidance                                 n. 指导
gunboat policy                      (尖船利炮) 强权政策

H
hamper [ ]                             v. 妨碍；牵制
harness [ ]                            v.. 管理，支配, 控制
hereby                                    adv. 在此
hostility                                  n. 敌意、敌对状态

I
ideal arena                              n. 理想的场所， 舞台
impair [ ]                                    v. 损害
impetus [ ]                                 n. 动力
implement [ ]                            n. 贯彻
in a friendly manner                    adv. 以友好的方式
in a wide range of areas                 （就）广泛领域
incapacitate [ ]                            v. 使不能胜任
incentive [ ]                            n. 动机；动力
in-depth                                  adj. 彻底、深入的
integral [ ]                                     adj. 整体的
international community                       国际社会
intervention [ ]                                 n. 干涉
interventionist                    n./ adj. 主张干涉他国内政者
intimidate [ ]                                v. 恐吓，威逼
intricacy [ ]                              n. 错综复杂
irresistible [ ]                               adj. 不可抗拒的

J
jeopardize [ ]                                     v. 危及
joint communiqué                                 n. 联合公报    
joint declaration [ ]                                n. 联合声明
joint efforts                                      n. 协力
juncture                                 n. 时刻、关头；接合点
jurisdiction [ ]                           n. 权限;管辖权; 管辖区域
justice                                n. 正义

L, M
legitimate [ ]                            adj. 合法的
maintain [ ]                         v. 维持；坚持认为
make great contribution to                    对…有重大贡献
malignant   [ ]                           adj. 恶性的；致命的
manifold [ ]                                    n./ adj. 多方面的
meddle [ ]                                         v. 干涉
memorable [ ]                             adj. 令人难忘的
mentality                             n. 心理，思维状态
might                                        n. 势力, 兵力
mighty                                       adj. 强大的
mimic [ ]                                     vt./adj. 模仿
mistrust                                      n. 不信任；疑心
multilateral [ ]                                          adj.多边的
mutual benefit                                    互利互惠
mutual complementarities [ ]                              互补
mutual confidence                                   相互信任
mutual consultation    [ ]                               共同协商
mutual courtesy                                      礼尚往来
mutual promotion                                    相互促进
mutual respect                                       相互尊重
mutual supervision           互相监督
mutual trust                                        相互信任
mutual understanding                               相互理解

N, O
negotiation                                    n. 谈判；协商
objective                                             n. 目标;目的
obstacles [ ]                                          n. 干扰；障碍
obstruct [ ]                                              n./v. 阻碍
origin                                           n. 起源；渊源
overshadow                                    v. 弱化；使…黯然失色

P
paralysis [ ]                                        n. 瘫痪，麻痹
partnership                                        n. 合作、合伙关系
peace-loving                                           adj. 爱好和平的
perish [ ]                                               v. 毁灭、死亡
permeate [ ]                                            v. 渗透
phenomenal [ ]                                          adj. 非凡的；杰出的
pioneering                                          adj. 开拓性的
pool (efforts)                                         v. 协力
potential [ ]                                      n. 潜力；adj.潜在的
prejudice [ ]                                   n. 偏见; v. 损害
prerequisite [ ]                             n. 先决条件; adj. 首要的，必要的
prescribe                                            v. 指示; 规定
prevailing [ ]                                         adj. 占优势的；盛行的
prior to [ ]                                           在…之前
profound                                  adj. 深刻的，意义深远的
proliferation [ ]                                    n. 扩散
promising                                  adj. 有前途的，有希望的
promote/facilitate/enhance/strengthen/ advance          v. 加强;促进
prudence    [ ]                                n. 审慎；慎重
pursue                                          v. 追求

R
recognition                                       n. 承认，认可
reflect                                              v. 反映
refrain [ ]                                          v. 节制；制止
regime [ ]                                     n. 政权，体制
resentment                                    n. 不满、怨恨
resolutely                               adv. 坚决地; 果敢地
resolution                                  n. 决心；决议
respectable                                     adj. 可敬的
respective                                     adj.分别的, 各自的
restructure                                 v. 重组；体制改革
reunification [ ]                                    n. 统一
rhetoric [ ]                                   n./adj. 修辞; 空话
rival                                         n. /v. 竞争对手
rivalry [ ]                                  n. 竞争；敌对状态
S
safeguard                                    v./ n. 捍卫
sanction   [ ]                                   v./ n. 制裁
score                               v. 取得（成绩、成果…）
setback                                    n. 挫折；退步
signify                                 v. 表征,意味着
solidarity   [ ]                               n. 团结
sound                                    adj. 健全的
source                                    n. 来源
sponsor                                n./v. 赞助；主办
stability                                  n. 稳定
status quo [ ]                         n. 现状  
steadfastly [ ]                       adv. 踏实地；坚定地
straightforward [ ]                   adj. 坦率的；直截了当
strengthen the bond                 加强联系； 加固纽带
subordinate [ ]                      n./ adj. 次要、下属、从属的
subsequent [ ]                    adj. 后来的, 接着发生的, 连续的
summit                          n. 峰会；首脑会议
symbol / symbolize                   n. / v象征

T
thereby                                  adv. 从而
threat                                 v./n. 威胁, 恐吓
trailblazer [ ]                               n. 开拓者
trailblazing [ ]                            adj. 开拓性
trample [ ]                                n./ v. 践踏
tranquil [ ]                             adj. 安静、宁静的
transcend   [ ]                           vt. 凌驾; 超越
trans-century                             adj. 跨世纪的
transition                               n. 转变、过渡
turmoil [ ]                                n. 动乱；冲突
tackle [ ]                            v. 处理；对付
take shape                              v. 成形
tense                                   adj. 紧张的

U
undermine [ ]                            v. 破坏                              
undesirable [ ]                            adj. 不受欢迎的
union                               n. 联盟；工会                       
unswervingly   [ ]                         adv. 坚定不移地

V
vigorous   [ ]                          adj. 强健的; 精力充沛的
volatile [ ]                              adj.不稳定的；多变的

SECTION II: 中译英
中国外交

1. “走出去”（战略）going global                         
2. 安全security, safety
3. 霸权hegemony                              
4. 闭关锁国的过去closed-door past                                
5. 闭关政策closed-door policy                                 
6. 标准criteria                             
7. 博大深远extensive and profound                         
8. 不对抗non-confrontation                                     
9. 不合理irrationality                            
10. 不结盟non-alignment                                   
11. 不可克服的困难insurmountable difficulty                      
12. 不平等inequality                                 
13. 不懈的努力   unremitting efforts                             
14. 采取具体步骤   undertake concrete step                 
15. 差距gap                               
16. 尝试attempt                                            
17. 充满活力dynamism                          
18. 崇高的事业lofty cause                           
19. 崇高理想grand ideal                              
20. 处理分歧address differences                               
21. 穿梭外交shuttle diplomacy                                       
22. 打破障碍beak down barriers                              
23. 单边的    unilateral                         
24. 单边主义   unilateralism
25. 邓小平外交思想    Deng Xiaoping's diplomatic thoughts         
26. 低估   underestimate / underestimation              
27. 地方矛盾regional conflicts                                
28. 地球村global village                               
29. 地区差异 regional disparity                                      
30. 地区动乱（冲突）regional turmoil (conflicts)                
31. 独立自主的和平外交政策independent foreign policy of peace                   
32. 独立自主原则principles of independence              
33. 度假外交holiday-making diplomacy                                    
34. 对手opponent ; rival                                    
35. 对外工作external work 　　          
36. 多边外交multilateral diplomatic activities                                
37. 多边政策multilateralism                                             
38. 多极化multi-polarization                                
39. 多极时代multipolar times                                                   

CHAPTER 7

EXTERNAL AFFAIRS
外交、外事
____________________________________

编者提示:

本章主要为口试阶段的口译而备．除了本章的词汇只外，别忘了掌握外事外交活动的客套礼仪讲话的基本格式和句型！

SECTION I: 英译中

1.1外事礼仪

A
acknowledge                                        v. 承认
a gathering permeated with a spirit of cordial friendship        充满亲切友情的聚会
a rewarding trip                                        不虚此行  
accommodate    [ ]                  vt. 供给...住宿, 招待; vi. 适应，配合
add a new page to the history of                     给…的历史增加了新的一页
agenda [ ]                                             n.议程
alumnus (alumni) ; alumna (alumnae) [ ]                        n. 校友
at the invitation of…                                应……的邀请

B
banquet [ ]                                         n. 宴会
BBQ party [ ]                                       n. 烧烤会
Bon Appetite! [ ]                                    int. 祝你胃口好！
Bon Voyage! [ ]                                    int. 旅途愉快!
buffet   [ ]                                           n. 自助餐
buffet reception                                 n. 冷餐招待会

C
cheek-to-cheek embrace                            贴脸拥抱
cheers                                        int. 干杯
closing speech                                   n. 闭幕致辞
cocktail party                                      n. 鸡尾酒会
colleague(s) [ ]                                      n. 同仁
commerce ties                                    n. 商业关系
coexistence [ ]                                 n. 共存，共处
congenial atmosphere [ ]                           n. 融洽气氛
costume party; masquerade   [ ]                    n. 化装舞会
courtesy call [ ]                                   n. 礼节性拜会

D
dinner / dinner party                              n. 晚宴
distinguished guest                               n. 贵宾; 佳宾
draw to a close                                   即将结束

E
eloquent remark [ ]                        n. 雄辩的（动人的）演讲
entertain                                      v. 招待
extraordinary arrangement                  n. 特殊安排；精心安排
eye salute                                   n. 注目礼

F
farewell ceremony                              n. 欢送仪式
feel honored and privileged [ ]                      感到荣幸
feel pleased and honored                          感到愉快和荣幸
feel proud and honored                          感到骄傲和荣幸
fellow citizens                                       n. 同胞们
foreign affairs office                                  n. 外事办
fulfill one’s ambitions                          展鸿图；酬壮志

G
generous hospitality                      盛情款待
genuine friendship                       真挚友谊
give a dinner for a visitor from afar                  接风洗尘
goodwill visit                                   n. 友好访问
gracious invitation                               n. 盛情邀请
gracious remark                          n. 热情的演讲,评论
Guest of Honor                                n. 主宾
gun salute                                     n. /v. 礼炮

H
heartfelt gratefulness                        n. 由衷的感谢
hearty embrace                               n. 热烈拥抱
hearty gratitude                           n. 衷心的感谢
heritage [ ]                                    n. 传统
hospitality   [ ]                                  n. 好客
host a farewell dinner for someone                 为…饯行
host country                               n. 主办国；东道主国家
host                                            n. 主人

I
I’ve long heard of you                           久仰
impromptu speech [ ]                            n. 即席讲话
in the company of …/ accompanied by…            在…的陪同下
inauguration [ ]                            n. 开幕式；就职典礼
incomparable hospitality                       n. 无比盛情的款待
itinerary [ ]                                n. 活动日程, 路线

K, L
kind words of welcome                          n. 友好的欢迎词
lasting friendship                             n. 长久的友谊
long-awaited guest                           n. 盼望已久的客人
look back at the past                        回顾过去
look into the future                            展望未来
luncheon [ ]                                    n. 午餐会

M, N, O
motorcade [ ]                                  n. 车队
nodding acquaintance                               n. 泛泛之交
occasion                                           n. 场合；时刻
opening address                                    n.开幕致辞
opening ceremony                                  n. 开幕式

P
pay a return visit                                 v. 回拜
picnic party                                     n. 野餐会
propose a toast                                   v. 祝酒

R
receive; play host to                               v. 接待
receptionist                                      n. 接待员
reception                                           n. 招待会
regard                                       n.尊重；敬意
regards                                          n. 问候
renew old friendships (and establish new contacts)         重温旧情 (结交新友)

