Words and expressions
预习：根据要求写出相应的词。
1.apply n application______2.survival v. survive
3.ox pl. oxen 4.salty n_ salt____
5.thirst adj.___thirsty_______6.anxiety adj. __anxious____
7assessment v.___assess____8.starvation v. ____starve__
用法：
Warming up listening and speaking:
1.Failure happens when you quit.
●quit vt. (quitted/quit, quitted/quit, quitting)
(1)从…离去,离开; 停止;辞职 (to eave; to give up; to stop) +n./doing
I’ve quit my job. 我辞职了.
Quit smoking in this room, please.
Quit fooling around! 别胡闹了!
(2)to rid oneself of by paying 偿清
quit a debt
(3)举止；以一种特定的方式表现(自己)
Quit yourself like adults.
(4) be quit of sb./sth: 摆脱某人/某物
I was glad to be quit of the troublesome job.
2. I can quickly adapt myself to new circumstances.
● circumstances n.情况,环境;情势
In normal circumstances I would have resigned immediately.在正常情况下,我本会马上辞职的。
under no circumstances ，in no circumstances，无论如何不；决不
词组：under the circumstances或in the circumstances 在这些情况下；情况既然如此
The circumstances forced me to accept. 环境迫使我不得不同意。
Maybe under these circumstances we may say that man can conquer nature.
也许在这样的情况下我们可以说人定胜天。
It depends on [upon] circumstances. 这要视情况而定。
Under no circumstances should you step out of the house.
2.Imagine that you are cast away on a desert island in the Pacific Ocean like Robinson Crusoe.
●cast away ( 通常用于被动语态)
Reading—Going west
Read the text and finish the following questions:
Scan the passage and decide which of the following sentences is true or false and correct it if false.
1. In the spring of 1845, my father read a book about New York. ( )
2. Indian Creek in Kansas was the meeting place for people moving to the east. ( )
3. On November 4,1846, we entered the Salt Lake Desert and soon lost our way. ( )
4. A young man in their group suggested that the writer stay behind with the children and wait for help. ( )
5. At three o’clock in the morning of New Year’s Day, we reached the edge of the desert. ( )
Read the passage again, and try to find the topic sentence of each paragraph or summarize the main idea of each paragraph . After 5”, check the answers,。
P1. My father decided to go west after reading a book about California.
1 When did my father read a book? 2 What did he react to this account?
this account of give him the idea In the spring of 1845
2 What did he react to this account?
this account of give him the idea
3 When did they set off?
by the middle of October set off
in the spring of 1845
when half a year later
by the middle of
how long /far / who/why
P2. We get ready for the journey westward by reaching the first destination of Indian Greek in Kansas.
1. How many states did we travel through? And then what did we decide to do?
four spend winter move on
2. What was our first destination?
Indian Creek in Kansas frontier
3. What was our starting day toward west?
April 12, 1846 chose
P3 We experienced the hard journey across the Salt Lake Desert.
1. What did we do with the wagons at night when we camped?
by day driven form around
2. What was the most trying part?
through central sometimes lift pull up
3. What was the hard ship in the Salt Lake Desert?
lost our way 90 Water and grass
4. How did we get through the “long drive”?
Walk beside burnt the wagon packed with on our feet 500
p4 We made the hard and bitter journey through the Death Valley
1. What did we see during our journey for many weeks?
Be accustomed to be lined with dead abandoned
2. Did we can help each other? Why?
In anxiety of safety situation desperate
P5 I was very tried but persisted on the journey.
Did I give up when a young man suggested me giving up? Why?
a shallow grave
got onto one’s knees --- on all fours -----suggested------ knew ----won’t give up ----meant--
P6. We at last arrived at the promised land
When did we reached the edge of the desert? And what’s the end of the hard journey?
Christmas Day the promised land
reached---ran---smelt---stared---believed---looked---thought---come to an end
Language points:
Paragraph 1
(1) 1. This account of the wonderful land beyond the Rocky Mountains gave him the idea to move there. 落矶山脉上这片美丽土地的描述，使他产生了移居到那儿的想法。
1)account n.描述 the account of the person
拓展： account n. (1)(c) 帐目 (2)（关于事件、人物等的）报道，叙述，描写。(3)(u)理由4)(u)好处；利益；利润 find one’s account in—在――中得到好处
vi.(与for连用)说出――的用途；是――的原因。
vt.(+宾＋宾补) We account him honest.我们认为他诚实。
2)beyond 作介词时，主要用法有：
(1)(表示位置) 在……的那边；在…… 之外。如：
My uncle lives beyond the river. 我叔叔住在河的对岸。
The airport is 40 miles beyond the town. 机场在离城40英里以外的地方。
(2) (表示时间) 过了，比……晚。如：
My father arrived beyond eight o’clock. 我父亲过了八点钟才到。
He came home beyond the usual time. 他比平时回家晚。
(3) (表示范围、限度) 超出；为……所不及。如：
If the work is beyond Tom, it is certainly beyond me.
