neural a．神经系统的，神经中枢的
By the late 1970s，neurologists had switched to thinking of them as just“mental noise”?the random by-products of the neural (a.) -repair work that goes on during sleep．[2005年阅读]
[译文]到了20世纪70年代，神经学专家又转而把梦视作“精神上的杂音”一睡梦中神经修复工作的随机性副产品。
newsletter n．时事通讯
However，the typical teenage lifestyle is already filled with so much competition that it would be(27：wise) to plan activities in which there are more winners than losers，(28：for example)，publishing newsletters (n.) with many student-written book reviews，(29：displaying) student artwork，and sponsoring book discussion clubs．[2003年完形]
[译文]然而，青少年的生活已经充满竞争，所以为他们安排赢家多于输家的各种活动是明智的。例如，出版由学生自己撰编书评的新闻小册子，展出学生的艺术品和赞助成立读书俱乐部等等。
newsroom n．编辑部，阅览室
There exists a social and cultural disconnect between journalists and their readers，which helps explain why the “standard templates” of the newsroom (n.) seem alien to many readers．[2001年阅读]
[译文]新闻记者和读者之间存在着社会和文化方面的脱节，这就是为什么新闻编辑室的“标准模式”与众多读者的意趣相差甚远的原因。
negligence n．疏忽
The author associates the issue of global warming with that of smoking because _____．
[A]they both suffered from the government's negligence(n．)[2005年阅读]
[译文]作者将全球变暖问题与吸烟相联系是因为_______。
[A]两者都被政府忽视了
neurologist n.神经学家
By the late 1970s，neurologists (n.) had switched to thinking of them as just“mental noise”?the random by products of the neural-repair work that goes on during sleep．[2005年阅读]
[译文]到了20世纪70年代，神经学专家又转而把梦视作“精神上的杂音”??睡梦中神经修复工作的随机性副产品。
nonconformist a．／n．不符合传统规范的(人)，不墨守成规旧习的(人)
Straitford is most proud of its_______．
[B]nonconformist (n.) image[2003年阅读]
[译文]“Straitford”感到最骄傲的是它的_______。
[B]不落俗套的现象
nuclei n．①(nucleus的复数形)核心；②原子核
NBAC plans to call for a continued ban on federal government funding for any attempt to clone body cell nuclei (n．①)to create a child．[1999年阅读]
[译文]NBAC计划呼吁继续禁止使用联邦政府基金利用人体细胞核去克隆婴儿的任何企图。
oncogene n．致癌基因
If several oncogenes (n.) are driven into action，the cell，unable to turn them off，beeoines cancerous．[1994年阅读]
[译文]如果若干致癌基因被激活，细胞无力排除也就演变成了癌细胞。
oncologist n．肿瘤学家
“Changes are a normal part of the evolutionary process，”says oncologist (n.) Williarn Hayward．[1994年阅读]
[译文]“变化是进化过程中的一个正常部分，”肿瘤专家威廉?海沃德说道。
optimism n．乐观，乐观主义
History and news become confused，and one's impressions tend to be a mixture of skepticism and optimism (n.)[2005年翻译]
[译文]历史和新闻往往混为一谈，人们的这种印象往往也是怀疑和乐观的混合体。
outburst n．(火山、感情等)爆发、喷出，突发，破裂
What accounts for the great outburst (n.) of major inventions in early America?breakthroughs such as the telegraph，the steamboat and the weaving machine?[1 996年阅读]
[译文]在早期美国，像电报、汽船和织布机这样重大的发明纷涌而出，这是什么原因呢?
outcry n．大声疾呼
Amid the outcry (n.)，many conservative leaders are seeking a return to the prewar emphasis on moral education．[2000年阅读]
[译文]在一片抗议声中，许多保守党领导人正在力图回复到战前，强调道德教育。
outpour v．(使)泻出，(使)流出；n．倾注，流出物
The best title for this passage might be______．
[D]Outpouring (v.) of Inventions[1996年阅读]
[译文]对本文来说最佳的标题可能是______。
[D]发明的涌现
overfund vt．对…提供充足资金
As a nation, we may be overfunding the quest for unlikely cures while underfunding research on humbler therapies that could improve people's lives．[2003年阅读]
[译文]作为一个民族，我们可能在寻求不可能奏效的治疗方法上花钱太多，而在研究能提高人们生活质量的更平常的方法上花钱太少。
overstate vt．夸大，夸张
In Line 8, Paragraph 1,“the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes”means____.