S
seating arrangement                               n. 席位安排
signing ceremony                               n. 签约式
sincere gratitude [ ]                               n. 真挚的感谢
speech of welcome / address of welcome              n. 欢迎词
state banquet                                     n. 国宴
sworn friend                                    n. 刎颈之交

T
take this opportunity                          趁此机会
toaster                                      n. 祝酒者
toast                                        n. 祝酒词

U
unequalled [ ]                                adj. 无与伦比的
unprecedented [ ]                              adj. 前所未有的

W
warm reception                                 n. 热情接待
warm welcome                                 n. 热情欢迎
wedding reception                                 n. 喜宴
welcoming banquet                              n. 欢迎宴会
welcoming ceremony                              n. 欢迎仪式

1.2两国关系
A

a resolution                                           n. 决议
abundant accomplishment                             n. 丰硕的成果
accord with /agree with/conform to/meet                 v. 符合
acknowledge                                         vt. 承认
assert [ ]                                           v. 宣称; 维护
attempt                                             n./ v.尝试

B
beckon                                             v. 召唤  
boost                                    v. 促进, 刺激，增进
bilateral [ ]                                        adj. 双边的
bilateral channels                                  n. 双边渠道
bilateral cooperation                                n. 双边合作
bilateral diplomatic activities        n. 双边外交
bilateral relations                                n. 双边关系
bully                                    v. 欺侮；以强凌弱

C
cast off                                     v. 丢弃, 摆脱
cause                                  n. 原因、理想、事业、目标
channel [ ]                                       n. 渠道
channels of dialog [ ]                         n. 对话渠道
chaos [ ]                                     n. 混乱
clash                                        n. 冲突
coercion [ ]                                   n. 强迫，高压政治
collapse [ ]                                  n. 溃败；崩溃
commitment                                   n. 承诺，义务
common aspiration   [ ]                          n. 共同希望
common causes                             n. 共同目标；共同理想
common desire                            n. 共同愿望
common development                        n. 共同发展
common interest                            n. 共同利益
common prosperity                            n. 共同繁荣
communiqué [ ]                               n. 联合公报
community of nations                          n. 国际社会
compassion [ ]                               n. 同情,怜悯
consolidate [ ]                              v. 巩固
constrain [ ]                          vt. 约束；强迫
containment [ ]                           n. 遏制，遏制政策
contradictory; self-contradictory[ ]       adj. 矛盾；自相矛盾
convention                          n.大会；条约; 协定; 惯例
convergence [ ]                           n. 集中
counterpart [ ]                        n. 相应的、对等的人或物
counterproductive [ ]                adj. 起反作用的; 反效果的
courtesy [ ]                                n. 礼貌
crises                               n. 危机；危险期

D
dawning [ ]                              n. 黎明；开端
decline                                n./vi. 下降；衰落
defy [ ]                              vt./n. 挑战；公然挑衅
delay [ ]                             v. / n. 耽搁；拖延
decency [ ]                                n. 合宜，得体
delightful                                adj.令人愉快的
deteriorate [ ]                            vt. 使恶化；变糟
deterioration                              n. 衰败
disparity [ ]                            n. 不等；不同
dispute                               n./ v.争端
diverse                               adj.多变的
diversity                               n. 多样化；气象万千
dominate [ ]                       v. 压倒；统治；占优势

E
emancipate [ ]                         vt. 释放; 解放
embody                               vt. 体现
embrace                          v./ n.拥抱；信奉
encroach on [ ]                            侵犯,蚕食
encroachment [ ]                          n. 侵犯
endeavor [ ]                              n. 努力
enduring                                 adj. 持久的；不朽的
enrich                                   vt. 充实
equitable [ ]                                  adj. 公平的；公正的
era                                           n.纪元
erupt [ ]                                   v. 突然爆发
escalation [ ]                                n. 升级
exacerbate [ ]                               vt. 恶化，使…加剧

CHAPTER ６

Art, Culture & Recreation
艺术,文化,娱乐
____________________________________

编者提示:

本章内容繁多，英译汉部分收录了艺术流派，纯艺术，音乐方面的词汇和术语并做详析，　为口译笔试中的阅读部分必备, 　汉译英部分针对翻译和口试，分为:
2.1＂中国文化＂-- 口译难点
2.2 体育及娱乐　
2.3　饮食文化－编者认为其中菜名部分不用去背，但在生活中很实用．
2.4　哲学与宗教　

SECTION I: 英译中
1.1 艺术流派
Abstract Expressionism
抽象表现主义-- 抽象画派二战后直到60年代早期盛行的一种绘画流派，特点是认为艺术是抽象的，且主要是即席创作的
Art Deco ［ ］
装饰派艺术 -- 1925-1940年期间的装饰和建筑艺术风格，主要特征为几何形，色彩明亮粗犷和使用塑料和玻璃。 代表作：New York's Chrysler Building （纽约克莱斯勒大楼）

Art Nouveau ［ ］
新艺术主义 --19世纪后期和20世纪初期的一种建筑和装饰艺术风格，主要特征为用流动的曲折的线条绘出叶子和花卉

Ashcan School ［ ］
垃圾箱画派--- 20世纪早期的一群描绘日常城市生活的现实情景的美国画家

Assemblage (Collage) ［ ］
装配艺术品 --- 由不同部件，如金属，织物和串线组装在一起的雕刻装配艺术品

Barbizon School (Landscape Painting) ［ ］
巴比松画派 --- 法国19世纪中、下叶自然主义风景画派. 代表人物：狄奥多•卢梭

Baroque ［ ］
巴罗克艺术风格 --17世纪初流行于欧洲的一种过分强调雕琢和装饰奇异的艺术和建筑风格, 倾向于豪华、浮夸, 并将建筑、绘画、雕塑结合成一个整体, 追求动势的起伏, 以求造成幻象的建筑形式

Classicism
古典风格 --- 古典主义古希腊和古罗马的艺术、建筑和文学中体现的美学立场和原理，以强调形式、简单、成比例和约束为特征

Constructivism ［ ］
构成派 --- 一支源于1920年莫斯科的现代艺术流派，以使用玻璃、金属薄板和塑料等工业材料来创作非写实性的且常为几何图形的物体为特征

Cubism［ ］
立体派 --- 20世纪初出现于巴黎的一个绘画和雕刻抽象流派，其特征是把各种自然形态简化并分裂成抽象的、通常为几何形状的结构，并常被描绘成一系列互不相联的平面。先驱人物：Pablo Picasso 毕加索

Dada
达达主义运动--- 欧洲文学艺术界的运动(1916-1923年)，通过随意涂写、嘲讽、不和谐的作品，来藐视传统的艺术和文化价值

Expressionism
表现主义 --- 20世纪早期艺术的一种流派，强调艺术家的内心经验的主观表达。 先驱人物：Vincent Van Gogh 凡高

Fauvism ［ ］
野兽派 --- 20世纪早期的绘画流派，由一群法国画家发起，其特点是显著的鲜艳色彩和对形式的自由处理. 代表人物： Henri Matisse 马蒂斯

Futurism ［ ］
未来主义 --- 一种1910年左右发源于意大利的文艺思潮，意在表现当代生活有力的、充满活力的和激烈的特点，尤其主张表现现代机械文明的动感和暴力

Genre ［ ］
风俗画 --- 一种从日常生活中描绘场景的现实主义风格的画

Impressionism
印象主义 --- 一种绘画的理论或风格，19世纪70年代在法国源起并迅速发展，其特点是注重场景产生的瞬间视觉印象，并通过运用未经掺杂基本色彩和细微的笔划描绘天然反射的光线。先驱人物：Claude Monet （莫奈）and Camille Pissarro （毕沙罗）

Mannerism ［ ］
风格主义---   16世纪欧洲的一种艺术风格，特点是比例和透视因素的扭曲

Neoclassicism
新古典主义--- 18、19世纪建筑和艺术复兴，尤其在装饰艺术方面，以风格的式样、匀称和质朴为特征

Neoimpressionism ［ ］
新印象主义, 点描派--- 19世纪晚期由乔治•秀拉（George Seurat）领导的绘画运动，在构成上比描绘表述更严格、更正式，并使用点彩画法。

Op Art ［ ］
光效应绘画艺术，欧普艺术---其特征是利用几何图形或色彩对比产生各种形与光色的运动来造成视错觉的艺术

Pop Art
波普艺术---通俗艺术以商业艺术及通俗插图艺术之技巧来描绘来自日常生活的物体或景观的一种艺术形式

Realism
现实主义画派

Rococo ［ ］
洛可可风格 --- 一种18世纪初紧跟巴罗克风格之后起源于法国的有精心刻意用大量的涡卷形字体、树叶及动物形体点缀装饰的艺术风格，尤指建筑和装饰艺术

Surrealism ［ ］
超现实主义--- 20世纪的文学和艺术运动，它试图表达潜意识的活动，以怪诞的意象和主题的不协调并存为特征

Symbolism
象征主义--- 通过艺术创造来揭示或暗示难以描述的情况或真理。先驱人物：Gauguin

1.2 纯艺术

bas-relief (=bass-relief) ［ ］ n.浮雕, 浅浮雕
［详析］
Low relief; sculpture in which figures project slightly from the background.
cameo ［ ］ n.刻有浮雕的宝石或贝壳
［详析］
A gem on which a design has been engraved in relief.
Caricature ［ ］ n.漫画；讽刺画
［详析］
A picture ludicrously exaggerating the qualities, defects, or peculiarities of a person or idea.
cartoon ［ ］ n. (报刊上的)政治性漫画, 讽刺画, 卡通画, 漫画
［详析］
A humorous sketch or drawing usually telling a story or caricaturing some person or action.
Chiaroscuro ［ ］ n. 光与影，明暗对比法
［详析］
the rendering of light and shade in painting
colors, complementary n.补色；对比色
［详析］
Two colors at opposite points on the color scale, for example, orange and blue, green and red.
colors, primary n.红,黄,蓝三原色
［详析］
Red, yellow, and blue, the mixture of which will yield all other colors in the spectrum but which themselves cannot be produced through a mixture of other colors.
colors, secondary n.合成色,间色
［详析］
Orange, green, and purple, colors produced by mixing two primary colors.
composition n. 构图
［详析］
The organization of the parts of a work into a unified whole.
engraving ［ ］ n.雕刻艺术，镌版术; 亦指雕版印刷品，版画
［详析］
The art of producing printed designs through various methods of incising on wood or metal blocks, or through photographic processes.
etching ［ ］ n.蚀刻版画, 蚀刻术, 铜版画
［详析］
The technique of engraving designs on metal blocks through the corrosive action of acids.
foreshortening effect   n. [绘画]远处看山感到较近或较低的现象; 通过透视原理表现立体空间
［详析］
Reducing or distorting in order to represent three-dimensional space as perceived by the eye, according to the rules of perspective.
fresco ［ ］ n. [绘画] 在灰泥的墙壁上作的水彩画, 壁画
highlight n. [绘画] 高光
［详析］
On a represented form, a point of most intense light.
high relief n. 高浮雕
［详析］
Sculptured relief in which areas strongly project from the background, almost becoming a sculpture in the round.
impasto ［ ］n.[绘画]厚涂颜料的绘画法, 厚涂的颜料
［详析］In painting, the thick application of paint; in ceramics, the application of enamel or slip to a ceramic object to form a decoration in low relief.
inlaying n.镶嵌
The decoration of an object with fine materials set into its surface.
landscape n.风景画, 山水画
［详析］
The genre of painting in which natural scenery is the subject.
Lithography ［ ］   n. 石印[平版印刷]术; 平版印刷品
［详析］
A printing process in which ink impressions are taken from a flat stone or metal plate prepared with some greasy or oily substance.
Modeling n.建模，造型
［详析］
The formation of an image in clay, wax, etc., to be reproduced in some more durable material, such as bronze; also, the representation of a structure, such as a building.
Monochrome ［ ］   n. 单色画由一种颜色的不同色度制作出的图片，尤指图画
［详析］
A painting or drawing with a single color in different shades.
Pastel ［ ］    n./adj. 浅淡的色调，柔和色柔和而悦目的色彩
［详析］
A soft, pleasant, subdued color
perspective n. [绘画] 透视
［详析］
A method of representing three-dimensional volumes and spatial relationships on a flat surface.
primary colors 三原色
relief   n. 浮雕 （效果）
［详析］
The projection of an image or form from its background.
sketching n.写生, 写生画
still life n. 静物
［详析］
The representation of inanimate objects in painting, drawing, or photography.
tempera ［ ］   n.蛋彩画(用蛋清代油调和的鸡蛋水胶养料画法)
［详析］
A painting technique in which an emulsion of water and egg yolk, or egg and oil, is used as a binding medium.
texture n. 质地, 纹理
［详析］
The visual and tactile quality of a work of art effected through the particular way the materials are worked
tone n. 色调
［详析］
The effect of the harmony of color and values in a work, for example, warm or cold tones. （冷色调 、暖色调）
trompe l'oeil ［ ］ n. 一种给人以摄影作品般真实感觉的绘画风格
［详析］In painting, the fine, detailed rendering of objects to convey the illusion of spatial and tactile qualities.

