Unit 7a   Health and Safety
Objectives
• to review the language of obligation
• to enable students to talk about health and safety
• to practice reading for gist and specific information
• to practice listening for specific information
Overview
* Injuries at work
   Speaking: Students discuss what kind of injuries can happen in an office.
Reading 1: Students match percentages with the frequency of certain types of office accident.
   Speaking: Students discuss how they think such accidents happen and how they can be prevented.
   Language focus: Students focus on language of obligation/absence of obligation.
Speaking: Students talk about employees’ health and safety obligations in the workplace.
* How safe is your workplace?
   Reading 2: Students match paragraph headings with paragraphs in a brochure about risk assessment. Students then insert missing sentences into the same text (Reading Test Part Two).
   Speaking: Students assess features of their working environment and discuss how the three worst features could be improved.
  
* Injuries at work

Vocabulary
office injury 办公室事故造成的人身伤害，工伤
health and safety obligation 健康与安全职责
accident report 事故报告
accident at work 上班时出现的事故
a filing cabinet 文件柜
maintenance 维修部门
sustain 遭受
bump 肿块
dress 包扎伤口
painkiller 止痛片
take medication 服药
hazard 事故，公害
risk assessment 风险评估
to take precautions 采取防范措施
health and safety inspector 健康和安全巡查员
industry standards 行业标准
civil liability 民事责任
safety representative 安全代理人
safety offer 安全员
take … into account 把…考虑进去
amend 修正
in place 适宜
go to court 上法庭
in one’s own right 凭本身的权利
working environment 工作环境
safety equipment 安全装备
first aid facilities 急救设施

Warmer
1. Think of three accidents that can happen in an office.
e.g. falling over computer cables, tripping over the carpet, injury caused by lifting heavy objects.
2. Any accident or incidence of ill-health will cause both direct and indirect costs and incur
an insured and an uninsured cost.

Direct Costs are costs that are directly related to the accident. They are:
     1) insured costs:
     * claims on employer’s;
     * public liability insurance;
     * damage to product, equipment or vehicles, etc.
2) uninsured costs:
     * fines;
     * sick pay;
     * damage to product, equipment or process, etc.

   Indirect Costs:
   * Insured costs: business loss, product or process liability, etc.
   * uninsured costs: loss of goodwill, extra overtime，payments, accident investigation time, production delays, etc.

Reading
Look at the table showing the most common causes of office injuries in the UK. Complete the information with the percentages in the box.

       15%    7%   35%    25%    12%

Listening
An employee visit the company nurse after he has had an accident at work. Listen and complete Part D of the accident report from below.
Key:
1. the light
2. his balance
3. stitches
4. painkillers

Key points:
1. But that’s a job for maintenance 这可是维修部门的职责
2. There are very strict guidelines here about that kind of thing. And if you have an accident, the company doesn’t have to accept responsibility, you know?
关于那样的事，我们这儿有严格的守则。如果你出了事故，公司不必承担责任。
3. But the light kept going on and off all day. It is driving me crazy. 可那灯总是一会儿亮一会儿暗的真的把我给逼疯了。
4. So I climbed onto my desk, and then I lost my balance and fell.
因此我爬到了桌子上，结果我失去了平衡。
5. I caught it on the edge of a filing cabinet. 我的头撞到了文件柜的边上，撞破了。
6. Will I need any stitches, do you think? 你说我的伤口需要缝线吗？
7. I’ll just clean and dress it. 只要给你清洗一下，上点药就行了。
8. And pop in tomorrow some time and I’ll have another loot at it.
明天找个时间过来，我再给你看一下。

Speaking:
How do these accidents happen? How could they be prevented?

参考词汇和表达:
accidents in the office (office hazards) that
occasion (result in) bodily injuries in employees:
给员工造成的人身伤害
slip on stairs, trip over the carpet, fall over  
computer cables---sprained ankle and back
在楼梯上滑倒，在地毯上绊倒，被电脑线绊倒——造成脚踝背脊扭伤

Listening
strain neck, shoulders and upper arms from stacking reams of Xerox paper
因为搬动大量复印纸而扭伤脖子，肩膀及上臂
slam fingers in file drawer…result in broken fingers
手指被夹在文件柜，造成手指骨折
cup of hot tea are spilled because of wiring cluttering up desks----get burned
办公桌上各种配线太乱而泼翻茶杯造成烫伤
bump your head on the edge of the desk / a filing cabinet 头撞到了文件柜的边上

Read the leaflet about risk assessment. Choose the best title for each of the five

Step 1            A     decide who might be harmed
Step 2            B     look for the hazards
Step 3            C     revise your assessment
Step 4            D     record your finds
Step 4            D    record your finds
Step 5            E    evaluate the risks arising from the hazards

How safe is your workplace?
Reading
Now choose the correct sentence from the opposite page to fill each gap. The first one is already done for you.
Key:
1. G 2. F 3. D 4. A 5. E

Language points
1. Risk assessment is nothing more than 意思为“等同于，不多于，与……一样。”
   It is nothing more than a made-up story. 它只不过是杜撰的故事而已。
2. can ruin life 可以致命。life一词
做“生命”的意思时候，是可数名词。做“生活”的意思时候，是不可数名词。
3. go to court“上法庭，提出诉讼”的意思。这里不用定冠词the, 如果是“go to the court”，那么意思是不一样的：指“到那个法庭去”（指的仅仅是地点，并没有陷入某种法律纠纷的意思）。 英语中类似的表达还有:go to school去上学； go to the school去那个学校；go to church 去教堂做礼拜；go to the church去那个教堂； go to office 去上班； go to the office 去办公室。
4. cover “避免伤害，防止伤害，损失或危险”的意思
We tried to find cover from the storm.
我们设法寻找遮蔽暴风雨的地方。
5. alternatively 两者选一
We could take the train or alternatively go by car.
我们可以坐火车去, 也可以坐汽车去.  
6. afresh是重新开始的意思，The work will have to be done afresh.这工作得重新做了.
7. medium 在这里是中等的意思，This cloth is of medium quality.这种布质量平平。另外，它还可以表示“介质，中间物”的意思，例如：Television can be an excellent medium for education. 电视会是一种绝好的教育手段
8. bring in 是“介绍，引进，推广”的意思，例如：bring in advanced technology and equipment 引进先进工艺和设备。它也指“接纳，使某人任职”的意思。比如： He was brought in last year as the direct manager.他去年正式出任总经理。
9. in one’s own right “凭借本身的权利，能力，实力，资格”的意思；例如：He is a self-made man. He wins his fame in his own right. 他自己成就自己，凭借自己的能力赢得名声。
10. “keep the risks down”是“减少危险”的意思，keep down spending 减少开支
do exercise to keep down weight 锻炼身体减轻体重。

Oral Presentation
What is important when considering terms and conditions of employment?
 Health and Safety
 Overtime
 Shifts