㈢ 书面表达的基本策略：
⒈ 分析所给材料：
认真审题，通读试题的每一个字，观察所给的每一副图，包括全部附加文字（中文和英文）。要特别注意高考书面表达试题中的“注意”一项。这是命题人对考试提出的具体的答题要求。注意并确立作文的中心思想，确定文体，即确定试题是要求写一篇说明文、记叙文、议论文还是应用文。还要确定文章是以第几人称的口吻写，文章应采用哪种时态。
如2001年的高考英语书面表达：假设你是李华，你的澳大利亚朋友Dick听说中国的中小学生正在减轻学生的学习负担，来信询问有关情况。请你根据下表提供的信息，写一封回信，谈一谈减负给你的学习和生活带来的变化。
周末活动（减负前）
周末活动（减负后）
白天：上课、做作业
白天：参观博物馆、学习电脑、绘画等
晚上：做作业
晚上：看新闻、读书、看报
就寝时间：11：30
就寝时间：10：00
注意：
⑴词数100左右
⑵开头已为你写好。
分析：通过审题，我们可以确定应以第一人称的口吻来说明中小学生在减负前后的变化。减负前的活动应用过去时态，减负后的活动应采用现在时态。
⒉ 列出提纲：
书面表达的评分依据之一是内容要点。所以在审题、弄清题意的基础上，应逐个完整地把内容要点列出来。学会列提纲是进行书面表达的一个重要步骤。纲举目张，表达起来就会得心应手。编拟提纲要全面、具体、明确、恰当。
⒊ 写草稿：
确定文章如何开头和结尾。通常可采用开门见山的方式开头方式，一些常见的开门见山的方式如下：
①Seeing from the diagram, we can see what has happened to the forests of the USA in the last 370 years.
②There is a public opinion that …
③Now there is a growing opinion that …
④Recently the problem has been brought into focus.
⑤This story is rare.
⑥Last night …played computer games and went to bed very late.
文章结尾时可采取重申要点、抒情感叹把文章推向高潮,也可用一些名言、警句作为文章的结尾。比如：
①It’s very clear that more “Great Green Walls” are needed to save the land not only in China, but also all over the world.
②Such are my three roommates. In spite of the different characters, we get on well with each other. Our dormitory has become our common home.
③Luck is what happens when preparation meets opportunity.
④No one can cheat you out of success but yourselves.
确定好开头和结尾之后，应用自己熟悉的句型和词汇把列出的要点扩展成句，遇到不熟的词语注意要灵活变通。此时，一定要根据要点去写，题目要求的内容都应该写进去，保证内容的完整性。其他细节，虽然相关，也不宜多写。对于与内容无关的内容不可随意发挥，更不可为了表现英语水平默写文不对题的句子，画蛇添足。在扩展成句的时候，最好加上定语从句、状语从句和非谓语动词。整个文章最好能用上一两个强调句型、一两个虚拟语气的句子，还要加上适当的连词词语。写草稿时，注意要在每行句子之间留出空间，以便利于对草稿进行修改。
⒋ 修改草稿：
⑴根据词数的要求，适当加入一些表示递进、转折、因果、选择等关系的关联词，从而使文章有整体性、连贯性。常见的过渡词如下：
◆表示附加：
and/ in addition 另外/ furthermore 而且/ moreover此外/ besides此外/ not only…but also不但…而且…/ also也，同样/ as well as也/even甚至
比如：
①Early in the morning we met at the school gate and went there together.
②The price is too high, and moreover the house isn’t in a suitable position.
③The students around us began to shout and cheer at the top of their voices. We also shouted as loudly as we could.
④I was afraid to speak in public, even in class.
⑤It is an important holiday in the USA as well as in other western countries.
◆表示时间顺序：
now现在/ at present目前，现在/ recently最近/ afterwards后来，然后/
after that在…之后/ after a while过了一会儿/ in a few days几天之后/
at first最初，开始的时候/ in the beginning最初，开始/ to begin with以…开始/ later后来/ next其次，然后/ finally最后， 最终/ immediately立即，一…就…/ soon不久，很快/
suddenly突然/ all of a sudden突然/ at that moment在那时/ as soon as一…就…/
the moment一…就…/ form now on从现在起/ from then on从那时起/ at the same time同时/ meanwhile同时/ till直到…/ not…until…直到…才…/ before在…以前，…之后才…
◆表示肯定：
obviously明显地，显然/ certainly当然/ of course当然/ undoubtedly毋庸置疑地，的确地/
plainly明白地，显然
如：
①That is plainly wrong.
