§ Lesson 1 A puma at large 逃遁的美洲狮
Pumas are large, cat-like animals which are found in America. When reports came into London Zoo that a wild puma had been spotted forty-five miles south of London, they were not taken seriously. However, as the evidence began to accumulate, experts from the Zoo felt obliged to investigate, for the descriptions given by people who claimed to have seen the puma were extraordinarily similar.
The hunt for the puma began in a small village where a woman picking blackberries saw 'a large cat' only five yards away from her. It immediately ran away when she saw it, and experts confirmed that a puma will not attack a human being unless it is cornered. The search proved difficult, for the puma was often observed at one place in the morning and at another place twenty miles away in the evening. Wherever it went, it left behind it a trail of dead deer and small animals like rabbits. Paw prints were seen in a number of places and puma fur was found clinging to bushes. Several people complained of 'cat-like noises' at night and a businessman on a fishing trip saw the puma up a tree. The experts were now fully convinced that the animal was a puma, but where had it come from? As no pumas had been reported missing from any zoo in the country, this one must have been in the possession of a private collector and somehow managed to escape. The hunt went on for several weeks, but the puma was not caught. It is disturbing to think that a dangerous wild animal is still at large in the quiet countryside.

【New words and expressions】 生词和短语
◆puma n. 美洲狮
◆spot v. 看出，发现
◆evidence n. 证据
◆accumulate v. 积累，积聚
◆oblige v. 使…感到必须
◆hunt n. 追猎；寻找
◆blackberry n. 黑莓
◆human being 人类
◆corner v. 使走投无路，使陷入困境
◆trail n. 一串，一系列
◆print n. 印痕
◆cling (clung, clung ) v. 粘
◆convince v.使…信服
◆somehow adv. 不知怎么搞地，不知什么原因
◆disturb v. 令人不安

学习词汇时仅知道汉语语义是不够的，要把单词放在语句中体会其应用
学习关键句型结构时则要把它放在段落结构或文章里

★spot vt.（-tted,-tting）. 看出，发现
?pick out / see / recognize / catch sight of
eg: A tall man is easy to spot in the crowd. 高个的人在人群中是很容易认出的
He has good eye for spotting mistakes. 他有敏锐的识别错误的能力。/识别错误的洞察力很强。
spot(做动词时候) = see:强调结果、辨别出、看见、识别、发现。
find 强调发现的结果。
find out 查出事实真相。
discover 做出重大发现
notice 注意到
observe 观察
watch 观察活动中的人或画面
spot n. 斑点
eg: There is a white spot on the shirt. 这件衬衫有个白色的斑点
on the spot
1,立刻，马上(at once, immediately )
Anyone breaking the rules will be asked to leave on the spot. 任何一个违反条例的人马上被请求离开
2, 在现场(at the place of the action )
Wherever she is needed , she is quickly on the spot. 无论哪里需要她，她会迅速赶到现场

★evidence [u]n. 证据
When the police arrived, he had already destroyed the evidence. 当警察来到时，他已经把证据毁掉了。
evidence=proof
in evidence:显而易见的.
He was in evidence at the party. 在晚会上他很突出。
evidently adv.
evident adj.

★accumulate vt,vi. 积累，积聚
accumulate 强调积累的过程
As the evidence accumulates, experts from the zoo felt obliged to investigate. 随着证据的积累，动物园的专家觉得有必要进行调查了。
gather vt. 聚集，把某人召集在某处
collect 收集，采集
assemble 集合，集会， vt. 装配
hoard 大量地贮存
The squirrel hoards up nuts for the cold winter. 松鼠为了寒冷的冬天贮存了大量的坚果
hoard up= store up储存;积聚
amass 积聚（主要用于诗歌和文学作品）

★oblige v. 使…感到必须,迫使, 责成（主要用过去形式）
feel obliged to do sth.感觉有必要做某事,感到不得不做某事
be obliged to do sth 被迫做某事

★hunt n. 追猎；寻找
L01-01 end 12’48”
L01-02 begin 13’15”
run after 强调追赶、追求.
seek 追寻（梦想，理想） = pursue
chase 追赶.
hunt for猎捕，追猎
search 搜寻某处为了寻找到某人或某物

★corner v. 使走投无路，使陷入困境
be cornered ………被逼得走投无路
常用于被动语态：
The thief was cornered at last. 这个贼被逼地走投无路
The problem cornered me.这个问题把我难例了。
corner n. 角落
at the corner of the street
in the corner of the room
on the corner of the desk

★trail n. 一串，一系列
trail==follow vt. 跟踪
eg: The police trailed the criminal to the place where he was hiding. 警察们跟踪痕迹寻找那个罪犯来到了他的藏身之处。

★cling (clung, clung ) v. [(+to)] 粘,粘着;缠着;紧握不放；抱着，怀有
eg: She is always clinging to her mother. 她总是缠着她妈妈。
He clung to the hope that he would succeed.(抱有，怀有) 他怀有成功的希望
stick 粘住
stick to 坚持
sticky adj. 粘的

★convince vt. 使…信服
convince sb. of sth   使sb相信sth
和宾语从句that 搭配使用
没有宾语的情况下要采用主系表结构：be convinced
sb be convicned sb相信

★somehow adv. 不知怎么搞地，不知什么原因
by some means, in some way, for some reason unknown
somewhat ==a little

★disturb v. 令人不安
形容词形式 disturbing adj. 令人不安的 disturbed 感到不安的
surprising 令人吃惊的 surprised 感到吃惊的
exciting 令人激动的 excited 感到激动的
【课文讲解】
at large
1：逃遁的，没有被控制的。
2：详细的(in detail)
3：总体来讲（as a whole）

