4.acknowledge v. “承认，为…表示感谢”，常用于以下结构：
acknowledge + 名词
acknowledge + 动词的-ing 形式（不接不定式作宾语）
acknowledge + that

⑴Do you acknowledge defeat?
你认输吗？

⑵They refused to acknowledge that they were defeated.
他们拒绝承认被打败了。

⑶The opponents acknowledged having been defeated.
对手们承认输了。

⑷She acknowledged his help in her book.
她在书中对他的帮助表示谢意。

⑸He was acknowledged to be the finest poet in the world.
他是公认的世界上最优秀的诗人。

* acknowledgement n.
词组：in acknowledgement of … 承认…，感谢…
eg.
He was given a gold watch in acknowledgement of his work for the business.
公司给他一块金表，以感谢他为公司效力。

* acknowledged adj. 公认的
eg.
She is the acknowledged leader in her field of chemistry.
她是化学领域公认的权威。

*只接动名词做宾语的动词（动词短语）有：
admit 承认
give up 　放弃
cannot help　情不自禁
avoid 　 避免
consider 考虑

mind 介意
postpone 推迟
dislike　嫌恶
deny 否认
delay耽搁

enjoy喜欢
miss 逃过，错过
escape　 避免
excuse　 原谅
feel like 　 意欲

finish　 完成
risk 冒险
suggest　建议
put off　推迟
resist　 抵抗

fancy想不到
practise 练习

高考链接：
In some parts of London, missing a bus means ________ for another hour. (2002上海高考)
A. waiting B. to wait C. wait D. to be waiting

分析：
mean doing 表示“意味着”，mean to do 表示“打算做，想做”。句意为：在伦敦一些地区，错过一班汽车就意味着再等一个小时。
答案：A

5.apart adv. 分开,相距,相隔
⑴The two houses stood 500 metres apart.
这两所房子相距500米。

⑵You never see them apart these days.
他们近来形影不离。

⑶These pages stuck together----I can’t pull them apart.
这几页粘在一起了----我揭不开他们。

短语搭配：
tell…apart 分辨，区别（同义短语：tell …from…把…和…区分开）
apart from   除了(某事物)之外，除去；除了…之外，还…，不止…
take sth. apart 拆开

⑴Apart from his nose, he’s quite good－looking.
除了他的鼻子之外，哪儿都好看。

⑵Apart from the injuries to his face and hands, he broke both legs.
除了脸部和双手受伤以外，两条腿也断了。

⑶Can you tell her from her sister?
你能分得出她和她的妹妹吗？

⑷The mechanic took the engine apart.
机修工把发动机拆开了。

⑸I can’t tell the two boys apart.
我分不清这两个男孩子。

⑹John enjoys taking old clocks apart.
约翰喜欢拆卸旧钟。

高考链接：
If anyone happens to drop in while I am out, ________ him or her leave a message. ( 2005福建高考)
A. have B. get C. ask D. tell

分析：tell一词除了有“分辨”的意思（如上所讲和from 或apart搭配），它还可搭配成句型tell sb. to do sth.（叫某人做某事）。本题应选have ,组成句型have sb. do sth. 另外get和ask 组成：get/ask sb. to do sth.
答案：A

6.volunteer v. 自愿，主动
词组：volunteer to do sth.

⑴I volunteered to search for the missing child.
我自愿去寻找那个失踪的孩子。

⑵He volunteered to join the army.
他自愿参军。

*
volunteer n. 志愿者，自愿参加者
voluntary adj. 　自愿的，主动的，无偿的
voluntarily 　adv. 　自发地
involuntary 　adj.　 非自愿的
involuntarily adv. 　非自愿地

⑴Few volunteers came forward.
没什么自告奋勇的人。

⑵The prisoner made a voluntary statement.
那个犯人主动地做了供述。

⑶Charities rely on voluntary donations.
慈善事业依靠自愿捐献。

⑷She does voluntary social work.
她从事义务社会工作。

⑸He made the promise quite voluntarily. I did not force him to.
他非常自愿地答应的，我没有强迫他。

