Traditions of Giving Thanks 感恩的传统
November 25
According to American tradition, early settlers from England celebrated a harvest festival in 1621 with their American Indian neighbors, the Wampanoag. The settlers had much to celebrate that year? The Wampanoag had helped them to survive in an unfamiliar and harsh land. This historic thanksgiving celebration, however, wasn't the first of its kind. People around the world had been giving thanks for the harvest for ages.
North American Thanksgivings
While the Pilgrims are often credited with the first Thanksgiving, such celebrations were already a tradition among American Indians. In what is now Canada and the U.S., several tribes celebrated the Green Corn Festival. Nobody ate any corn until the festival began. The people gave thanks for an abundant corn crop and celebrated with dance and song. Minor offenses against clan law were forgiven during this time.
Canada's Thanksgiving, while similar to America's, actually dates 43 years earlier. In 1578, explorer Martin Frobisher held a ceremony to give thanks for surviving the trans-Atlantic passage from England. Nowadays, Canadian families gather to celebrate Thanksgiving on the second Monday in October.

    根据美国传统，来自英格兰的早期殖民者在一六二一年与邻近的北美印第安百姓万帕诺亚格人一同庆祝一个丰收节庆。这些移民在那一年有很多值得庆祝的事：万帕诺亚格人帮助他们在一块陌生又严酷的土地存活了下来。然而，这次极具历史意义的感恩庆典并非首开先例，世界各地的人自古以来就已为了收成表达感恩。
北美的感恩节
    尽管移居美国的英国清教徒常被誉为感恩节的创始者，北美印第安人其实早有这种庆祝活动的传统。在现今的加拿大和美国境内，过去不少部落都会庆祝「绿玉米节」。节庆开始之前，没有人会吃玉米。他们为丰饶的玉米收成致谢，并载歌载舞庆祝一番。在这段期间，轻微触犯族规会被宽恕。
    加拿大的感恩节虽与美国大同小异，历史却比美国早了四十三年。一五七八年，探险家佛洛比西尔举行了一个仪式，感谢上天让他安然从英格兰横越大西洋。现在，加拿大家家户户会在十月的第二个星期一团聚，一起庆祝感恩节。

Wampanoag (n) 万帕诺亚格人
harsh (adj) 严峻的；恶劣的
The harsh winter weather prevented most people from going outside.
Pilgrim (n) 移民北美的英国清教徒
abundant (adj) 充足的；丰富的
Our city enjoys an abundant supply of water because it rains often.
offense (n) 违反；冒犯
Mom made Danny apologize for his offense. He had called Sally a bad name.
ceremony (n) 仪式；典礼
In America, some people hold their wedding ceremories in a park or on the beach.
trans-Atlantic (adj) 横越大西洋的

Teaching Topic: Different Crops 教學主題： 不同的收穫
crop：农作物，食用作物，如All the men of the village are out planting the crops in the field today.小镇上的农民都下田去耕种
bumper crop：大丰收
cash crop：经济作物，高收入作物
money doesn’t grow on trees：赚钱不容易，不要乱花钱

