Henry Ford's Model T 亨利?福特的T型车
This car and the man who built it changed the world
这辆车和其发明人扭转了这世界
October 1
One hundred years ago today, the first Model Ts hit the market. The Model T wasn't among the first cars ever made; Karl Benz and Gottlieb Daimler made those. The boxy, black car made from steel wasn't the fanciest either. Actually, what made the Model T special was how ordinary it was. A technological marvel, yes, but one common people could afford.
The man named Ford
Henry Ford, the person behind the Model T and Ford Motor Company, was born in 1863. A farmer's son, Henry became more interested in machines than farm chores. Against his father's wishes, he became a mechanic's assistant at age 16. In the 1890s, inventors began making automobiles, and Ford, an engineer at the time, hopped on the bandwagon. He spent long hours working in a shed behind his home, causing his neighbors to call him "Crazy Henry.? Then at 2:00 a.m. on June 4, 1896, he drove through a wall of the shed in his first automobile. This automobile eventually led to the formation of Ford Motor Company.

    一百年前的今天，第一辆T型车进军车市。T型车不是世界上最早出品的车；最早的车乃出自卡尔?宾士与戈特利普?戴姆勒之手。钢制的黑色箱状车款也不是最酷炫的车种。其实T型车的特别之处在於它相当平凡。没错，T型车是一件科技杰作，但一般人都买得起唷。
一个姓福特的老兄
    一手打造T型车与「福特汽车公司」的亨利?福特生於一八六三年。他是农家子弟，对机械的兴趣大於农事。他不顾父亲的期许，在十六岁那年去当一名技工的助手。一八九０年代，发明家开始制作汽车，当时已是技师的福特也追逐这股潮流。他花了许多时间在自家後方的库房里埋头苦干，因此被邻居冠了「疯子亨利」的封号。後来，在一八九六年六月四日清晨两点，他开着自己生产的第一辆车，撞穿了库房的一面墙壁。这辆汽车後来促成「福特汽车公司」的成立。

Word Bank
hit (v)打入；抵达
When news of the business failure hit the papers, many workers began to worry about their jobs.
marvel (n)杰作；极为出色的事物
This new camera is a marvel because of its small size and impressive photo quality.
mechanic (n)技工；机械工
The mechanic told me there was a problem with my car's brakes.
formation (n)形成；成立
In history class, we are studying the formation of the American government.

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hop on the bandwagon (idiom)跟上潮流

Chat Room:
Teaching Topic: Housework vs. Chores 教學主題： 做家事
chores：日常的，零星的事务
housework：集合用法，指的是整体的所有的家事
farm work：指难度比较高的农场上的工作，像耕耘，收割
farm chores：农场上零星的小差事，像喂食家禽，家畜，挤牛奶，收鸡蛋等等

---Welcome to the Chat Room. My name is Ken. And today we have Linda with us.
---Yes. Welcome to the Chat Room, everybody. So Ken, do you have any daily chores you have to do?
---chores. Do you mean daily work?
---Kind of. Are there any specific duties that you do every day at home, like take out the garbage or wash the dishes or clean the bathroom?
---Hmm, that sounds like housework to me.
---Well, it is, but they are minor chores that you do once a week or every day. Housework means all of it - the vacuuming, the dusting, the washing the floors. But if you do one of them and someone else does another one, then it's your chore.
---Oh. So housework is used collectively whereas chores are countable?
---That's exactly right.
---housework和chores我们可以做一个区分，两者都是要做的家事，chores是日常的，零星的事务，像倒垃圾，洗碗，吸尘这些是不同的chores，但是housework是集合用法，指的是整体的所有的家事。Well, our lesson today talks about farm chores. What is a farm chore and what is farm work?
---Well, a farm chore would be like feeding the cows or horses or other animals, or milking the cows in the morning and night, and getting the eggs. Often kids do these kind of chores.
---Really?
---Right. When I was growing up, we had cattle. So in the morning and evening during the winter especially, we had to go out and help feed them, give them hay. And my brother had to milk our milk cow every evening. It was his chore.
---OK. What about farm work?
---Well, farm work are the big things like planting and harvesting and those kind of jobs that make the farm run.
---farm work是指难度比较高的农场上的工作，像耕耘，收割，而farm chores是农场上零星的小差事，像喂食家禽，家畜，挤牛奶，收鸡蛋等等。
---Well, maybe you can do a couple of chores right now as we take a break. Studio Classroom will be right back.

marvel (n)杰作；极为出色的事物
(v)感到惊奇
1 This multifunctional watch is a technological marvel from Switzerland.
这款多功能的手表是瑞士科技的奇迹。
2 It's a marvel to me how much these kids know about computers.
这些孩子对电脑的熟悉让我感到惊讶。
3 We marveled at the skills of these dancers.
我们对这些舞者的技巧表示惊叹。

hop on the bandwagon (idiom)跟上潮流
1 The success of this dot-com company let many people to hop on the bandwagon.
这家网络公司成功让许多人都要赶上这个浪头。

formation (n)形成；成立
1 The formation of a pearl takes several years.
珍珠的形成需要好几年的时间。
2 The formation of a person's character is deeply influenced by one's parents.
一个人人格的形成深深受到他父母的影响。


