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跳棋种类
2008-11-19 05:30
National variant Board size Pieces per side Flying kings? Can men capture backwards? Who moves first? Capture constraints Notes
International draughts (or Polish draughts) 10×10 20 yes yes White A sequence must capture the maximum possible number of pieces. Pieces only promote when they land on the final rank, not when they pass through it. It is mainly played in the Netherlands, France, Belgium, some eastern European countries, some parts of Africa, some parts of the former USSR, and other European countries
English draughts 8×8 12 no no black Any sequence may be chosen, as long as all possible captures are made. Also called American checkers or "straight checkers", since it is also played in the USA.
Brazilian draughts 8×8 12 yes yes White A sequence must capture the maximum possible number of pieces. Played in Brazil. The rules come from international draughts, but board size and number of pieces come from English draughts.

In the Philippines, it is known as "derecha" and is played on a mirrored board, often replaced by a crossed lined board (only diagonals are represented).
Ghanaian checkers 10×10 20 yes yes White Any sequence may be chosen, as long as all possible captures are made. Accidentally passing up a king's capture opportunity leads to forfeiture of the king. Played in Ghana. The board is mirrored (the left side is flipped to the right side and vice versa). You lose if you are left with a single piece (man or king).
Canadian checkers 12×12 30 yes yes White A sequence must capture the maximum possible number of pieces. International rules, on a 12x12 board. Mainly played in Canada.
Frisian checkers 10×10 20 yes yes White A sequence of capture must give the maximum "value" to the capture, and the king has a value of slightly less than 2 men. If a sequence with a capturing king and a sequence with a capturing man have the same value, the king must capture. The main difference with the other games is that the captures can be made diagonally, but also straight forward and sideways. Only played in Netherlands.
Pool checkers 8×8 12 yes yes Black Any sequence may be chosen, as long as all possible captures are made. It is mainly played in the southeastern United States. In many games at the end one adversary has three kings while the other one has just one king. In such a case the first adversary must win in thirteen moves or the game is declared a draw.
Spanish checkers 8×8 12 yes no White A sequence must capture the maximum possible number of pieces, and the maximum possible number of kings from all such sequences. Also called Spanish pool checkers. The board is mirrored (the left side is flipped to the right side and vice versa). It is mainly played in Portugal and in some parts in South America and some Northern African countries.
Russian checkers 8×8 12 yes yes White Any sequence may be chosen, as long as all possible captures are made. Also called shashki or Russian shashki checkers. If a man touches the kings row from a jump and it can continue to jump backwards, it jumps backwards as a king, not as a man. It is mainly played in some parts in Russia, some parts of the former USSR, and Israel. In many games at the end one adversary has three kings while the other one has just one king. In such a case the first adversary normally wins if (s)he occupies the main diagonal first and then builds the so-called Petrov's triangle. 2 variants must be signaled : the 10x8 variant(wide 10, high 8), and the poddavki, which is the give away variant of shashki (it has official championships).
Italian checkers 8×8 12 no no White If there are many sequences to capture, one has to capture the sequence that has the most pieces. If there are still more sequences, one has to capture with a king instead of a man. If there are still more sequences, one has to capture the sequence that has the most kings. If there are still more sequences, one has to capture the sequence that has a king first. Men cannot jump kings. The board is mirrored (the left side is flipped to the right side and vice versa). It is mainly played in Italy, and some Northern African countries.
Czech checkers 8×8 12 yes no White If there are sequences of captures with a man and other ones with a king, it is necessary to capture with a king. After that, any sequence may be chosen, as long as all possible captures are made in the chosen sequence. This game is from the family of Spanish game.
Argentinian checkers 8×8 12 yes no White A sequence must capture the maximum possible number of pieces, and the maximum possible number of kings from all such sequences. The rules are similar to Spanish game, but the king, when it captures, must stop after the captured piece, and may begin a new capture movement from there.

With this rule, there is no draw with 2 pieces against 1. The board is mirrored.
Thai checkers 8×8 8 yes no White A sequence must capture the maximum possible number of pieces, and the maximum possible number of kings from all such sequences. The rules are similar to Spanish game (but with 8 pieces on each side), but every piece is taken away from the board at each jump, and the king, when it captures, must stop after the captured piece, and may begin a new capture movement from there, even in the direction where it comes from.
Turkish draughts 8×8 16 yes no White A sequence must capture the maximum possible number of pieces. In this form of the game (also known as Dama), men move straight forward or sideways, instead of diagonally. When a man reaches the last row it promotes to a flying king (Dama) which moves like a rook. The pieces are placed on the second and third rows. It is played in Turkey, Kuwait, Israel, Lebanon, Syria, Jordan, Greece and several other locations of the Middle-East, as well as the same locations as Russian checkers. There are several variants in these countries, with the Armenian variant (called tama) also allowing some form of diagonal movement.