如果汤姆干不了这项工作，我也干不了。
They live beyond their income. 他们的生活入不敷出。
This problem is far beyond me / my comprehension.
The TV is beyond repair.
(4) (常用于含疑问或否定意义的结构中) 除……之外。如：
I didn’t notice anything beyond his rather strange accent.
除了他那颇为古怪的口音以外，我没有注意到别的。
I know nothing of it beyond what he told me.
I cannot say anything beyond that.
I’m sorry it’s ____ my power to make a final decision on the project.
(上海 2004春)
A. over B. above
C. off D. beyond
beyond all praise 赞美不尽
beyond belief 难以置信
beyond compare 无与伦比，不可及的
beyond description 无法形容
beyond hope 没希望的，绝望的
beyond sb’s grasp ； beyond my power/reach. beyond my control 为。。。所不及的
beyond words 无法用语言表达
2. It was not easy to decide what to take and what to leave behind. 决定什么带走什么留下是不容易的。
●Leave behind 忘带；留下
I\'ve left my pen behind. 我忘了带笔。
I’m afraid we must leave Xiao Lin behind.恐怕我们得把小林留下。
When he went to work in Saudi Arabia, he had to leave his family behind.
他前往沙特阿拉伯工作时，他不得不留下他的家人。
leave sth aside 不考虑
leave alone 让。。。独自呆着
leave…at the mercy of 任由。。。摆布
leave off 停止
leave out 遗漏，漏掉
Paragraph 3:
3.The journey through the mountains and desert in the central part of the
continent was the most trying part.
通过大陆中央的山脉和沙漠的旅程是最艰难的。
●trying a.难受的；难堪的；费劲的；恼人的
a trying situation尴尬的局面；难处的境况
4. and the long walk through the sand was hard on the oxen.
●此处be hard on意为“够…受，使…难以忍受”。另外，它还可意为“磨得厉害；对…过于严厉，苛刻；紧跟等”。如：
These rough roads are hard on your shoes. 这些崎岖的道路把鞋磨得厉害。
Don’t be too hard on your little son. 不要对你的儿子过于苛刻。
When I arrived there, I found that he was hard on me.
我到那儿时，发现他紧跟在我的后面。
Work hard at 竭尽全力
She is working hard at her term paper. 她正在用心撰写学期论文。
take a hard look at 冷眼看待
We need to take a long hard look at the whole system of welfare payments
我们需要长期冷静的审视整套福利支付制度。
5. The animals dragged their legs, too weak to pull their burden, and their tongues hung out in desperate need of water.这些动物拖着他们的腿，太虚弱了而不能拉动负担，他们的舌头由于极度缺少水而在外搭了着。
1)hand out挂出； desperate极度渴望的
desperate adj
.1)令人绝望的，危急的 in a desperate state 在绝境中
The situation was so desperate.
2)（因绝望而）孤注一掷，拼死的 make a desperate effort 拼命的努力
The desperate thief shot at the policeman.
3) 极度渴望的be desperate for――极度想要――
He was desperate for fame.
in desperate need of很渴望的
He is desperate to pass the entrance exam.
4)极端的；（气候）险要的a desperate fool大傻瓜
desperately adv.拼命地, 绝望地
Paragraph 4:
6. For many weeks we had been accustomed to seeing horses and oxen, suffering from heat, thirst, and starvation.许多个星期，我们习惯于看到马、牛受热、渴和饥饿之苦。
(1) be accustomed to (+n.或V-ing形式)习惯于（比be used to 正式）。
be / get / become accustomed to =be/get/become used to
You will soon get accustomed to the job.你将会很快习惯这个工作的。
I am accustomed to cold weather/ walking long distances.
You’ll soon get accustomed to cold weather.
(2) suffer from(v.+prep.=vt.)受――之苦；患――
She often suffers from headaches.她常头痛。
suffer from floods遭受洪水
7. In anxiety of reaching a place of safety, no one stopped to look or help.
●anxiety
1). 焦虑,挂念[U][C][(+about/for)]
The mother was filled with anxiety about her daughter\'s health. 母亲为女儿的健康忧心忡忡。
2) 焦虑的原因;令人焦虑之事[C][(+to)]
That is a great anxiety to me. 那是一件使我深感焦虑的事情。
3). 渴望[C][(+for)][+to-v]
Their anxiety to go was obvious. 他们想去的急切心情是显而易见的。
with great anxiety非常担忧, 十分焦急地
Paragraph 6
8.When we saw the valley with fat cattle and horses, we thought we had reached the promised land.当我们看到牛肥马壮的山谷时，我们知道我们到了一个有指望的土地。
●promised过去分词作定语，有希望的。
the promised land 期望中的乐土或安乐境界
promise有希望，有――可能. This year promises a good harvest.今年有丰收的希望。
Promising 有出息的，有前途的
a promising young pianist
The results of the first experiments are very promising. 第一次实验的结果充满了希望
9． Our day of hardship had come to an end. 我们苦难的日子结束了。
●come to end =end 结束
bring sth to an end =end sth 结束….
eg: 1.) The meeting came to an end at midnight.
