The figures of speech generally cocnsists of    the simile( 明喻）, the metaphor（暗喻）,and the metonymy（转喻).             

       the simile

　　Bacteria are so small that a single round one of a common type is about 1／25,000 of an inch across when these bacteria are magnified 1,000 times, they look only as large as a pencil point. 细菌是这样小，一种普通类型的圆形细菌直径大约只有1／25,000英寸。这种细菌放大一千倍看起来也只有铅笔尖那么大。

　　There now exists a kind of glass so sensitive to light that,like photographic film,it will record pictures and designs. 现在有一种对光十分敏感的玻璃，它像胶卷一样能记录图像和图案。

　　as long as it's broad半斤八两；结果一样
　　as clear as crystal清如水晶

       the metaphor

       He has a heart of stone.他铁石心肠。

        To me,the pegeant of seasons is a thrilling and unending drama.对于我来说，四季的奇妙变幻犹如一出动人心弦永不完结的戏。

　　A hundred to one it will be a failure.这件事极可能失败。

        He has one over the eight.他微醉。

　　
　　to teach fish to swim班门弄斧
　　to plough the sand白费力气

　　a square peg in a round hole用“园洞中的方钉”，来说明“不适宜担任某一职务的人”

         between the devil and the deepsea“进退两难”

　 the metonymy

　 The buses in America are on strike now.美国的公共汽车司机正在罢工（这里buses 喻指司机driv ers)。
　 The pen is mightier than the sword.文人胜于武士（以pen，sword喻指使用这物的人）。

        Mrs Smith is nice but her husband is such a bear that nobody likes him.史密斯夫人和蔼可亲， 但她丈夫为人粗鲁，脾气暴躁，谁都不喜欢他（以兽喻人）。

        She is a social butterfly.她是一个交际花（以虫喻人）。

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