---Welcome to the Chat Room! I’m Ken. We’re happy to have Doris here for a chat today. Hi, Doris!
---Well, hi, Ken! Hi, everyone! It’s good to be back in the Chat Room. So what should we chat about today?
---Well, we read in the lesson that people of several tribes gave thanks for an abundant corn crop. Let’s chat about what a crop is.
---OK. A crop refers to a plant grown for food, usually on a farm. It may include grain, vegetables and fruit. For example, rice is a common crop in Asia. Or apples are the primary crop in this orchard.
---crop就是农作物，食用作物，比如说All the men of the village are out planting the crops in the field today.小镇上的农民都下田去耕种。
---And if you have a huge harvest, you have a bumper crop.
---A bumper crop?
---That’s right. A bumper crop is a very large crop. For example, last year we had a bumper crop of strawberries.
---bumper当形容词表示丰富的，所以一个bumper crop就是大丰收。Doris, what about a cash crop? We know that money doesn’t grow on trees.
---Well, you’re right, Ken. Money doesn’t grow on trees, but a cash crop is a plant grown to be sold for profit. For example, tobacco is the largest cash crop in the state. Cotton is another important cash crop in America.
---cash是金钱，但是cash crop并不是说钱长在树上，cash crop是经济作物，也是高收入作物，在美国棉花就是一个cash crop，因为它能够带来高收入
---Well, you know, what you said that earlier that money doesn’t grow on trees is actually an idiom, Ken. We say this to warn people to be careful how much money they spend, because there’s only a limited amount. Your son may ask you for a new car some day, and you can tell him that money doesn’t grow on trees.
---I’m writing this down because that’s a good idiom for a parent to know.
---That’s true because it’s really too expensive, money doesn’t grow on trees.
---OK，money doesn’t grow on trees钱不会从树上长出来，这句话常常用来表示赚钱不容易，不要乱花钱，如果小朋友吵着父母要买某一样东西，告诉孩子money doesn't grow on trees太贵了，我们买不起
---But now it’s time to go to Michelle and see what she has for us today.

harsh (adj) 严峻的；恶劣的
严厉的，严苛的
The harsh weather at the North Pole makes it difficult for animals to survive there.
北极严酷的气候让动物难以生存。
Her harsh attitude often hurts her friends and family.
她严厉的态度常常让她的朋友和家人受伤。
刺激性很强的
harsh chemicals
刺激性很强的药剂
harsh lighting
很刺眼的照明

offense (n) 违反；冒犯
罪过，犯罪
He was arrested for several offenses.
他因为好几项的违法而被捕。
It's a serious offense to leave small children unattended at home.
把小孩单独留在家中是严重的违法行为。
犯法用commit
He committed several offenses and fled the country.
他犯下好几个案子就潜逃出境了。

ceremony (n) 仪式；典礼
Their wedding ceremony took place in a chapel.
他们的婚礼是在一个教堂中举行的。
All of Iline's family attended her high school graduation ceremony.
Iline全家都参加了她的高中毕业典礼。
a religious ceremony
宗教的仪式

November 26
Harvest festival in England
Immigrants to America and Canada likely took their thanksgiving customs with them from England. Farmers there celebrated the harvest according to local religious traditions. They made a "corn dolly" from the last sheaf of grain and seated it at the harvest supper. Then they replanted the dolly with the next harvest's seeds, hoping for another good year.
In 1843, a pastor of a small village church celebrated the harvest with a thanksgiving service. Songs thanking God were sung, and the church was decorated with homegrown produce. Today, English people go to churches and schools to celebrate the harvest festival.
The Jewish festival of Sukkot
The oldest thanksgiving still being celebrated is Sukkot, a Jewish holiday. Besides celebrating the harvest, Jews also remember an important period in their history: the Exodus. Approximately 3,500 years ago, their Jewish ancestors were slaves in Egypt. They escaped and spent 40 years living in tents in the desert. Since then, Jews have built temporary structures to eat in during the annual seven-day festival. In doing so, they remember how God provided for their ancestors long ago.

英格兰的丰收节庆
    美加移民庆祝感恩节的习俗，可能是从英格兰带过去的。英格兰农民会依照当地宗教传统庆祝收成。他们把最後一捆玉米做成稻草人，让它坐在桌边共享收成的晚餐。然後，他们会将稻草人连同下次收成的种子重新栽入土中，期望来年也能丰收。
    一八四三年，一个小村落教堂的牧师以一场感恩礼拜庆祝收成。他们在礼拜上高唱感谢上帝的歌曲，教堂也以各家自种的农产品妆点门面。今日，英国人会上教会和学校庆祝这个代表丰收的节日。
犹太人的住棚节
    至今仍为人庆祝的历史最久的感恩节庆是住棚节，一个犹太人的节日。除了欢庆丰收，犹太人也缅怀族人历史上一个重要时期：出埃及。大约三千五百年前，犹太人的祖先在埃及为奴。逃出埃及後，他们在沙漠里度过了四十年住在帐棚的年岁。此後，犹太人便在这一年一度为时七天的节庆搭建临时建物，在里面饮食。他们以这种方式纪念很久以前上帝赐予先人的一切。

immigrant (n) 移民
Many new immigrants in America are from Mexico.
sheaf (n) 一捆；一束
homegrown (adj) 自家种植的；本土生产的
We enjoyed some homegrown vegetables from my grandma's garden.
Exodus (n) 出埃及；出埃及记
ancestor (n) 祖先
My ancestors came from Germany, but my family doesn't speak German anymore.
annual (adj) 每年的；年度的
Every year the Chang family gathers for their annual family reunion.