1.3   音乐

aria   ［ ］      n.独唱曲, 咏叹调
background music          n.背景音乐
band n. 乐队
baritone   ［ ］n.男中音
bass n.低音部, 男低音, 低音乐器
beat n.节奏, 鼓点
brass   n.铜管乐器, 或铜管乐队
Broadway musicals n. 百老汇音乐剧
canon ［ ］ n. 卡农，一种乐曲形式，其中同样的旋律被一个或多个声部重复，同一调或相关调彼此在时间上重合
chord n. 和弦, 和音
composer n.作家, 作曲家
concerto n.协奏曲
conductor n. 管弦乐队、合唱队指挥
contemporary music n. 当代音乐
crescendo ［ ］ n. 声音渐增，渐强
decrescendo ［ ］n. 渐弱
dissonance ［ ］ n. 不谐和音, 不一致
duet ［ ］n.二重奏
finale ［ ］n.(戏剧的)最后一场, 结局, 终曲, (电视剧) 最后一集
flat   n. [音]降半音
fox trot ［ ］n.狐步舞,狐步舞曲
fugue ［ ］ n.[音]赋格曲
genre ［ ］n.类型, 流派
acid jazz 酸性爵士
alternative 另类（非主流）音乐， 如gay music (同性恋音乐)
bluegrass 蓝草音乐--起源于美国南方的民间音乐，特色为音乐轻快和象爵士乐那样即兴演奏
blues 布鲁斯歌曲(蓝调音乐)
Celtic 凯尔特音乐 (尤指爱尔兰风格)
classical 古典乐
country 乡村音乐
dance 劲爆蹦迪音乐
easy listening轻音乐
electronica 电子音乐
environmental music 环境音乐
experimental 实验音乐
folk 民族音乐
fusion 融合音乐
heavy metal / hard rock 重金属摇滚
hip-hop / urban 嘻蹦乐, 又译嘻哈
house 电子乐的一种 (注：Hip Hop或Rap源于纽约黑人区, House Music源于芝加哥，但多为白人所作，同时House Music主要为强调Bass Line及Drums的音乐花招，并不涉及文化觉醒或社会运动等主题。)
Indie-Rock独立音乐 (属于另类音乐)
jazz   爵士乐
Jazz Blues 爵士布鲁斯
Latin 拉丁乐
musicals 音乐剧
New Age 新时代乐风--以在某些乐器上宁静的即兴创作为特征的现代音乐，例如风琴、吉它或合成器。以梦幻般的悦耳音乐和民族器乐的乐风而闻名
Punk /New wave 朋克 / 新浪潮
R & B 节奏布鲁斯
Rap 说唱
Reggae ［ ］雷鬼乐，一种风格独特的牙买加音乐
Retro 怀旧音乐
Soft rock 慢摇滚
soul music (美国黑人) 爵士灵歌, 结合了福音唱诗以及节奏布鲁斯音乐的特点
soundtrack 电影配乐
swing 摇摆乐, 形成于1935年前后的一种流行舞蹈音乐，以爵士乐为基础，但运用更简单的和声和节奏形式以及更大的管乐队
Techno 强烈动感的电子音乐
Trance 非常Hi的电子舞曲, 迷幻电子乐
gospel n. 福音音乐
harmony n. [音]和弦,和声, 悦耳的声音组合
hymn   n.赞美诗, 圣歌v.唱赞美歌
improvisation n.即席创作
lip synching ［ ］ v./n. 对口型，假唱
lyrics n.抒情诗, 歌词
march n. [音] 进行曲
melody n. 旋律
opera n.歌剧
opus ［ ］ n.作品
orchestra ［ ］ n.管弦乐队
a large musical ensemble consisting of string, woodwind, brass, and percussion instruments
percussion ［ ］ n. 打击乐器, 鼓点
polka ［ ］ n.波尔卡舞曲
pop music n. 流行音乐，通俗音乐
quartet ［ ］ n.四重奏, 四重唱
Renaissance n.文艺复兴, 有文艺复兴时期的艺术风格的音乐
the period in Western Europe from 1400-1600; the style of music from this period
repertoire ［ ］ n.(准备好演出的)节目, 保留剧目
an inventory of compositions mastered and performed by a musician or ensemble
Requiem Mass n. 安魂曲
a Mass for the dead
rhumba ［ ］ n.(=rumba)伦巴舞蹈, 伦巴乐曲
a ballroom dance based on the Afro Cuban rumba
rhythm ［ ］ n.节奏, 韵律
rock n. 摇滚乐
salsa ［ ］ n. 萨尔萨舞曲, 拉丁美洲一种流行舞曲
samba［ ］ n.桑巴舞(一种源自非洲的巴西舞)
score n. 乐谱
solo n.独奏曲, 独唱
sonata n.[音]奏鸣曲
a multimovement composition for solo instrument, or instruments and keyboard accompaniment
soprano n.女高音
symphony n.交响乐, 交响曲
tango n.探戈
an Argentinean dance in duple meter with long, gliding steps
tempo n.(音乐)速度、拍子, 发展速度
the speed of the music, based on the beat
tenor n. [音] 男高音
a high pitched male voice
theme n. [音] 主题, 主题曲, 主旋律
theme and variations n. [音]主题与变奏
trio   ［ ］ n.三重唱
vocal range n. 音域
waltz   ［ ］ n.华尔兹舞, 华尔兹舞曲