变种

English draughts的开始局面
  • 波兰跳棋：10×10的棋盘，每方20只棋子，有flying king。未成王的棋子可以向后吃棋。可吃棋的棋子必须选择吃得最多棋子的路径。若一个棋子向前吃棋后到了底线，之后再吃棋，那不算成了王。流行地区有荷兰、法国、前苏联。
  • 英国/美国跳棋：8×8的棋盘，每方12只棋子，没flying king。可吃棋的棋子不必须选择吃得最多棋子的路径。
  • 巴西跳棋：规则和波兰跳棋一样，但棋盘和English draughts一样。流行于巴西。
  • 加拿大跳棋：规则和波兰跳棋一样，但棋盘为12×12的，每方30只棋子。流行于加拿大。
  • Pool checkers：规则和巴西跳棋一样，但可吃棋的棋子不必须选择吃得最多棋子的路径。流行于美国东部。
  • 西班牙跳棋：流行于南美和北非国家。规则和巴西跳棋一样，但可吃棋的棋子必须选择吃得最多棋子的路径。如果仍然有多于一条路径，就必须选择吃得最多王的路径。
  • 俄罗斯跳棋：规则和巴西跳棋一样，但若一个棋子向前吃棋后到了底线，之后再吃棋，就算成了王。流行于前苏联和以色列。
  • 意大利跳 棋：未成王的棋子不可吃王，也不可后退。可吃棋的棋子必须选择吃得最多棋子的路径。如果仍然有多于一条路径，就必须尽可能用王吃而不用普通棋子吃。如果仍 然有多于一条路径，就必须选择吃得最多王的路径。如果仍然有多于一条路径，就必须选择首先吃到王的路径。流行于意大利和一些北非国家。
  • 土耳其跳棋：8×8的棋盘，每方16只棋子，棋子横走或直走，不可斜走。可吃棋的棋子必须选择吃得最多棋子的路径。当棋子到了底线，它就可以“成王”，像西洋棋中的“车”一样，格数不限的走。开始时两方各在棋盘的一边，将第2及3行的所有格子放满己方的棋子。流行于中东地区。



变种跳棋 棋盘 棋子 飞王（Flying kings) 先行方 退吃 吃多 升变 注
国际跳棋/波兰跳棋 10×10 20 有 白 有 有 底线 流行地区有荷兰、法国、前苏联。
英国/美国跳棋 8×8 没有 黑 没有 没有
巴西跳棋 8×8 有 白 有 有 流行于巴西。
加纳跳棋(Ghanaian checkers) 10×10 20 有 白 有 没有*
加拿大跳棋 12×12 30 有 白 有 有 流行于加拿大。
弗里斯兰跳棋(Frisian checkers) 10×10 20 有 白 有 有*
Pool checkers 8×8 12 有 黑 有 没有 流行于美国东部。
西班牙跳棋 8×8 12 有 白 没有 有* 可吃棋的棋子必须选择吃得最多棋子的路径。如果仍然有多于一条路径，就必须选择吃得最多王的路径。 流行于南美和北非国家。
俄罗斯跳棋 8×8 12 有 白 有 有 经过底线 流行于前苏联和以色列。
意大利跳棋 8×8 12 没有 白 没有 有* 可吃棋的棋子必须选择吃得最多棋子的路径。如果仍然有多于一条路径，就必须尽可能用王吃而不用普通棋子吃。如果仍然有多于一条路径，就必须选择吃得最多王的路径。如果仍然有多于一条路径，就必须选择首先吃到王的路径。 流行于意大利和一些北非国家。
捷克跳棋 8×8 12 有 白 没有 有*
阿根廷跳棋 8×8 12 有 白 没有 有*
泰国跳棋 8×8 8 有 白 没有 有*
土耳其跳棋 8×8 16 有 白 没有 有 流行于中东地区。 8×8的棋盘，每方16只棋子，棋子横走或直走，不可斜走。可吃棋的棋子必须选择吃得最多棋子的路径。当棋子到了底线，它就可以“成王”，像西洋棋中的“车”一样，格数不限的走。开始时两方各在棋盘的一边，将第2及3行的所有格子放满己方的棋子。

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