October 2
The creation of the Model T
When Ford Motor Company was founded in the early 1900s, existing carmakers were producing high-priced cars for the upper classes. Having a different goal for his company, Ford stated, "I will build a motorcar for the great multitude.? He spent two years designing the Model T and introduced the sturdy, lightweight, inexpensive car in 1908. The Model T sold extremely well and soon dominated the car market.
Making more cars
Even after the first Model Ts were sold, Ford wanted to lower the car's price even more. Greater automation in factory production allowed him to do that. In 1913, Ford introduced the moving assembly line. Workers stayed in one place and did one job on each car as it moved past them. By 1927, a Model T was rolling out of one of Ford's factories every 24 seconds.
The Model T, the moving assembly line and the man who made them influenced the 20th century greatly. "Crazy Henry" made owning a car possible for millions, beginning America's long love affair with them.

T型车的诞生
    「福特汽车公司」在一九００年代初期成立之际，既有车厂都只为社会上层阶级人士生产高价车款。福特对自己的公司抱有不同的目标，他说：「我要制造一辆适合平民百姓的车。」他花了两年时间设计T型车，在一九０八年推出这辆坚固、轻盈的平价车。T型车销况极佳，随即称霸车市。
生产更多车
    即便在第一批T型车卖出之後，福特仍想进一步拉低车价。工厂生产自动化的技术提升使他得以降价。一九一三年，福特采用移动式组装线，工人只要待在一个定点，在每辆车经过他们面前的时候，负责处理车体的一个部分就好。到了一九二七年，福特一间工厂每二十四秒即可出产一辆T型车。
    T型车、移动式组装线和发明这两者的亨利?福特大大影响了二十世纪。「疯子亨利」让数以百万计的民众得以拥有车辆，就此开启了美国人对汽车的长久爱恋。

Word Bank
sturdy (adj)] 坚固的
We've been using these sturdy dining room chairs for ten years already.
dominate (v)称霸；占支配地位
Despite the number of cell phone makers, Nokia still dominates the market.
production (n)生产；制造
The farmer increased his rice production by planting a higher quality of rice.
assembly line (n)装配线
We created a small assembly line to stuff the envelopes, with everyone having their own task.

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multitude (n)大众；一大群人
automation (n)自动化

Chat Room:
Teaching Topic: Model vs. Make 教學主題： 款式與廠牌
当人家问你你开得是什么样的车，可以回答Toyota，也可以回答Camry，差别在于Toyota是make，Camry是model，要注意不是maker
make：(v)制造，(n)厂牌，如of Chinese make就是中国产的，of American make就是美国产的
model：车型或款式

---Welcome to the Chat Room. My name is Ken. And today we have Linda with us.
---Yes, welcome to the Chat Room, everyone. We're really glad to have you all with us today. So, Ken, what would you like to chat about today?
---Well, our lesson today is about the Model T. So what is the difference between the model of a car and a maker of a car?
---Well, good question. But first of all, it's not maker but make. When you're referring to products, the word "make" refers to a line of manufactured goods. For example, Ford, BMW and Toyota are all makes of cars.
---OK, make. What about model?
---Well, when referring to products, the word model refers to a specific version or a form or a variant of a make.
---OK, so what's the make of your car?
---It's a Ford.
---OK. And which model do you have?
---I own a Ford Focus Avantgarde 1.8 4D. OK.
---Now I get it. 当人家问你你开得是什么样的车，你也许会回答Toyota，但也许你会回答Camry，差别在于Toyota是make，Camry是model，要注意不是maker，make我们知道是制造，当名词就表示厂牌，如果说某个产品是of Chinese make就是中国产的，of American make就是美国产的。在make之下就有不同的models，model指车型或款式。
---OK. Let's take a break. Studio Classroom will be right back.

multitude (n)大众；一大群人
1 The president addressed the multitude during the ceremony.
总统在典礼中对群众发表演讲。
2 An angry multitude gathered in front of the city hall.
愤怒的群众集结在市政厅的前面。

sturdy (adj)] 坚固的
坚定的，不屈不挠的
1 The students need sturdy desks and chairs.
学生们需要坚固的书桌和椅子。
2 The sturdy cabin can withstand strong wind and heavy rain.
这栋坚固的木屋可以抵挡强风和豪雨。
3 The sturdy opposition of the residents defeated the changes suggested by the management.
居民们强烈的反对让管理处对所建议的改变必须要让步。

dominate (v)称霸；占支配地位
1 Our basketball team totally dominated the game.
我们的篮球队完全控制了球场的比赛。
2 We work as a team. No one is allowed to dominate.
我们是团队合作没有人可以操控别人。
3 Sandy's husband dominates her life, she can't make any decision without asking him first.
Sandy的先生控制她的生活，她如果没有先问过他就无法做任何决定。