Teaching Topic: Produce 教學主題： Produce 非製造
produce当名词时重音在前头，指蔬果类的产品，如organic produce有机的蔬果
produce给人的感觉是很新鲜的，好象是刚收成的蔬果，
farmer’s market：农夫市场，produce section：蔬果区

---Welcome to the Chat Room! I’m Ken.
---And I’m Doris. You know, today’s lesson tells us how a small village church celebrated the harvest with a Thanksgiving service back in 1843.
---Right. We read that songs thanking God were sung, and the church was decorated with homegrown produce.
---Uh, Ken, not produce. This word is pronounced produce.
---Produce.
---That’s right. The stress is on the first syllable. Produce, the noun, refers to a group of farm produced foods, which are usually limited food and vegetables. For example, we might talk about farm produce or organic produce. And the term produce often implies that the food is very fresh, and is in the same state as when it was first harvested.
---注意这个字produce的发音，当名词时重音跑到前头，指蔬果类的产品，比如说organic produce有机的蔬果，So where can I buy produce?
---You can find produce in the general grocery stores. Produce is also sold in farmer’s markets or fruit markets. In a supermarket, you’ll also find out produce section, where food and vegetables are kept.
---produce给人的感觉是很新鲜的，好象是刚收成的蔬果，在美国有所谓的farmer’s market农夫市场所卖的produce都是很新鲜的，而在超市也有produce section蔬果区
---Well, I think it’s time for a break, so let’s take a break.

immigrant (n) 移民
从外移入
Many Russion immigrants live in this area.
许多俄国来的移民住在这个区域。
This restaurant was sued for hiring illegal immigrants.
这家餐厅因为雇佣非法的移民而被控告。
immigrate(v)

homegrown (adj) 自家种植的；本土生产的
These homegrown vegetables taste delicious.
这些自家种植的蔬菜非常美味。
The homegrown musicians from Okinawa have become famous throughout Japan.
这些来自冲绳的音乐家已经红遍日本。

annual (adj) 每年的；年度的
This year the location of our annual family reunion is Los Angeles.
我们的家族今年一年一度团聚的地点是在洛杉矶。
以年度为单位来计算的
His annual income is about $50,000.
他的年收入大约是5万美金。
This health club's annual membership fee is quite reasonable.
这家健身俱乐部的年费还是蛮合理的。

November 27
Mid-Autumn festivals
In several East Asian countries, the 15th day of the 8th month of the lunar calendar is Mid-Autumn Festival. On this holiday, which falls close to the autumn equinox, the moon is at its fullest and brightest. The Chinese first began celebrating this holiday 3,000 years ago during the Zhou Dynasty. Farmers give offerings of thanks for the summer harvest, and families gather for large meals. Mooncakes, a popular festival food, are given as gifts to family and friends.
In Vietnam, parents express love and appreciation to their children on Mid-Autumn Festival. According to Vietnamese tradition, parents were so busy bringing in the harvest they often neglected their children. So this holiday is a way to make it up to them. Children play games and receive new toys such as colorful lanterns.At the end of the day, families gather outside to enjoy a meal in the moonlight.
These thanksgiving celebrations show us that people of all different cultures express gratitude for the blessings in their lives.