写作风格：在英文的表达方式中，首先呈现给读者的是结果。写议论文的时候要注意把握观点

L01-02 end 13’15”
Paw prints were seen in a number of places and puma fur was found clinging to bushes.中clinging是现在分词，此处作主语puma fur的主语补足语。下文中As no pumas has been reported missing???一句中，missing也是现在分词作主语补足语。
L01-03    begin   13’09”
eg: Pandas are large cat-like animals which are found in Asia.
cat-like 猫一样的
dog-like 狗一样的
life-like 栩栩如生的

同位语从句：
When reports came into London Zoo that a wild puma had been spotted forty-five miles south of London, they were not taken seriously. 当在伦敦以南45英里处发现了美洲狮这个报告传到了伦敦动物园,，这些报告并没有受到重视。
that是reports的同位语.they和reports承上启下关系自然而密切。

一般来讲定语从句和同位语从句紧随在被修饰名词后面，但为了保持句子平衡，也可以把谓语动词放到从句之前
定语从句只是对于被修饰词的补充说明、修饰。
同位语从句则是讲述被修饰名词的内容
定语从句的引导词：
指人：主语 who; 宾语 who/whom; 定语 whose
表达事物：that(也可指人)/ which
时间状语：when; 地点状语：where; 原因状语： why
同位语从句：名词做主语、宾语时，关系词用that 而不是which
时间 when; 地点 where
eg: An idea came to her that she might do the experiment in another way. （同位语从句）
他想到了一个主意就是以另外一种方法做这个实施
I have no idea what has happened to him. 我不知道他发生了什么事。
定语从句中没有what 这个关系词，但它可以引导同位语从句
(An idea)…come to sb.某人突然想到了……

take sth. seriously==deal with sth. seriously 认真（严肃）对待某事
take sth. lightly:   草率对待某事

as 随着

given by people 过去分词做定语修饰description
by people who claimed to have seen the puma who引导定语从句修饰people，who指代people

声称曾经作过某事： claim to have done sth

I still remember the school where I studied English.

confirm: be sure, be certain肯定

search=hunt为了避免同一遍文章重复所以用search

把某物留在后面：leave behind

Wherever he went, the wound soldier left behind him a trail of blood.伤员所到之处，都留下道道血迹。

Paw prints were seen in a number of places and puma fur was found clinging to bushes.
为了突出paw prints和puma fur所以采用被动语态
英文的表达方式重点在于突出客观事实，而中文则善于运用动作的执行者

complain of / about :抱怨

on a fishing修饰businessman
on + 名词：强调动作正在进行
on the rise:在上升
on the increase: 在增加
on the watch: 在观看
on the match:在比赛中
on the fishing trip:在钓鱼的途中
on holiday: 在度假

fully convinced完全彻底地相信了
fully: completely, entirely

in the possession of sb==in sb's possession 归某人所有
in possession of sth.    拥有某物
take possession of       拥有
eg: The beautiful car is in my possession / in the possession of me.
I am in possession of the beautiful car.
The person in possession of the big house is excited.

It is disturbing to think that 一想到………就心里不安
eg: It is disturbing to think that I felt my examination.

熟读并背诵第一自然段

总结：
at large逍遥法外
take sth. seriously认真对待
cling to粘，依偎于
leave behind留下
complain of抱怨
in the possession of 被什么所拥有/ in possession of拥有某物

feel obliged to investigate感到有必要进行调查
a woman picking blackberries一个正在采黑莓的女士
a businessman on a fishing trip钓鱼途中的商人
go on several weeks持续了几周时间
in the quiet countryside在宁静的乡村

定语从句中which以及指代人的做宾语的whom, 在非正式用法当中可以省略。省略时，介词不能前置到关系代词whom,which前，只能用于非固定的动词短语后面。

look 为例
   look at: 注视
   look for: 寻找 介词不能前置
   live in: 居住 介词可以前置
eg: This is the old house in which he lived. / This is the old house he lived in

make----make sb. do, be made to do
主动语态中不定式to的符号应该省略
被动语态中不定式to的符号必须补充完整

与原句中的when意思要一致，when引导的时间状语从句表示一···就
结构形式和as soon as 相一致的只有B正确 on和动名词搭配等于as soon as 由于句子结构影响所以采用动名词的被动语态
如果用主动： On observing her, it immediately ran away. 介词on后的动名词的逻辑主语必须与主句的主语it相呼应。
On seeing me, he waved to me.

原句中unles相当于if…not / except on the condition that
when=if
except可以和名词/名词性从句进行搭配，也可以是when / if 引导的从句形式。

must be 只是对客观现实的推测，与主句的were now fully convinced时态不一致。
should have been本该是但实际上不是，语义不对
can only be表示能力，或者可能性。表示只能够。
8． D
情态动词表达推测的语意概念时，对于过去事实推测一定要用于情态动词have以及过去分词形式进行搭配

no more than = only
within = not more than 在···之内

in a corner 表示处于困境、尴尬的境地
in a trap 表示落于陷阱中。强调自己被逼入绝境不能逃脱的时候
at an angle 表示弯曲的、不直的。
under cover 在···的掩盖下

fishes for pleasure 钓鱼为了游玩。表示种消遣的目的。
travel for pleasure 外出游玩
read for pleasure 阅读消遣

for his own benefit为了自己的利益
on his own = alone 独自一人
in private=in secret私下的
unknown to the public不为众人所知