⑹He gave an involuntary smile.
他不自觉地笑了。

7.starve v. 挨饿，饿死
starvation n.
⑴Thousands of cattle are starving.
成千上万的牛正在挨饿。

⑵She is starving herself to try to lose weight.
她正在用节食的办法减轻体重。

⑶I am starving; let’s have a big dinner.
我快饿死了，让咱们好好吃上一顿吧。

⑷In 19th–century Ireland, people died of starvation when the potato crop failed.
在19世纪的爱尔兰，人们在土豆减产时饿死。

短语搭配：
starve sb. out( of sth.) 　将某人饿得从隐藏处出来
starve to death 饿死
starve for sth. 渴望得到…
be starved of 　非常需要，没有

⑴It took 8 days to starve them out (of the building).
用了8天的时间才把他们饿得（从那座建筑物里）出来了。

⑵The engine was starved of petrol and wouldn’t start.
发动机没有汽油了，启动不了。

⑶He got lost in the desert and starved to death.
他在沙漠中迷路饿死了。

⑷The girl is starving for attention.
这个小女孩渴望得到照顾。

⑸Many children starve for love.
许多儿童渴望得到爱。

8.
eager adj. 热切的，热心的，渴望的
eagerness n.
eagerly　 adv.

短语搭配：
be eager for sth. 　渴望…
be eager to do   渴望做某事

⑴She is eager for success.
她渴望成功。

⑵I am eager to join the Youth League.
我很想加入共青团。

⑶We are eager to go on our vacation.
我们盼着去度假。

*辨析：eager 和anxious 都有“渴望的，急于”的意思，但略有不同，anxious着重指焦急、着急、担心的心情，eager着重指对成功的期望或进取的热情。试比较：
⑴We were anxious to reach home before dark.
我们急于在天黑以前到家。

⑵He is eager to join the Party.
他渴望入党。

高考链接：
We were in ________ when we left that we forgot the airline tickets. (2003上海高考)
A. a rush so anxious
B. a such anxious rush
C. so an anxious rush
D. such an anxious rush

分析：
such 后接名词，正确的词序是such an anxious rush；so后接形容词，正确的词序是so anxious a rush。
答案：D

9.straight adj. 直的,端正的
⑴Is my tie straight?
我的领带系得正不正？

⑵I have straight, not curly hair.
我的头发是直的，不是卷的。

习语:
keep a straight face绷着脸,忍住不笑
put sth. straight　 将某物弄整齐

⑴He has such a strange voice that it’s difficult to keep a straight face when he’s talking.
他的声音古怪,说起话来很难让人不笑。

⑵Please put your desk straight before you leave the office.
请你先把办公桌收拾好再离开办公室。

*straight adv. 成直线地, 径直
⑴Look straight ahead.
一直往前看。

⑵He was too drunk to walk straight.
他酩酊大醉,走起路来步子不稳。

⑶I’ll come straight to the point----your work isn’t good enough.
我要直截了当地说----你的工作做得不够好。

短语搭配:
straight away立刻地,毫不犹豫地
straight out 直截了当地

⑴I told her straight away that it was a foolish idea.
我立刻就告诉了她这个想法很傻。

⑵I told him straight out that I thought he was lying.
我直率地对他说我认为他是在撒谎。

*straighten v. 使…变直
⑴Straighten your back (up).
把背挺直。

⑵The road straightens after a series of bends.
这条路经过几个转弯之后就直了。

⑶Straighten your tie.
把你的领带弄正。

短语: straighten sb. out 使某人消除疑虑,给某人解释清楚；使…改正，使…好转
⑴You’re clearly rather muddled about office procedures but I’ll soon straighten you out.
你显然不大明白办事的手续,我很快就给你解释清楚。

⑵When he was young, he drank too much, but his wife has straightened him out.
他年轻时酗酒成性，他妻子帮他改正了这个毛病。