中秋节
    在数个东亚国家里，农历八月十五日是中秋节。在这个落在秋分前後的节日，月亮是一年当中最圆且最亮的。中国在三千年前的周朝开始过这个节。农人会为了夏季的收获而献上表达感谢的祭品，家家户户都团圆享用大餐。亲朋好友会互赠月饼这种广受欢迎的应景食品作为礼物。
    在越南，父母会在中秋节对子女付出亲情与珍爱。根据越南的传说，过去父母常因忙於收成而通常忽略子女，所以这个节日可用来弥补孩子。孩子们会玩游戏，也会收到彩色灯笼之类的新玩具。这天结束时，家家户户会齐聚在户外的月光下享用一餐。
    由这些感恩庆祝活动可知，即使文化不同，各地的人都会为了生命中蒙受的恩泽表达感激。

equinox (n) 春分或秋分
dynasty (n) 朝代
This dynasty will last until members of this family no longer control the government.
mooncake (n) 月饼
bring in (phr v) 产生；收成
I have two jobs in order to bring in some extra cash.
make up (phr v) 弥补
Peter made up for forgetting to call his girlfriend by taking her out to dinner the next day.
gratitude (n) 感谢；感激之情
I am filled with gratitude every time I think of what my mom has done for me.

Teaching Topic: Appreciation 教學主題： 感謝及欣賞
appreciation：感激，感谢
与token（表征，标记）连用，a token of our appreciation：一个用来象征感谢的东西
in appreciation of，如This concert is given in appreciation of his contribution to cancer research.举办这场音乐会是为了感谢他对癌症研究的贡献
appreciation：赏识，鉴赏
金融的领域appreciation：升值，depreciation：贬值

---Welcome to the Chat Room! I’m Ken.
---And I’m Doris. Today we continue to look at traditions of giving thanks. What would you like to chat about, Ken?
---Let’s talk about the word “appreciation”. We read in the lesson that in Vietnam, parents express love and appreciation to their children on Mid-Autumn Festival. What does “appreciation” mean?
---Appreciation here means the expression of gratitude. And we can say something is a token of our appreciation. For example, these flowers are just a small token of our appreciation.
---appreciation是感激，感谢，appreciation可以和token连用，token就是一个表征，标记，a token of our appreciation一个用来象征感谢的东西，另外一个实用的片语是in appreciation of，比如说This concert is given in appreciation of his contribution to cancer research.举办这场音乐会是为了感谢他对癌症研究的贡献。Does “appreciation” have other definitions?
---Sure, appreciation is also the recognition of a quality, value and significance of someone or something. We might talk about a growing appreciation of the high-speed railway of Taiwan.
---What about an appreciation of modern art?
---Well, that’s a good example. In business, appreciation is an increase in the value of something. The opposite is depreciation.
---appreciation还有几个其他的定义要注意，appreciation可以表示赏识，鉴赏，你可以appreciate现代艺术，在金融的领域appreciation表示升值，相反的贬值是depreciation。Is the adjective of “appreciation” “appreciative”?
---It should be appreciative.
---Appreciative.
---Mm, hmm. That’s right. You can be appreciative of someone’s help.
---appreciation的形容词appreciative，四个音节
---Well, Ken, thanks for your Chinese explanation. I truly appreciate it.
---Well, my pleasure, Doris. And here’s a person I appreciate, Michelle, who is ready to give us today’s Language Tips. Michelle?

bring in (phr v) 产生；收成
This investment brought in a very good return.
这个投资产生了很好的报酬。
Even though acting doesn't bring in much Alison enjoys it a lot.
虽然演戏不能赚很多钱，但是Alison相当享受演戏。
The commercial campaign brought in a great deal of media attention.
这个广告宣传活动获得了许多媒体的注意。

make up (phr v) 弥补
说明为什么事情补偿用for
I don't know how to make up for your loss.
我真的不知道要如何弥补你的损失。
说明弥补某个对象用to
Sean needs to find a way to make it up to his wife for forgetting their anniversary.
Sean忘记结婚纪念日，他需要找到方法来弥补。

gratitude (n) 感谢；感激之情
The kids made a card for their teacher to express their gratitude.
这些孩子们为了表达感激之情所以做了一份谢卡。
I feel immense gratitude to my parents for what they have done for me.
I feel immense gratitude to my parents for what they have done for me.
对父母为我所作出的一切我无穷感激。