SECTION II: 中译英
2.1 中国文化

四大发明 the four great inventions of ancient China
   [扩展]
火药gunpowder
印刷术 printing
造纸术paper-making
指南针the compass
中国古代哲学家 Ancient Chinese Philosophers
[扩展]
孔子 Confucius
孟子Mencius
老子 Lao Tzu
庄子Chuang Tzu
墨子Mo Tzu
孙子Sun Tzu
(注：see attached for famous quotations of Ancient Chinese Philosophers 引言见附录)
道Tao , “the way”, the principle of the workings of the universe
仁 humaneness (also mean: humanity, benevolence, goodness, virtue)
四书The Four Books
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《大学 》The Great Learning
《中庸》The Doctrine of the Mean
《论语》The Analects of Confucius
《孟子》The Mencius
书法五大书体five major styles of calligraphy
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篆书 seal script / seal character
隶书 official script / clerical script
行书 running script / semi-cursive script
草书 cursive script
楷书 regular script / standard script
中国画 traditional Chinese painting
水墨画Chinese brush painting; ink and wash painting
工笔   traditional Chinese realistic painting
六艺: six classical arts
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礼rites
乐music
射archery
御riding
书writing
数arithmetic
孙子兵法The Art of War
汉字 Chinese character
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(汉字)笔画 stroke
偏旁部首 radical
书写体系 writing system
汉藏语系Sino-Tibetan
汉学家Sinologist / Sinologue
中国热 Sinomania
同宗同源 of the same origin
华夏祖先 the Chinese ancestors
单音节 single syllable
汉语有 “合理的逻辑性” Chinese language is “soberly logical” (Edward Sapir, American linguist)
汉语四声调the four tones of Chinese characters
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level tone阳平
rising tone阴平
falling-rising tone上声
falling tone去声
武术 martial art
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中国武术 Kung fu
武术门派 styles or schools of martial art
习武健身practice martial art for fitness
古代格斗术ancient form of combat
中国武术协会 Chinese Martial Art Association
武林高手top martial artist
气功Qigong, deep breathing exercises
柔道 judo
空手道Karate
跆拳道tae kwon do
拳击boxing
摔跤wrestling
击剑fencing
仗剑走天涯walk the earth (with a sword)
武侠小说 tales of roving knights; kung fu novels
中国文学Chinese literature
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《三国演义》Three Kingdoms
《西游记》 Journey to the West; Pilgrimage to the West
《红楼梦》Dream of the Red Mansions
《山海经》 the Classic of Mountains and Rivers
《资治通鉴》History as a Mirror；Comprehensive History Retold as a Mirror for Rulers
《西厢记》 the Romance of West Chamber
《水浒传》 Heroes of the Marshes; Tales of the Water Margin
《聊斋志异》 Strange Tales of a Lonely Studio; Strange Tales from Make-Do Studio
《围城》Fortress Besieged
《阿Q正传》 The True Story of Ah Q
春秋 the Spring and Autumn Annals
史记 Historical Records
诗经 The Books of Songs；the Book of Odes
书经 The Books of History
易经 I Ching; the Book of Changes
礼记 the Book of Rites
孝经Book of Filial Piety
三字经 three-character scripture； three-word chant
八股文 eight-part essay; stereotyped writing
五言绝句 five-character quatrain
七言律诗 seven-character octave
中国建筑 Chinese architecture
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四合院 quadrangle, the traditional Chinese single-story houses with rows of rooms around the four sides of a courtyard
蒙古包(Mongolian) yurt
碑刻, 碑文, 碑铭inscriptions on a tablet
碑林the forest of steles, tablet forest
道观Taoist temple
殿hall
烽火台 beacon tower
鼓楼 drum tower
华表 ornamental column
回廊corridor
祭坛 altar
假山rockeries
角楼watchtower
廊 corridor
牌楼 pailou, decorated archway
桥bridges
石舫 stone boat
石窟 grotto
水榭 pavilion on the water
塔 pagoda; tower
台 terrace
坛altar
亭阁 pavilion
钟楼 bell tower
柱pillar, column, post
陵墓 emperor’s mausoleum/tomb
重要文化遗产major cultural heritage
优秀民间艺术outstanding folk arts                                                          
文物cultural relics
中国结   Chinese knot
旗袍Cheongsam
中山装Chinese tunic suit
唐装traditional Chinese garments (clothing)，Tang suit
景泰蓝cloisonné
朝廷使者 royal court envoy
文人 men of letters
雅士 refined scholars
文化产业culture industry
文化底蕴cultural deposits
文化事业cultural undertaking
文化交流cross-cultural communication
文化冲突culture shock
民族文化national culture
民间文化folk culture
城镇文化urban culture
乡村文化rural culture
当地文化native culture
表演艺术performing art
现代流行艺术popular art, pop art
纯艺术high art
高雅艺术refined art
电影艺术cinematographic art
戏剧艺术theatrical art
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生 (男性正面角色) male (the positive male role)
旦 (女性正面角色) female (the positive female role)
净 (性格鲜明的男性配角) a supporting male role with striking character
丑 (幽默滑稽或反面角色) a clown or a negative role
花脸painted role
独角戏 monodrama；one-man show
歌舞喜剧musical
滑稽场面, 搞笑小噱头shtick
滑稽短剧skit
京剧票友 amateur performer of Beijing Opera / Peking Opera fan
京剧人物脸谱Peking Opera Mask
口技 ventriloquism
木偶戏 puppet show
旁白voice over
皮影戏 shadow play; leather-silhouette show
说书 story-telling
叠罗汉 make a human pyramid
折子戏 opera highlights
踩高跷stilt walk
哑剧 pantomime; mime
哑剧演员 pantomimist
戏剧小品 skit
马戏circus show
单口相声monologue comic talk, standup comedy
特技表演stunt
相声witty dialogue comedy, comic cross talk
杂技 acrobatics
京韵大鼓the traditional story-telling in Beijing dialect with drum accompaniment
秦腔shaanxi opera
篆刻sealcutting
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阴文characters cut in intaglio
阳文characters cut in relief
图章 seal
刻刀graver
拓碑 making rubbings from stone inscriptions
拓片 rubbing
工艺, 手艺 workmanship / craftsmanship
手工艺品 handicraft
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木雕wood carving
黄杨木雕boxwood craft
雕漆carved lacquerware
石雕stone carving
微雕 miniature engraving
象牙雕ivory carving
竹雕bamboo engraving
贝雕shell carving
冰雕 ice sculpture
彩塑painted sculpture
瓷釉enamel
刺绣embroidery
卷轴scroll
蜡染batik
泥人 clay figure
漆画lacquer painting
漆器Lacquer ware
青瓷色Celadon
双面绣two-sided embroidery
水墨画Landscape/ ink painting
苏绣Suzhou embroidery
檀香扇sandalwood fan
唐三彩Trio-colored glazed pottery of the Tang Dynasty
陶器 pottery
制陶业Ceramics
文房四宝The four stationery treasures of the Chinese study --- a writing brush, an ink stick, an ink stone and paper
砚刻inkslab engraving
宜兴陶Yixing pottery
折扇Folding fan
枝编工艺Wickerwork
织锦, 挂毯Tapestry
纸工艺品papier mache
中国画Chinese painting
民间传说 folklores
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寓言fable
传说 legend
神话mythology
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玉皇大帝God of Heaven
八仙 the Eight Immortals
嫦娥 Chang’e, the Chinese moon goddess
伏羲 Fu Xi, God of Fishery and Husbandry
福禄寿三星god of fortune, god of prosperity, god and longevity
财神 god of fortune
灶神 god of the kitchen
共工 Gonggong, God of Water
后羿 Houyi (a legendary hero who shot down nine suns)
黄帝 Yellow Emperor
夸父 Kuafu (a fabled sun-chasing giant)
女娲 Nuwa : a goddess who patches up the sky
盘古 Pan Gu , creator of the universe
神农 Patron of Agriculture
禹 Yu , the reputed founder of the Xia Dynasty
祝融 Zhurong, God of Fire
古为今用,洋为中用make the past serve the present and the foreign serve china 赋诗inscribe a poem
对对联matching an antithetical couplet
阳历Solar calendar
公历Gregorian calendar
阴历Lunar calendar
天干heavenly stem
地支earthly branch
闰年leap year
二十四节气the twenty-four solar terms
十二生肖zodiac
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Rat 鼠
Ox 牛
Tiger 虎
Hare 兔
Dragon 龙
Snake 蛇
Horse 马
Sheep 羊
Monkey 猴
Rooster 鸡
Dog 狗
Pig猪
猴年 year of monkey
本命年 one's year of birth considered in relation to the 12 Terrestrial Branches
传统节日traditional holidays
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春节 Spring Festival
拜年pay a New Year visit
爆竹, 鞭炮firecracker
除夕 Eve of Chinese New Year
春联 Spring couplets
辞旧迎新 ring out the old year and ring in the new
饺子 Jiaozi, boiled dumpling
锅贴 pot sticker
庙会 temple fair
鸣钟辞旧岁ring out the old year
年画 (traditional) New Year pictures
年夜饭 the Eve Feast; family reunion dinner on Lunar New Year’s Eve
年终大扫除 year-end household cleaning
守岁 stay up late on the New Year’s Eve
团圆饭 family reunion dinner
压岁钱 New Year gift-money; money given to children as a New Year gift
舞龙dragon dance
元宵节 Lantern Festival (15th day of the first lunar month)
元宵 sweet sticky rice dumplings
花灯festival lantern
灯谜lantern riddle
狮子舞 lion dance
踩高跷stilt walking
清明节 Pure Brightness Festival / Tomb-sweeping Day (April the 5th)
扫墓sweep tomb sites of loved ones
祭祖offer sacrifices to the ancestors
踏青go for an outing in spring
端午节 Dragon Boat Festival (5th of the fifth lunar month)
赛龙舟dragon boat race
粽子 zongzi (pyramid-shaped dumpling made by glutinous rice wrapped in reed or bamboo leaves)
Departed soul 亡灵
忠臣loyal minister
诗人屈原Quyuan the poet
中秋节 Moon Festival / Mid-Autumn Day (15th of the eight lunar month)
月饼 mooncake
赏月 appreciate the glorious full moon
团圆 reunion
桂花 sweet osmanthus
重阳节 Double Ninth Day / the Aged Day
     赏菊 admire the beauty of chrysanthemum
登高 climb mountain
中药TCM traditional Chinese medicine （详见HEALTH一章）
秦始皇帝 First Emperor, Emperor Chin
皇太后 Empress Dowager
汉高祖刘邦founder of the Han Dynasty (206BC-220AD)
成吉思汗       Genghis Khan ; Temujin
才子佳人       gifted scholars and beautiful ladies
文明摇篮 cradle of civilization
夏朝 Xia Dynasty
明清两代 (of) Ming and Qing dynasties
中华文明 Chinese civilization
文明摇篮 cradle of civilization
地名：特别注意四川和陕拼法
四川 Sichuan, Szechwan, Szechuan
陝西　Shaanxi
古文明研究中心 Research Center for Ancient Civilizations
中外学者 Chinese and overseas scholars
考古学家 archaeologists
人类学家 anthropologist
历史学家 historian
地理学家geographer
江南水乡 the south of the lower reaches of the Yangze River
水乡景色 riverside scenery

2.2 体育, 娱乐

2008夏季奥运会    2008 summer Olympics
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主办2008年奥运会 host the 2008 Olympic Games
奥运会火炬 Olympic torch
奥运村 Olympic village
奥运选手 Olympian
奥运会核心精神 the core spirit of the Olympic games
更快、更高、更强 Citius, Altius, Fortius
东道国 host country
主办城市 host city
冬奥会 Olympic Winter Games
国际奥委会 IOC (International Olympic Committee)
会歌 anthem
会徽 emblem
申办 bid
申办成功 win the bidding
板球 criket
公开赛 open / open tournament
锦标赛 championships
国家体育总局 State Physical Culture Administration
健美运动 bodybuilding
教练 coach / trainer
举重 weight lifting
马术 equitation
球类运动 ball games
赛马 horse race
射击 shooting
射箭 archery
室内运动 indoor sports
室外运动 outdoor sports
体育道德、 运动家精神 sportsmanship
田径 track and field
跳高 high jump
跳远 long jump
马拉松 marathon
职业选手 professional athlete
自行车赛 cycling
跨栏 hurdle race
体操 gymnastics
接力赛 relay race
冰球 hockey
娱乐 recreation / entertainment
[扩展]
《伯尔尼公约》（有关保护文学和艺术作品版权的公约）Berne Convention    
比基尼 bikini
茶道    sado
敞蓬车    convertible
宠物医院 pet clinic
传媒   media
吹风会   briefing
大开眼界    open one's eyes; broaden one's horizon; be an eye-opener
大众传媒 mass media (of communications)
发烧友 zealot; enthusiastic fan
狗仔队   paparazzo (singular), paparazzi(plural)
广告妙语   punch line
吉尼斯世界记录    Guinness Book of Records
家庭影院       home theater
票房    box office
泼水节   Water-Sprinkling Festival
群众精神文化生活people's cultural life         
人体彩绘   body painting
迪斯尼乐园 Disneyland
米老鼠 Mickey mouse
唐老鸭 Donald Duck
特技演员stunt man   
替身演员 stand-in; double
选美   beauty contest, beauty pageant                                                        
综艺节目   variety show