2.) I wonder how I bring their dispute (纷争)to an end.
类似短语:
1. come to a conclusion 得出结论
2. come to a decision 做出决定
3. come to a stop 停了下来
4. come to one’s aid =aid sb 援助某人
5. come to an agreement 达成协议
6. come to power 开始执政, 上台
7. come to oneself 苏醒,恢复知觉
8. come to nothing 完全失败,终成泡影
Integrating skills
1.Scanning
Find some information to fill in chart:
The brief introduction to the story
The time In the winter of 1925
The place A small city called Nome
The plot A terrible disease called diphtheria struck Nome, but there were no enough vaccine.
Luckily, the doctors found a good supply of it in Anchorage. However, the frozen sea and the shortage of the plane made it impossible to deliver the vaccine fast. So people decided to use a dog team. These dogs and their drivers overcame all the difficulty and worked day and night to make sure the vaccine can arrive on time.
The result The children were saved by the vaccine because of the great efforts made by the dogs and their drivers. In order to remember these heroes, the local people set a bronze sculpture of a dog in New York’s Central Park. This is a memorial to all who
Risked their lives to save those of others.
2. Further reading
Judge whether the following statements are true or false:
(1) The first dog race was a race against time. ( T )
(2) The disease which struck the Nome was called flu. ( F )
(3) If doctors couldn’t get enough vaccine, the children would die quite soon. (T )
(4) The doctors could do nothing but use the dog team to deliver the vaccine because there were not enough ships and planes. ( F )
(5) During the journey, the dogs and their drivers should fight against the hot weather. ( F )
(6) When the dogs and their drivers arrived on time, they were warmly welcomed. ( F )
Language points
1. Our program today is about the eightieth anniversary of the Anchorage-to-Nome dog sled race. 我们今天的节目是关于安克雷奇------诺姆狗雪橇赛80 周年纪念日的.
●anniversary周年纪念（日）
Tomorrow is the anniversary of the first day we dated.
A wedding anniversary
They celebrated their 10th wedding anniversary.
2. We have here with us Miss Welch, who is a granddaughter of Dr.Welch 韦尔奇小姐就在我们现场,她是韦尔奇医生的孙女.
为了句子结构的平衡,本句中宾语Miss Welch(其后有一个非限制性定语从句)的位置移到了句子末尾. 正常语序是:We have Miss Welch with us.
.3.Tough强壮的；坚强的；吃苦耐劳的 ;坚韧的；困难的；费力的；难切难吃的; 残暴的；严酷的；苛刻的：
a tough winter( severe; harsh)
This steak is too tough咬不动
He looked ( to be) the toughest of all the challengers.
Tough policies强硬的政策
a tough guy[美]无赖
a tough job棘手的工作
a tough customer难伺候的客人
have a tough time of it日子不好过
4. The doctor in Anchorage wrapped the medicine in a quilt and tied it up.
●tie up
(1) 绑好,包扎
Tie up this package.将这包裹包扎好.
(2) (交通)阻塞
The accident tied up all traffic.这件意外使交通全都阻塞了
tie to 把….系到…..去
He tied his dog to the fence.他把他的狗系到栅栏上去.
Tie with sb in ….game (match)打成平手
We tied with the visiting team in the basketball match.我们与客队在这场篮球赛不分胜负.
tie n.同分,打平手
The game ended in a tie.
5.But he knew that lives were at stake. 但是他知道好多人正生命垂危.
●stake n.桩,水刑柱,赌注 v.系于柱上,打赌
tie sth to a stake把…拴在柱子上
be at stake 生死攸关
Thousands of lives will be at stake if emergency aid does not arrive in the city soon.如果紧急救援不能马上到达该市,千万人的生命危在旦夕.
Our children’s life is at stake. 孩子们的生命濒临危险.
6.a memorial to all who risked their lives to save those of others.以纪念所有那些冒险援救他人生命的人命
(1) memorial n.纪念物;纪念碑
a memorial to the men who died in the war 为在战争中牺牲的士兵而立的纪念碑.
the key(answer) to
the entrance to
the note to
junior to
senior to
the wish to
the decision to
the refusal to
(2) risk vt.冒…….的危险n.风险, 保险对象
do sth at the risk of one’s life=risk one’s life to do sth冒生命危险去做…
at all risks=at any risk无论冒什么危险,无论如何
at (one’s) risk 有危险
run(take) a risk (risks)=risk doing sth 冒险
If you go out without your raincoat, you run the risk of getting wet.
如果你出门不带雨衣,就有可能被淋湿.
We can’t risk your catching the measles.我们不能让你冒染上麻疹的危险
Too many lives were at risk. 太多的人有生命危险