②They think if you are not satisfied with your present job, of course you have the right to replace it with a more challenging and better paid one.
◆表示条件：
if/ unless/ provided that…以…为条件，假如/ so that/
on the condition (that)以…为条件/ as (so) long as只要，如果/ or else否则的话
如：
①We will go to the beach today provided that it doesn’t rain.
②We will renew the contract next year on the condition that we make money on the deal.
我们明年继续签合同，条件是我们必须赢利。
隗巫シ 20:02:19
③So long as it does not rain, we can have a picnic.
只要不下雨，我们就可以去野餐。
④Take care of your car or else you’ll have problems.
照看好你的车，要不然你会遇到麻烦的。
◆表示结果：
as a result结果/ thus因而，如此/ so/ therefore因此，所以/ consequently从而，因此/
It follows that …/ eventually最终
如：
①She lost a lot of weight and consequently feels better.
她体重减少了好多，因而感觉好多了。
②He plays the piano every day and therefore plays well.
他每天练习钢琴，因此弹得不差。
◆表示举例：
for instance例如/ for example例如/ like比如/ such as比如/
in particular 尤其/ namely即是/ some…,some…,others …/ take…for example以…为例
如：
①Communicating with other people by telephone is convenient, speedy and direct. For example, if you are seriously ill, you can dial 120 to ask for help right away.
②It not only costs a lot of money, but also brings us danger at times. For instance it can cause a big fire.
③I thought the whole meal was good, but the soup in particular was delicious.
我觉得整顿饭都不错，但汤尤其好喝。
◆表示转折对比：
but/ however然而/ yet/ instead/ on the other hand在另一方面/
on the contrary相反地/ though/ different from与…不同/
in contrast to与…对比，对照/ despite/ in spite of不顾/
whereas然而，但是/ unlike/ nevertheless然而/ not only…but also/
years ago…today/ the former…the latter前者…，后者…/ then…now,/
the first…whereas the second/ once…now/ on the one hand…on the other hand
如：
①Even though one was a great man, he should never forget his teacher.
②Nowadays, high technology is the main feature of what is called “knowledge-based economy” in contrast to the earlier “agricultural economy”.
◆表示总结归纳：
in conclusion/ in summary/ lastly/ in short简而言之/ in a word总之/
in brief简言之/ as has been stated / on the whole大体上，总的看来/
generally speaking一般说来
◆表示强调：
in deed真正，的确/ in fact/ surely/ certainly/ no doubt/ without any doubt/
truly obviously明显地/ above all首要的是
◆表示原因：
because/ because of/ since/ now that既然/ as由于/ thanks to…/ due to…/
owing to…由于/ the reason why…
◆表示目的
for this reason/ for this purpose/ so that/ in order to/ so as to
⑵ 采用灵活多变的句式：
◆改变句子的开头方式，不要一味地都是主语开头，接着是谓语、宾语、状语。可把状语置于句首，或用分词做状语等。
如：
①Christmas trees, flowers, candles and toys are among the goods..
→Among the goods are Christmas trees, flowers, candles and toys.
②The young man couldn’t help crying when he heard the bad news.
→Hearing the bad news, the young man couldn’t help crying.
◆在整篇文章中，避免只使用一两个句式，要灵活运用诸如倒装句、强调句、主从复合句、分词短语等。
如：
①I went to bed at 11:00.
→It was not until 11:00 that I could go to bed.
②We celebrated her birthday in a nice restaurant.
→It was in a nice restaurant that we celebrated her birthday.
③We had to attend classes and do endless homework.
→What we could do was (to) attend classes and do endless homework.
④There was always so much homework. I felt hopeless.
→I felt hopeless with so much homework to do.
⑤He went out and didn’t say a word.
→He went out without saying a word.
⑥It’s impolite to sit in the chair and your feet to point at others.
→It’s impolite to sit in the chair with your feet pointing at others.
⑦He was satisfied with the result, so he decided to go on with a new experiment.
→Satisfied with the result, he decided to go on with a new experiment.
⑧I have never had so much fun before.
→Never before have I had so much fun.
⑨We can achieve our goal in this way.
→Only in this way can we achieve our goal.