2.3 饮食文化

各大菜系       major styles of cooking / cuisine
粽子Zongzi: a pyramid-shaped dumpling made of glutinous rice wrapped in bamboo or reed leaves (eaten on the Dragon Boat Festival)
月饼moon cake
蜜饯candied preserved fruit / sweetened preserved plums
豆沙sweet bean paste
蛋黄egg yolk
咸蛋黄 marinated egg yolk
海鲜seafood
扇贝scallop
大葱scallion
葱green onion
肉馅minced meat
鱼糜minced fillet
虾糜minced shrimp
饺子Jiaozi boiled dumpling
八宝饭8-treasure rice
鲤鱼carp
青鱼black carp
草鱼grass carp
欧洲鲫鱼crucian carp
鲫鱼golden carp
鲈鱼bass
桂鱼Chinese perch
石斑鱼garoupa
三文鱼/ 大麻哈鱼salmon
金枪鱼tuna
鳕鱼cod
年糕rice cake – year cake
胡桃walnut
饭票, 餐券 meal ticket
涮羊肉thin slices of mutton for boiling in a hot pot
芝麻sesame
油条deep-fried dough sticks
酱油soy sauce
绿豆mung beans
油饼deep-fried dough cake
汤soup
菜 dish
豆浆soybean milk
盖交饭rice served with meat and veggies on top
香菜cilantro (Chinese parsley cilantro/ coriander)
粉丝glass noodles; vermicelli made from bean starch, etc.
馒头steamed buns
花卷steamed twisted rolls
包子steamed stuffed buns
肉包子steamed bun with meat filling
肉馅meat filling
豆沙包steamed bun filled with bean paste
豆沙馅bean-paste filling
春卷spring roll ( a thin sheet of dough, stuffed, rolled and fried)
包饺子making Chinese dumplings
案板kneading board
擀面杖rolling pin
馅stuffing; filling
面团儿dough
饺子皮dumpling wrappers
馄饨皮wonton wrappers
网筛wire strainer
蒸笼bamboo (food) steamer
锅贴pot sticker
烧卖shaomai (a steamed dumpling with the dough gathered at the top)
葱饼scallion pancake
推棍儿pancake spreader
甜面酱sweet sauce made of fermented flour
北京烤鸭Beijing roast duck
面条noodles
拉面hand-stretched noodles; ramen
方便面instant noodle
挂面fine dried noodles
炒面fried noodles
凉面cold noodles in sauce
馄饨wonton (dumplings in soup)
刀削面shaved noodles
米粉rice flour
面粉wheat flour
烤面包toast
果酱jam
三明治sandwich
热狗hot dog
汉堡包hamburger
糖纳滋doughnut
百吉饼、面包圈 bagel
高粱饴sorghum candy
酒心糖liqueur-filled candy
口香糖chewing gum
泡泡糖bubble gum
山楂片haw flakes
糖炒栗子chestnuts roast (in sand) with brown sugar
爆米花popcorn
松糕sponge cake
绿豆粥mung bean porridge
红豆粥red bean porridge
杏核豆腐almond bean curd
豆腐tofu (bean curd)
麻花fried dough twist
萨其马egg crisp cake
鱿鱼squid
笋bamboo shoot
笋干air-dried bamboo shoot
香菇dried mushroom
草菇straw mushroom
猴菇hedgehog mushroom
木耳wood-ear/ Jew’s ear
白木耳tremella
冬虫夏草Chinese caterpillar fungus
海带kelp
紫菜seaweed
燕窝bird’s nest
海蜇jellyfish
海参sea cucumber
鲍鱼abalone
鱼翅shark’s fin
熊掌bear’s paw
豆腐泡beancurd puff
腐乳fermented beancurd
刀工cutting technique
切丁dice
切条slice
切丝shred
剁、剁碎chop
切碎(成泥) mince
方块cube
块chunk
瓜子sunflower seeds
莲藕lotus root
莲子lotus seeds
青蒜，韭葱leek
韭菜Chinese chives / leek
平菇oyster mushroom
苦瓜bitter gourd
四季豆、菜豆string bean， snap bean，green bean
豌豆荚、雪豆荚snow pea
豆芽bean sprout
绿豆芽mung bean sprouts
黄豆芽soybean sprouts
枣子Chinese dates
山楂haw
石榴pomegranate
弥猴桃、奇异果kiwi fruit
荔枝lychee
龙眼longan
橘子tangerine
西柚、葡萄柚grapefruit
佛手瓜Buddha’s-hand; fingered citron
木瓜papaya
核桃仁walnut meat
松子，松人pine nut kernels
西瓜子melon seeds
腰果cashew nut
榛果, 榛子hazelnut
葡萄grape
核桃 walnut
谷grain; cereal
米 rice
long rice 长米，较硬，煮前先泡一个小时
Pudding rice or short rice 短米，较软
Brown rice 糙米 　 　
THAI Fragrant rice 泰国香米
Glutinous rice 糯米
强力面粉strong flour
中筋面粉，不含发酵粉的面粉plain flour
自发粉self- raising flour
小麦面粉whole meal flour
砂糖brown sugar
红糖（感冒时煮姜汤时用）dark brown sugar
糖粉icing sugar
冰糖rock sugar 　 　
醋 vinger
玉米淀粉、太白粉cornstarch
麦芽糖maltose
芝麻sesame seeds
麻油sesame oil
蚝油oyster sauce
胡椒pepper
白胡椒white pepper
黑胡椒black pepper
辣椒粉red chilli powder
芝麻酱sesame paste
味精msg （monosodium glutamate）
豆鼓black bean sauce
大红豆red kidney bean
冬菇dried black mushroom
酸菜pickled mustard-green
八角、茴香anise
荸荠、马蹄water chestnuts
虾米dried shrimps
明虾prawn
美食节 gourmet festival
中餐烹饪Chinese cuisine; Chinese culinary art
色香味形 color, aroma, taste and appearance
四大菜系：four major Chinese cusines:
山东菜 Shangdong cuisine
川菜 Sichuan cuisine
粤菜 Canton cuisine
扬州菜Yangzhou cuisine
南淡北咸 the light southern cuisine and the salty northern cusine
东甜西辣 the sweet eastern cuisine and the spicy western cuisine
八宝饭 eight-treasure rice pudding
风味小吃 local delicacy
切片 slice
切丝 shred
切丁 dice
切碎 mince
绞碎 grind
大、旺、武火 high heat
中火 medium heat
小、微、文火 low heat
煎pan-fry
炒stir-fry; sauté
爆 quick-fry
炸 deep-fry
烩 stew
熏smoke
煨, 炖simmer, stew
煮 boil
烘 bake
烤 bake; roast, grill
架烤 grill; BBQ
蒸 steam
红烧 braise (with soy sauce)
涮 (羊肉) dip-boil (mutton slices)

2.4哲学与宗教
无神论atheism
[详析]- the doctrine or belief that there is no God or gods.
创世论creationism
[详析]the belief that God created the universe, including all life, in its present form precisely as stated in the Bible in the book of Genesis.
进化论Darwinism
[详析]the theory that the origin of the species is derived by descent, with variation, from parent forms, through the natural selection of those best adapted to survive in the struggle for existence.
宿命论determinism
[详析] a philosophical concept which postulates that all events, including human actions, are predetermined.
辩证的dialectic
[详析] the art or practice of a logical discussion as of the truth of a theory or opinion.
启蒙运动enlightenment
[详析] a trend during the 18th century that favored the power of human reason. It was believed that knowledge could only come from observation guided by reason and that through reason, continuing progress in knowledge, achievement, and morality could be sustained. Further, that through education, human nature could be changed for the better.
耶和华Jehovah
[详析] 基督教《圣经•旧约》中的上帝, 也是耶和华见证派信奉的上帝
女神 goddess
先知 illuminati
[详析] persons possessing or claiming to possess superior understanding and knowledge
实证主义 positivism
[详析]that which has to be accepted as we find it and is not given to further explanation.
苏格拉底问答法Socratic method
[详析]a teacher, by questioning his student, brings the student to recognize some conclusion without telling the student that the conclusion is true.
佛教Buddhism
      [扩展]
藏经楼 depositary of Buddhist sutra
藏经洞 a cave fro preserving Buddhist sutra
禅   Dhyana / Zen
禅宗 Zen
禅宗大师 Zen master
大藏经   Tripitaka
大乘佛教Great Vehicle (from north)
小乘佛教 Lesser Vehicle (from south)
大雄宝殿 the Great Buddha’s Hall
大昭寺   Jokhang Temple
地藏god of earth
佛龛 shrine
佛寺Buddhist temple
佛像 statue of Buddha
舍利子     Buddha's relics
身外之物       worldly possessions
十八罗汉The Eighteen Disciples of the Buddha
罗汉堂Arhat Hall
释迦牟尼Sakyamuni
四大金刚Four Heavenly Guardians; Four Devarajas
涅槃 ( 佛 ) nirvana
因果报应 Karma
儒教Confucianism
孔子 Confucius
孔庙 Temple of Confucius
道教Taoism
[例句]：Around 3000 Before Current Era in ancient China there were great warring states. Two Chinese philosophers, Lao Tzu and Confucius, took different approaches to the problem. Both Taoism and Confucianism have become religions to some people, while others hold them to be wise philosophies.
道观Taoist temple
藏学Tibetology
喇嘛 Lama
喇嘛教Lamaism
喇嘛庙 Lamasery
转世 reincarnation
转世灵童   reincarnated soul boy
异教徒    infidel
宗教矛盾 religious contradictions  
宗教仪式 (religious) ritual
邪教cult    
邪教组织evil cult gangs  
形而上学   metaphysics
圣君 sage-king
基督教 Christian
基督教新教 Protestant
基督科学会Scientology
天主教 Catholic
耶和华见证会 Jehovah’s Witness
耶稣基督 Jesus Christ
洗礼 baptism
摩门教 Mormon (the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints)
伊斯兰教 Islam
强硬派伊斯兰教徒   hard -line Islamist
古兰经 the Koran
清真寺 Mosque
素菜馆 vegetarian restaurant
斋月 (伊斯兰教 ) Ramadan/ month of fast
教堂church
寺庙temple
大教堂cathedral
小礼拜堂chapel
修道院abbey
尼姑庵nunnery

CHAPTER 5

HEALTH
健康
____________________________________

编者提示:

本章英译汉部分涉及到一些有关健康与疾病以及现代科方面的难词. 这些词汇最容易出现在中高级阅读文章里. 当然与健康有关的话题也可能出现在口试的口语与口译中，　不过不会太过深入，　常与环境或经济生活挂钩．本章汉译英部分收集的有关中医的词汇则是口译口试中的难点.

SECTION I: 英译中

A
a period of debility   [ ] n. 体能低落、衰弱期
acne    [ ]       n. 痤疮，粉剌
active sleep   n. 积极睡眠
acute    [ ]     adj. 急性的
adrenalin   [ ] n. 肾上腺素
adverse effect   n. 反作用
aerobics [ ] n. 有氧运动
AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome) 艾滋病 (获得性免疫缺陷综合)
alcoholic poison [ ] n.酒精中毒
alkalinity or acidity [ ] [ ]n. 酸碱性
allergy   [ ]n. 过敏
Alzheimer’s disease [ ] n. 老年痴呆症
amino acids [ ] n. 氨基酸
anemia [ ] n. 贫血
anoxia [ ] n. 缺氧
anthrax [ ] n. 炭疽
anti-aging   adj. 抗衰老
antibiotics   [ ] n. 抗生素
antibody   n. 抗体
antipruritic   [ ] adj. 止痒剂，止痒的
anti-SARS campaign n. 抗非典斗争
artery   [ ] n. 动脉
arthritis [ ] n. 关节炎
artificial heart   n. 人造心脏
artificial hormones   n. 人造激素
asthma [ ] n. 哮喘
avian influenza (bird flu) [ ] n. 禽流感

B

B.O. (Body Odor)   n. 体臭
backache n.背痛
bacterium(Pl．bacteria)   [ ] n. 细菌
balm    n. 止痛膏，香油
behavioral therapy [ ] n. 行为疗法
belch   [ ] n./v. 打嗝
bioengineering   n. 生物工程
biologist   n. 生物学家
bird flu   n. 禽流感
bleeding    n. 出血
blemish [ ]   n. 瑕疵，疤痕
blister    [ ] n. 水泡
blood circulation    n. 血液循环
blood vessel n. 血管
bone marrow [ ] n. 骨髓
bronchitis   [ ] n. 支气管炎
bruise     [ ] n. / v. 瘀伤, 擦伤, 青紫
BSE (bovino spongiform encephalopathy)   n. 疯牛病
burp n. 饱嗝儿, 打嗝 v.打饱嗝

C

callus [ ] n. 老茧
calorie [ ] n. 卡路里
cancer    n. 癌，毒瘤
capillary   [ ]n. 毛细管
carbohydrate   [ ]n. 碳水化合物
cardiac     [ ]adj./n.心脏(病)的
cardiologist   [ ] n. 心脏病专家
cataract    [ ] n. 白内障
cellulite   [ ] n. 脂肪团块
chest cavity     n. 胸腔
chickenpox n. 水痘
cholera     [ ]n. 霍乱
cholesterol [ ] n. 胆固醇
chronic       adj. 慢性的
chronic asymptomatic HBV carriers [ ] 慢性无症状乙型肝炎病毒携带者
cirrhosis of liver [ ] n. 肝硬化
(masked palm) civet    [ ] n. 果子狸
cleanse     v. 清洗, 净化
colic     [ ] n. 绞痛，疝气
coma    n.昏迷
comatose   adj. 昏睡的，昏迷不醒的
communicable diseases 传染病
corona virus [ ] 冠状病毒
condom   [ ] n. 安全套
congenital defects [ ] n. 先天性缺陷
contagious   [ ] adj. 传染性的
contraceptive coil   [ ] n. 避孕环
convulsion   [ ] n.惊厥, 痉挛
coronary disease [ ] n. 冠心病
cough   v./n. 咳嗽
coughing fit   n. 咳嗽发作
craving    n. 强烈的愿望

D

dandruff [ ] n. 头皮屑
deadly    adj. 致命的
debilitate [ ] vt. 使衰弱, 使虚弱
dehydration   [ ] n. 脱水
dementia   [ ] n. 痴呆
deodorize   [ ] vt. 除臭
dermatologist [ ] n. 皮肤科医生
dermatology [ ] n. 皮肤病学
diabetes   [ ] n. 糖尿病
diagnosis [ ] n. 诊断
dialysis machine [ ]n. 透析机
diarrhea [ ] n.痢疾,腹泻
die a grim death   惨死
diet plan   n. 食物计划
dietitian   [ ] n. 营养专家
dilated pupil examination   [ ] n. 瞳孔放大检查
disinfectant   [ ] n. 消毒剂
dizziness   n. 头昏眼花
dose   n. 剂量
dream cycle   n. 做梦周期
dropsy [ ] n. 水肿, 浮肿
duodenal ulcer [ ] n. 十二指肠溃疡
dyspepsia [ ] n. 消化不良

E

eating disorder   n. 食欲紊乱
elasticity   [ ] n. 弹力，弹性
embryo [ ] n. 胚胎
embryology   [ ] n. 胚胎学
epidemic   [ ] adj.流行的, 传染的 n.时疫, 流行病
epidemic encephalitis B    [ ] n. 流行性乙型脑炎
epidemiology [ ] n. 流行病学
euthanasia / mercy killing [ ] n. 安乐死
extrovert [ ] n. /adj. 性格外向的(人)

F

fatal   n. 致命的
fertilization [ ] n. 授精
fetus   [ ]n. 胎儿
fever   n.发烧
fitness center   n. 健康中心
fitness    n. 健康
flatulence   [ ] n. 肠胃气胀
flu shot    n.（打）抗流感针
foot -and- mouth disease n. 口蹄疫
fructose   [ ] n. 果糖
fungus (pl. fungi) [ ] n. 真菌
futile   [ ]adj. 无效的

G

gasp   v. 喘气，倒吸气
genes [ ] n. 基因
genetic information [ ] n. 遗传信息
genome   [ ]n. 基因组
germicide [ ] n. 杀菌剂
gestation [ ]n. 怀孕
GM food (genetically modified food)    n 转基因食品
GMOs (Genetically Modified Organisms) n. 转基因生物     
gingivitis [ ] n. 齿龈炎
gland [ ]   n. 腺
glucose [ ] n. 葡萄糖
gum    n. 齿龈

H

hair-raising    adj. 使人毛骨悚立的
hatch    v. / n. 孵化
health care products n. 保健品    
herbal medicine    草药
heart attack   n. 心脏病发作
heart failure   n.心力衰竭
hemorrhoids [ ] n. 痔疮
hepatitis     [ ] n. 肝炎
hepatitis A   n. 甲肝
hepatitis B    n. 乙肝
herbal essence    n. 草药精，草本精华
heredity   [ ] n. 遗传
herpes    [ ] n. 疱疹
hiccup   [ ] n. / v.打嗝
high blood pressure   n. 高血压
high cholesterol   [ ] n. 胆固醇过高
HIV (human immunodeficiency virus)   人体免疫缺损病毒，艾滋病病毒
HIV-positive   adj. 艾滋病病毒测试呈阳性
hoarseness [ ] n.嘶哑, 刺耳
holistic medicine [ ] n. 全身 (整体) 治疗的药物, 如中药
homosexually transmitted disease n. 由同性恋传播的疾病
hormone [ ] n. 荷尔蒙，激素
human genome   n. 人类基因图谱
hypertension [ ]   n. 高血压, 过度紧张
hypotension   [ ]   n. 血压过低

I

immune system   n. 免疫系统
immunity [ ]    n. 免疫性
implant   v. /n. 植入
impotence [ ] n. 阳萎
in a vegetative state 处于植物人状态
incubator [ ] n. 孵卵器, 早产儿保育器
infected    adj. 被感染的
infertility   [ ] n. 不孕, 不育
inflamed skin [ ] n. 皮肤发炎
injection    n. 注射
inoculate   [ ] v. 打预防针, 接种疫苗
insemination [ ] n. 授精
insomnia     [ ] n.失眠, 失眠症
insulin       [ ]    n. 胰岛素
introspective   [ ] adj. 内省，内向的，
introvert   [ ] n. / adj.性格内向的(人)
irregular pulse   n. 脉律不齐
irritable   adj. 急躁的
isolation   n. 隔离
itching    adj. 发痒的、渴望的
itchy    adj. 使人发痒的，不安静的，神经质的
IVF (in-vitro fertilization)   [ ] n. 试管受精

K

kidney stones n. 肾结石
kidney transplant   n. 肾移植

L

lactose   [ ] n. 乳糖
laser treatment    n. 激光疗法
lesion    [ ] n. 感染的皮肤, 损伤
living donor     n. （活体）器官捐献者
lobe     [ ] n. 耳垂，（肺，肝等的）叶

M

malaria   [ ] n. 疟疾
mandatory testing   [ ] n. 强制测试
manicure   [ ] n. 修指甲
mate    v.交配
maternity leave [ ] 产假
matrix   [ ] n.子宫
menopause [ ] n. 更年期
mental deterioration [ ] n. 神经退化、衰弱
mental disorder   n. 精神紊乱
metabolism [ ] n. 新陈代谢
microbe   [ ] n. 微生物, 细菌
micro-organism   n. 微生物
microprocessor [ ] n. 微处理器，单片机
migraine [ ] n. 偏头痛
molecule   [ ] n. 分子
morbidity rate [ ] n. 发病率
morning sickness n. (孕妇) 晨吐
mortality rate   n. 死亡率
mouth hygiene [ ] n. 口腔卫生

N

near-sighted adj. 近视的
nerve pathway [ ] n. 神经通道
neurological   [ ] adj. 神经学的
neurologist   n. 神经科医师
neuropathy   [ ] n. 神经病
nicotine      [ ] n. 尼古丁
numbness    n. 麻木
nutrient    [ ] adj. 有营养的，养分
nutrition   [ ] n. 营养，营养学

O

obesity     [ ] n. 肥胖症
odds    [ ]   n. 可能的机会；几率
odor    [ ] n. 气味
offspring   [ ] n. 后代
OTC drugs   n. 非处方药
outbreak n. (疫情等)暴发

P

paralysis   [ ] n. 瘫痪
Parkinson’s disease   n. 帕金森综合症
passive smoking / second- hand smoking n. 被动吸烟
pediatrics [ ] n. 小儿科
pedicure   [ ] n. 修脚，修脚指甲
perceptual skill   [ ] n. 感知能力
person in a vegetative state; vegetable n. 植物人
personal hygiene [ ] n. 个人卫生
pharmaceutical   [ ] n./adj. 药物，制药学的
pharmacist      [ ]   n. 药剂师
physical endurance    n. 体力、体能
pimple     [ ] n. 丘疹，面泡，青春豆
plague   [ ]   n. 瘟疫
plethora [ ]   n. 多血症
PMS （ pre-menstrual Syndrome） n. 月经前不快症状
pneumonia   [ ] n. 肺炎
pore      n. 毛孔
pregnancy    n. 怀孕
pressure      n. 压力
protein       [ ] n. 蛋白质
psychological rest    n. 心理休息
pulse       n. 脉搏
quarantine    [ ] n. /v. 隔离

R

rabies [ ] n. 狂犬病
regenerate    [ ] v. 再生
remedy     [ ]   n. 药物，治疗，矫正
renal       [ ]   adj. 肾脏
respirator     [ ] n. 口罩；人工呼吸器
     a canister respirator [ ] n. 防毒面具
rheumatism   [ ] n. 风湿
ringing in the ears n. 耳鸣
rinse    [ ] n. / v. 冲洗掉, 清洗，冲洗
royal jelly   n. 蜂王浆

S

saccharin [ ] n. 糖精
SARS-affected area   n. 非典疫区
SARS epidemic   n. 非典型性肺炎
scarlet fever [ ] n. 猩红热
secretion [ ] n. 分泌，分泌物
sedative   [ ] n.镇静剂，止痛药 adj. 镇痛的
shiatsu   [ ]   n. (日) 指压，指压按摩疗法
schistosomiasis [ ]血吸虫病
skin rash    n. 皮疹
slow-wave sleep     n. 慢波睡眠
smallpox n. 天花
sneeze       v. / n.打喷嚏
snore        n./ v. 打鼾, 鼾声
sore throat n. 喉咙痛
soreness     n. 痛，痛楚
spasm      [ ] n. 痉挛
sperm bank    n. （为人工授精提供精子的）精子库
sperm donor    [ ] n. 捐献精子的人
sprain   n. 扭伤
STD （Sexually Transmitted Disease）   n. 性传染病
stem cell     n. 干细胞
sterile    [ ] adj. 不育的，无结果的，消毒过的，无菌的
sterilization [ ] n. 消毒
steroids   [ ] n. 类固醇
stroke   [ ] n. 中风
stiff neck n. 落枕
stimulant   n. 刺激物
stinky feet   n. 臭脚
stolid     [ ] adj. 神经麻木的, 感觉迟钝的
stress      n. 压力，焦虑
stroke     [ ] n. 中风
sub-consciousness   n. 潜意识
surgeon     [ ] n. 外科医生
swelling    [ ] n. 肿胀
symptom [ ] n. 症状
syndrome [ ] n. 综合病症
syphilis [ ] n. 梅毒

T

test tube   n. 试管
the terminally ill n. 患绝症者；病入膏肓者
thrush   [ ] n. 鹅口疮
toxic    [ ] adj. 有毒的
toxin    [ ] n. 毒素
transplant   n./ v. 移植
trauma   [ ] n. 外伤，（心理）创伤
trial version   n. 试验版
tumor [ ] n. 瘤
typhoid fever [ ] n. 伤寒

U

ulcers   [ ] n. 溃疡
unconsciousness    n. 无意识, 意识不清
upset stomach n. 反胃，肚子痛
urinary incontinence [ ] n. 小便失禁

V

vaccination [ ] n. 接种疫苗
vaccine    [ ] n. 疫苗
varicose veins [ ] n. 静脉曲张
vellus   [ ] n. 毫毛
vicious circle   n. 恶性循环
virus   [ ] n. 病毒
visual disturbance n. 视力障碍
vivacious [ ] adj. 性格活泼的，快活的
voluntary and confidential testing 　　自愿的，保密的测试

W

wart   [ ] n. 疣
womb   [ ] n. 子宫
wrinkle [ ] n. 皱纹

SECTION II: 中译英
中医 TCM (Traditional Chinese medicine)

1. 中医名著 famous TCM work
2. 《黄帝内经》 Huang Di’s Classic of Internal Medicine / Yellow Emperor's   Canon of Traditional Chinese Medicine
3. 《神农本草经》 Shennong’s Herbal Classic
4. 《本草纲目》 Compendium of Materia Medica
5. 《易经》 I Ching; Book of Change
6. 万物人为贵 nothing compares to a human life
7. 救死扶伤 healing the sick and saving the dying
8. 阴阳 yin-yang, the two opposing and complementary principles in nature
9. 相生相克 mutual generation and restriction
10. 对立制约 mutually opposing and constraining
11. 互根互用interdependent and mutually promoting
12. 相互转化mutually transformational
13. 新陈代谢 metabolism
14. 针灸 acupuncture
a) 针刺疗法acupuncture
b) 艾炙疗法 moxibustion
15. 推拿 medical massage
16. 穴位acupuncture point
17. 针刺麻醉 acupuncture anesthesia
18. 综合医院 general hospital
19. 中医部 TCM section/ department
20. 拔火罐疗法 (Chinese) cupping therapy
21. 刮痧疗法skin scraping therapy with water, liquor or vegetable oil
22. 理疗 physical therapy
23. 切脉 feeling the pulse
24. 偏方folk prescription
25. 秘方 secret prescription (normally of excellent curative effect)
26. 祖传秘方   secret prescription handed down from one's ancestors
27. 阴阳五行学说 the theory of yin-yang and five elements (metal, wood, water, fire and earth)
28. 心 heart
29. 肝 liver
30. 脾spleen
31. 胃stomach
32. 肺 lung
33. 肾 kidney
34. 内伤七情 （喜、怒、忧、思、悲、恐、惊） internal causes (joy, anger, worry, thought, grief, fear and surprise)
35. 外感六淫 (风、寒、暑、湿、燥、火) external causes (wind, cold, heat, wetness, dryness and fire)
36. 中药四性 four properties of medicinal herb
a) 寒cold
b) 热hot
c) 温warm
d) 凉cool     
37. 中药五味five tastes of medicinal herb
a) 酸sour
b) 苦bitter
c) 甜sweet
d) 辣spicy
e) 咸salty
38. 按摩message therapy
39. 减肥 lose weight
40. 经络 main and collateral channels inside human body; meridian
41. 食补保健maintain good health through the intake of nourishing food
42. 太极拳 Tai chi quan; Tai chi Chuan; Taijiquan boxing
43. 延缓衰老 to defer senility
44. 药典pharmacopoeia
45. 有机整体 an organic whole
46. 瑜珈 yoga
47. 中国古代药王神农氏 Shennong, herbal medicine master of ancient China
48. 中华医学会 Chinese Medical Association
49. 安全第一，预防为主 safety first, precaution crucial.

沪江上面批发的.

==============================================

第一单元　外事接待
第一篇
制药有限公司 pharmaceutical Co. Ltd
副总经理 deputy managing director
研究生 graduate student
论文 paper
研究成果 research findings
实验助手 lab assistant
市中心 downtown area
假日酒店 Holiday Inn
旅馆招待费 hotel accommodation fee
招待所 guesthouse
舒适如归 make sb. comfortable
不尽如人意之处 inconvenience in life and work
排忧解难 help sb. out

第二篇
Stanford University 斯坦福大学
a land of wonder充满奇观的国家
head office 总部
magical power 神奇的魅力
Oriental 东方的
Confucianism 儒家思想
Taoism 道家学说
inexplicable 难以言表的
set foot on 踏上……的土地
cosmopolitan city 国际大都市
maximize 充分利用
in no time 不久
rewarding 有成效的

第二单元　礼仪祝辞
第一篇
阁下 your excellency...
建交 the establishment of diplomatic relations
近海石油勘探 offshore oil exploration
积贫积弱,任人宰割 enduring impoverishment, long-standing debility and was for a time at the mercy of other countries
落后要挨打 lagging behind leaves one vulnerable to attacks
刻骨铭心的教训 never-forgotten lesson
中华民族伟大复兴 the rejuvenation of China
不懈努力 make unremitting efforts
与时具近 keep pace with the times
第一要务 the primary task
发展是硬道理 development is of overriding importance
科学发展观 scientific outlook
和谐社会 harmonious society
互利共赢 win-win
本着……的精神 it is in the spirit of
一贯奉行 in the persistent pursuit of
双边关系 bilateral relations
祝酒 join sb in a toast

第二篇
mission 代表团
gracious hospitality友好款待
convey 转达
bosom friend 知己
thriving and robust 蓬勃向上
megalopolis 特大型城市
boast 以……为自豪
unequalled 不能与……相媲美
miraculous rise 奇迹般地迅速崛起
financial giants 金融业的巨头
business community商业界
manufacturing industry 制造业
IPR(intellectual property rights) 知识产权
joint consultancy service 合资咨询服务机构
transnational corportation 跨国公司
last but not least   最后
at one's earliest convenience   在其方便的时候，尽早……
cherish 珍惜
economic recession 经济不景气
ensure a sustained growth   确保持续增长
on the occasion of   请允许我借……的机会……

第三单元　商务谈判
第一篇
进出口商品交易会 import and export commodities fair
销售部经理 sales manager
supply department 采购部
brochure 宣传小册子
scope of business 经营范围
machine tool 机床
workmanship   工艺
make an inquiry 询价
quotation 报价
C.I.F Seattle    西雅图到岸价(*cost,insurance.freight)
调整价格 adjust the price
competitive 具有竞争力
bulk 很大
substantially 大大地
展台 exhibition stand

第二篇
经营的新品 new line of business
汽车零部件 auto parts
update 调整
at the cost of   不惜以……为代价
our part   我方
发盘/报盘   offer
折扣 discount
supplies 货物
free sample 免费样品
inspection 检验
floor offer 底盘
counter-offer   还盘
合同格式 format of contract
规格 specification
单价 unit price
保险费由贵方承担 the insurance premium should be born by your side
business transaction 生意顺利成交

第四单元　旅游观光
第一篇
广袤无垠的中华大地    the boundless expanse of the Chinese territory
绚丽多姿的自然景观   gorgeous and varied natural scenery
如诗如画   poetic and picturesque
名胜古迹   places of historic interest and scenic beauty
兵马俑 terra-cotta sodiers and horses
故宫   the Imperial Palace
五岳之首 the most famous of China's 5 great mountains
峻拔突兀   majestic and precipitous appeal
山外有山   mountains beyond mountains
融自然与文化景观于一体   embody natural scenery and cultural heritage
奇石,清瀑,古松,亭阁 grotesque rock formation, clear waterfalls,old-age pine trees and pavilions
历代文人雅士书法家 famous ancient writers,scholars and calligraphers of various dynasty
石刻碑文 stone inscription
重峦叠嶂   peaks rising one after another
经典佳作 great classics of ancient writers of various dynasty
华夏祖先 Chinese ancestors
吉祥之地 propitious place
祭祀天地 offer sacrifices to Heaven and Earth
联合国教科文组织   UNESCO(c=cultural,其他不必说了吧?)
世界自然与文化遗产   World heritage Commission

第二篇
geological accident 地质变化
the earth's crust 地壳
temperate cllimatic zone 热带地区
unique fauna and flora 珍禽奇兽,奇花异草
Great Barrier   大堡礁
Ayer's Rock 阿叶尔斯石柱山
Kakadu National Park 卡喀杜国家公园
Sydney Opera House 悉尼歌剧院
skiing resort 滑雪场
gross domestic product(GDP) 国内生产总值
camping park 野营公园
caravan and cabin 汽车旅馆,公寓住所
international cuisine 国际烹饪水准
ethnic restaurant 风味餐厅
departure tax stamp 离境印花税票
American Express 美国运通信用卡

第五单元　大会发言
第一篇
20国集团   g 20(group of 20)
央行行长 Central Bank Governor
生物科技 bio-technology
科技进步日新月异 science and technology haave been making continuous progress
金融风暴 financial turbulence
贸易壁垒 trade barriers
保护主义 protectionism
取长补短 make full use of favorable condition and promote complementarity
注入新的活力 inject new vitality to
关税 tariff
减免债务 debt relief
优惠贷款 concessional load
转轨国家 countries in transition
灵活务实 flexible and pragmatic
由温饱到小康 a period of having only basic needs met to a comfortable life
历史性跨越 a historic breakthrough
底子薄 weak economic basis
全面建设小康社会 build a moderately prosperous society in an all-around way
科学发展观 the guideline of scientific development
扩大内须 expand domestic demand     
科技含量高 high scientific and technological content
转变经济增长方式 the transformation of the economic growth mode
提高自主创新能力 enhance innovative ability
促进城乡区域协调发展   facilitate a balanced developent between rural and urban areas
以人为本 people-centered
顺应时代潮流 as a response to the trend of our times

第二篇
in an atmosphere of learning   在学术气氛中
incubator 孵卵器
inception 涌现
undergrad 大学生
reengineer 调整
reduce inventory 缩短开发周期
cumulative 日积月累
compound rate 复利率
operating margin 营业利率
turnover 周转次数
outstanding receivable 未清应收帐
strategic sourcing initiative 开源节流战略
customer-driven 以顾客为驱动力
service-oriented 服务型
put a new premium on   高度重视
managerial competence   管理能力
Fortune 500 companies 财富500强
expertise 专门技术
win-win thinking   双赢思维
group synergy 协作精神
hold sb. accountable for 让……放手做
hold a grudge against 怀恨在心

第六单元　宣传介绍
第一篇
地势平坦的冲积平原   a soil deposit plain land
常住居民 permanent residents
慈悬浮列车 the maglev train
长江三角洲   Yangtze River Delta
龙头作用   play a leading role
清朝乾隆，嘉庆年间 during the reigns of Qianlong and Jiaqing of Qing Dynasty
石油化工产业   the petrochemical industry
精细化工产业   the fine chemical
家用电器产业   the home electrical appliance industry
生物医药产业   the bioengineering and pharmaceutical industry
支柱产业 pillar industry
历史文物保护单位   sites of historical interest and cultural relics under protection
海派文化 Shanghai regional culture
美食家    gourmet
清真    authentic Muslim
万国建筑博览会   exhibition of the world's architecture
内环线高架道路   elevated inner beltway
野生动物园   the Wildlife zoo
迎新撞钟活动 New year's Greeting Bell-striking
庙会   Temple Fair
桂花节 Sweet Osmanthus Festival
海纳百川，有容乃大   the sea admits hundreds of rivers for its capacity to hold
乘骐骥以驰骋兮 on your steed galloping
来吾道夫先路   on my road pioneering
聪明，精明，高明   bright,smart,wise

第二篇
British Commonwealth 英联邦
physically spread out 布局分散
predominant 主导
conglomeration 聚结
commute 外来工作者
prominent landmark 显著的地貌标志
Saint Paul's Cathedral 圣保罗大教堂
Westminster Abbey   威斯敏斯特教堂
monarchy   君主政体
coronation   加冕礼
Buckingham Palace   白金汉宫
hub 中心
slum 贫民窟
lavish 豪华
philharmonic orchestra 爱乐乐团
venue 场所
cornucopia 各类
successive eras 各个阶段
chronologically   从历史上
repository 陈列馆
premier art collection 最重要的美术作品
striking portraits of Britons 不列颠人逼真的肖像

第七单元　参观访问
第一篇
学位点   degree program
国家级重点社科研究基地   key social science research centers
博士后科学研究流动站    post-doctoral research stations
国家级重点学科    national key disciplines
两院院士    academicians of the Chinese academy of science and the Chinese academy of engineering
网络教育    online education
科举制    imperial examination
日月光华,旦复旦兮    brilliant are the sunlight and the moonlight after night the day dawns again
人文精神    humanistic spirit
披荆斩棘,筚路蓝缕    negotiate various impediment
博学而笃志,切问而近思    extensive scholarship with unyielding dedication and earnest inquiry with close examination
治学态度    educational philosophy
取精用弘的学术思想 the academic ideology of extracting the best and exploiting the greatest
怀抱超旷的才隽学人   graduates with brilliant scholarship
高等教育发展的重中之重   priority among institutions of high learning
承前启后   inherit fine tradition and usher in the future mission
精诚团结,共襄盛举     strive together in good faith
文理工医科综合性大学   a comprehensive university with a complete range disciplines in liberal arts, science, engineering and medicine
全面提升知名度和影响力   elevate influence and visibility in all dimensions
社会转型时期   a period of social transition
百年传承之名校    a prestigious university with a century-long academic tradition and intellectual esteem

第二篇
Vancouver   温哥华
Canada’s gateway to the pacific   加拿大通往太平洋的门户
The Panama Canal    巴拿马运河
Natural ice-free harbor   天然不冻港
Manufactured goods   制成品
Lumber and paper milling   伐木、造纸
Oil refining   炼油
Metal fabricating   金属锻造
Printed matter   印刷
Real estate   房地产
Triple   增至3倍
Quadruple   增至4倍
Quintuple   增至5倍
High-rise office building   摩天办公楼
Boutique   时装礼品店
Ethnic group   少数民族团体
Planetarium   天文馆
Aquarium   水族馆
Skating rink   溜冰场
Botanical garden   植物园
Conservatory of exotic plants   异国植物花房
Maple tree   枫树
Sap   树液
syrup   糖浆

第八单元　人物访谈
第一篇：
国际清算银行行长 president of the Bank for international settlements
宏观经济 macroeconomic
浮动汇率 floating foreign exchange rate
world economic projection 世界经济预计
impetus 动力
reassuring 让人放心
command economy 计划经济
fiscal policy 财政政策
surplus and deficit 赢余和赤字
deterioration 最坏；最低点
without precedent 第一次
pact 公约
curb deficits 防止财政状况恶化
pension commitments 养老金投入
yields on nominal bonds 名义收益率
deflation 紧缩
exchange rate appreciation 货币升值
domestic liquidity 国内流动资金
precipitous move 突然变动
stifle 葬送
workable measures of transition 可行的过度措施
stance 姿态

第二篇
新千年 the new millennium
新纪元 the new age
精髓 essence
陶器 pottery
京剧戏装 Costumes of Peking Opera
莫高窟复制品 the replica of the Mogao Grottoes
青铜战车 the bronze chariot
战国早期的礼仪乐器 ritual musical instruments produced early in the Warring States Period
八音度 a range of octave
音域宽 wide range
定音 tone setting
瑟，笙，箫，鼓 se, sheng, xiao, drums
整理 collate
骨哨 bone flute
摇篮 cradle
舞台服饰 performance costumes
夸张和象征的手法 exaggeration and symbolic means
名模 famous model

第九单元　文化交流
第一篇
民为贵 people being the most important
巨大活力 the immense vitality
生动写照 vivid reflection
生存权 subsistence right
立国之本 the foundation to build the country
不懈努力 make unremitting endeavor
相辅相成 the two are complementary to each other
民族先人 ancestor
初步繁荣昌盛 initial prosperity
吸收和借鉴 absorb and draw upon fruits of
祖国统一 reunification of the country
繁衍 multiply
伟大复兴 the great rejuvenation
先行者 forerunner
区域自治 regional autonomy
宪法保障 protected by the Constitution
崇高目标 lofty goal
亲仁善邻 benevolence and good-neighborliness
国之宝箴 treasured maxim

第二篇
millennium 千年
landmark 标志性
reclusive 避世隐居
Danish architect Jorn Utzon 丹麦设计师钧恩乌特松
with media access 有机会接触媒体
architectural icon 建筑业偶像
in the pantheon of   在……的万神殿中
pluck 淘汰
a complete one-off 空前绝后
was quite at odds with 相去甚远
rectilinear 垂直式
maverick genius 独树一帜的奇才
promontory 海角
backdrop 背景
in high dudgeon 一怒之下
manifold difficulties 各种各样的困难
seductive beauty 有魅力的纯美
patron 资助人

第十单元　科学报告
第一篇
中国古代药王神农氏 Shennong, the celebrated herbal master of ancient China
中医史上的萌芽阶段 the embryo stage in the development of TCM
战国时期 the Warring States Period
黄帝内经 HuangDi’s Classic of internal Medicine
神农本草经 Shennong’s herbal classic
主治、功用和毒性 primary treatments, functions and toxic character
药典 pharmacopoeia
救死扶伤 healing the sick and saving the dying
职业道德规范 professional work ethic
食补保健 food treatment approach
延缓衰老 defer senility
相互作用、互为依存 be of mutual influence and interdependence
有机的整体 an organic whole
诊断疾病 diagnose disease
阴阳对立制约 yin and yang are mutually opposing and constraining
互根互用 be interdependent and mutually promoting
消长平衡 proportionally change with the decrease of one, resulting in, or from the increase of the other
相互转化 mutually transformational
健康的要素 be essential for the maintenance of good health
指导思想 guiding concept
临床治疗方法 clinical treatment
针灸疗法 acupuncture and moxibustion
按摩推拿 medical massage
气功疗法 deep breathing exercises
赢得广泛赞誉 win worldwide acclaim
中医专业队伍 TCM professionals
综合医院 general hospital

第二篇
astrobiology 天体生物学
nitrogen 氮
hydrogen 氢
oxygen 氧气
photosynthesis 光合作用
equilibrium 平衡
meteor 流星
embedded 埋植
carbon compound 碳化合物
hypothesis 假设
Antarctic 南极的
aesthetics 审美观
the Leonid meteor showers 狮子座流星雨
debris 碎片
comet 彗星
The Azores 亚速尔群岛
Infrared spectrographs 红外线摄谱仪
organic molecule 有机分子
spectrographic 摄谱的
disseminate 散布
prebiotic life 前生物生命
galaxy 银河系

第十一单元　饮食文化
第一篇
烹饪艺术 culinary art
民以食为天 food is the paramount necessity of the people
推陈出新 creative efforts
色、香、味 color, aroma and taste
摆放 layout
冷盘 cold dishes
原料 raw material
作料调配 the blending of seasoning
调味艺术 the art of proper seasoning
食物质地 the texture of food
刀功 slicing technique
乳猪 suckling pig
点心 pastries
黄酒 yellow rice wine
烈性白酒 strong white liquor
敬酒 toast with
小啜 take a sip
馒头 steamed bread
热卡 calories
主食 staple food

第二篇
food style 饮食习惯
solid diet 丰盛的食物
health food 保健餐
Little Italy 小意大利城
Germantown 德国城
native specialties 家乡特色菜
Creole accent to the food 克里奥耳口味
physical well-being 身体健康
ironic 讽刺的
preservative 防腐剂
cheese 奶酪

第十二单元　中国改革
第一篇
翻天覆地的变化 earthshaking changes
面貌焕然一新 take on a brand-new look
出/入境旅游 outbound/inbound travel
村/居委会 village committee/urban neighborhood committee
解决温饱问题 solve the problem of food and clothing
落实科学发展观 follow a scientific approach of development
以人为本，执政为民 put people first in administration
着力搞好宏观调空 concentrate on doing macro-regulatory work well
激发创造活力 stimulate creativity
实施稳健的财政政策 follow prudent fiscal policy
三农工作是重中之重 work relating agriculture, rural areas and farmers remains top priority
加强农田水利建设 intensify development of irrigation and conservancy project
多渠道转移农业富余劳动力 transfer surplus rural labor to nonagricultural jobs
推进产业结构优化升级 optimize and upgrade the industrial structure
加强生态建设 strengthen ecological improvement
推进财税体制改革 promote the reform. of fiscal and tax system
加强精神文明建设 promote social and ethnical progress
加强行政能力建设和政风建设 improve the government’s administrative capacity and style. of work
建设服务型政府 service-oriented government
意气风发 in high spirits
同心同德、再接再厉 united with one heart and one mind, continue our concerted and unyielding efforts

第二篇
overstate 夸大
turn one’s back on 对……封闭
anarchy 政治混乱
warlordism 军阀割据
make up lost ground 收复失地
springboard 跳板
with gusto 满怀热情
subsistence farming 自然经济
marginal productivity 边际生产力
tariff barrier 关税壁垒
bolster 保持
joint venture 合资企业
incremental capital output ratio 资本产出比率
reckon 估计
purchasing power parity 购买力平价
capital accumulation 资本积累
demographic forecasts 人口统计学上的预见
hiccup 磕磕碰碰
forerunner 前驱
dwarf 让……相形见绌

第十三单元　信息时代
第一篇
筹备会议 preliminary meeting
处理程序性问题 address procedure issue
智能化 intelligence computerization
多样化 diversification
信息通信技术 infocom technology
结构调整 architecture readjustment
升级换代 upgrading
融语音、数据、图像于一体 integrate voice date and image
宽带高速信息网 high-speed broadband information network
全方位地满足业务需求 meet various service requirements in all dimensions
制约因素 reason
宏观调控 macroeconomic control
市场管制 market regulation
规避市场风险 avoid market risks
创新的融资机智 innovative financing mechanism
资金的多元投入 for more financing channels
911事件 September 11 terrorist attack
应急系统 emergency system
数字鸿沟 digital divide

第二篇
don 穿上
scaffold 框架
thermostat 恒温计
EKG 心电图仪
telemetric system 遥测系统
emulate 仿效
symbiosis 共生现象
software programmer 软件编程师
collaborate 合作
debug 调试
neuron 神经元
tackle 解决
interstellar 星际
microprocessor 微型处理器
ad hoc 特别的
cell phone 手机
the heftiest desktop 最先进的台式机
fight off an attacking wasp 击退发起进攻的黄蜂
simpleton 傻子
emergent behavior 突发性的行为
mischievous and sinister 恶意
antithetical 对立的
resilience 应变能力
seismic activity 地震活动
geomagnetic storm 地磁风暴
a worrisome spike 麻烦
reroute traffic 改变行动路线
InterPlaNet 星际网
asteroid 小行星
unmanned probe 吾人驾驶探测器
proprietary (信息)专有
feel tingles on one’s spine 感觉到脊椎的震颤

第十四单元　外交政策
第一篇
外国使节 diplomatic envoy
复杂而深刻的变化 complex and profound changes
各种问题相互交织 various threats are intertwined
指导国际关系的准则 norms governing international relations
切实履行 implement in real earnest
以强凌弱的霸权主义 bully the weak and pursue hegemony
文明的多样性 the diversity of civilizations
万物并育而不相害 all living creature grow together without harming one another
道并行而人不相悖 ways run parallel without interfering with one another
相互借鉴、取长补短 learn from each other in mutual emulation
相互包容、求同存异 mutual tolerance, seek agreement while shelving differences
减免债务 reduce and forgive debts
军事联盟 military alliance
动辄诉诸武力 resort to use or threat of force
摈弃冷战思维 the Cold War mentality should be done away with
核武器扩散 nucleus weapons proliferation
跨国犯罪 trans-boundary crimes
生态恶化 environmental degradation
永远不称霸 never seek hegemony
维护国家主权和领土完整 safeguard national sovereignty and territorial integrity
睦邻、安邻、富邻政策 the policy of creating an amicable, secure and prosperous neighborhood
奔腾不息的时代潮流 irresistible tide of the times

第二篇
diplomacy 外交手段
monetary structure 货币组织
military deterrence 军事威慑
utmost purpose 最高宗旨
subordinate 服从于
overshadow 黯然失色
initiative 主动行动
downright distrust 不信任的传统
utility 利用
authorization 授权
sponsorship 操办
intervention 干预
take…into account 考虑到
the IMF 国际货币基金组织
trade deficits 贸易赤字
commitment 致力于
war-torn 遭受战争破坏
elite 上层人物
military alliance 军事联盟
demobilization/remobilization 遣散军队/重组军队

第十五单元　国际关系
第一篇
纪念……成立……周年 commemorate ….anniversary of the founding of
恪守承诺 commitment to
联合国宪章宗旨和原则 the purpose and the principles of the UN Charter
善邻之道 live together in peace with one another as good neighbors
划时代意义 epoch-making
里程碑 milestone
人类社会沧桑巨变 stupendous changes in human society
国际舞台风云变幻 vicissitudes in the international arena
地区热点问题 regional hot spot issue
民族分裂势力 regional separatists
极端宗教势力 religious extremist
毒品走私 drug trafficking
传染性疾病 communicable disease
坚持多边主义 uphold multilateralism
摈弃冷战思维 abandon the Cold War mentality
标本兼治 address both symptoms and root causes
裁军与军备控制 disarmament and arms control
防止核扩散 prevent the proliferation of nuclear weapons
包容精神 the spirit of inclusiveness
文明多样性 diversity of civilization
兼容并蓄的和谐世界 harmonious world where all coexist and accommodate each other
休戚与共的命运 interests and destinies

第二篇
subsequent endeavor 此后的努力
humanitarian 人道主义者
refrain 不以
non-intervention 不干涉
domestic jurisdiction 内部事务
the minimum doe of conduct 最起码的行为准则
the Security Council 安理会
paralysis 瘫痪
veto right 否决权
incapacitate 无所作为
nuclear weapon proliferation 核武器扩散
communicable disease 传染性疾病
buffer conflicts 缓解冲突
enforcement 强制
meddle 管闲事
manifold 多种多样
permeate 渗透
practice tolerance 宽容忍让
transcend differences 超越差异
convergence of interests 共同利益的汇合点
coercion 高压政治
tackle 处理