[B]Americans tend to overstate (vt.) their incomes[1994年阅读]
[译文]第一段第八行中的“the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes”指_____。
[B]美国人往往夸大他们的收入
panick v．使惊慌，使恐慌；n．惊慌，恐慌
Consumers seem only concerned，not panicked (v.)，and many say they remain optimistic about the economy's long-term prospects，even as they do some modest belt-tightening．[2004年阅读]
[译文]消费者只是略有担心，并没有恐慌，许多人虽然稍微勒紧腰带，但他们说对于经济的长期前景还是乐观的。
paralysis n．瘫痪，麻痹
Instead of a plan of action，they continue to press for more research?a classic of“paralysis (n.) by analysis．”[2005年阅读]
[译文]不但没有行动计划，反而取而代之的是他们在反复不断地敦促继续研究??一个典型的通过分析来拖延，大事化小，小事化了的案例。
pancreas n．胰腺
But other survival statistics are still discouraging?13 percent for lung cancer，and 2 percent for cancer of the pancreas (n.)．[1994年阅读]
[译文]但其他类型癌症的存活数据却仍令人沮丧一一肺癌13％，胰腺癌2％。
paraphrase v．解释；n．解释
To paraphrase (v.) 18th-century statesman Edmund Burke，“all that is needed for the triumph of a misguided cause is that good people do nothing．”[2003年阅读]
[译文]18世纪政治家埃德蒙?博克曾说过类似这样的话，“误导之所以得逞，就是因为好人无所作为”。
participatory a．供人分享的，参与的
The journalist advocating participatory (a.) democracy in all phases of life，whose own children are enrolled in private schools．[2000年阅读]
[译文]倡导终生参与民主制的新闻记者却把自己的子女送进私立学校。
partisan n．帮派(之争)
In this search the evidence found is always incomplete and scattered，it is also frequently partial or partisan (n.)．[1999年翻译]
[译文]这样的研究中所发现的证据总是不完整的，通常也会带来片面性，还会出现帮派之争。
pathway n．路径
“Businesses need to feel they can trust the pathway (n.) between them and the supplier，”says senior analyst Blanc Erwin of Forrester Research．[1999年阅读]
[译文]Forrester研究所的高级分析师布兰?欧文说，“商家需要认识到他们可以信赖销售商和供应商之间的这种途径。”
patriarchal a．家长的，族长的
The paid manager acting for the company was in more direct relation with the men and their demands，but even he had seldom that familiar personal knowledge of the workmen which the employer had often had under the more patriarchal (a.) system of the old family business now passing away．[1996年阅读]
[译文]领取报酬后代表公司经营的经理与工人和工人的需求形成更加直接的关系，但甚至他也很少像正在被淘汰的旧式家族企业的家长制中的雇主那样对工人有着亲近的、个人化的了解。
perception n．①洞察力；②理解力;③知觉
What they found，in attempting to model thought，is that the human brain's roughly one hundred billion nerve cells are much more talented?and human perception(n．③)far more complicated?than previously imagined．[2002年阅读]
[译文]在试图建造思维模型的过程中，研究人员发现，人类大脑中的近1，000亿个神经细胞要比以前想像的更聪明，人类的感觉器官也比以前想像的更复杂。
pervasive a．普遍深入的
symptoms of pervasive (a．)anti-intellectualism in our schools aren't difficult to find．[2004年阅读]
[译文]学校里不难发现反学识倾向的普遍表现。
penalize v．处罚
Theories (21：centering) on the individual suggest that children engage in criminal behavior (22：because) they were not sufficiently penalized (v.) for previous misdeeds or that they have learned criminal behavior through (23：interactions) with others．[2004年完形]
[译文]将少年犯罪主要归咎于个人的理论认为少年犯罪是因为他们以前的过错没有得到足够的惩罚，或是因为他们在和其他人交往的过程中学会了犯罪行为。
perceptual a．知觉的，有知觉的
First of all，most substances taken in excess will produce negative effects such as poisoning or intense perceptual (a.) distortions．[1997年阅读]
[译文]首先，大多数物质的过量使用都会产生负面的影响，如中毒或严重的知觉错乱。
permissible a．可允许的
Although it ruled that there is no constitutional right to physician-assisted suicide，the Court in effect supported the medical principle of “double effect”, a centuries-old moral principle holding that an action having two effects?a good one that is intended and a harmful one that is foreseen?is permissible (a.) if the actor intends only the good effect．[2002年阅读]
[译文]尽管裁决认为，宪法没有赋予医生帮助病人自杀的权利，然而最高法庭实际上却认可了医疗界的“双效”原则，这个存在了好几个世纪的道德原则认为，如果某种行为具有双重效果(希望达到的好效果和可以预见得到的坏效果)，那么，只要行为实施只是想达到好的效果，这个行为就是可以允许的。
permissive a．许可的，放纵的
Blaming the permissive (a.) 1960s is nothing new，but this is not yet another criticism against the decline in education．[2005年阅读]
[译文]责难放纵的60年代并不新鲜，但这并不是另一份批评教育滑坡的长篇大论。
pharmaceutical n．药物；a．制药(学)上的
Of course，the pharmaceutical(a.) companies will scream．They like divided buyers；they can lobby better that way．[2005年阅读]
[译文]当然药厂不会同意，他们喜欢散客买家，那样他们可以暗中运作。
populate v．①居住；②开垦
As a result the modern world is increasingly popu]ated (v．①) by intelligent gizmos whose presence we barely notice but whose universal existence has removed much human labor．[2002年阅读]
[译文]因此，现代社会有了越来越多的智能装置，虽然我们几乎都注意不到它们，但它们的普遍存在却节省了许多人类劳动。
predominance n．优势
Just as inevitably，the retreat from predominance(n.) proved painful．[2000年阅读1]
[译文]从优势地位上退出的痛苦也同样是不可避免的。
primacy n．首位
A comparison of Brirish geological publications over the last century and a half reveals not simply an increasing emphasis on the primacy(n．)of research，but also a changing definition of what constitutes an acceptable research paper．[2001年阅读]
[译文]对过去一个半世纪的英国地质出版物进行比较，我们不但发现人们对研究的重视程度在不断增加,而且发现人们对可以接受的论文的定义也在不断变化。
provincial a. ①省的．区域的[生] a．②(贬)眼光狭隘的，守旧的，迂腐的
What does “national” mean? Roy Romanow and Senator Michael Kirby recommended a federal-provincial(a.) body much like the recently created National Health Council．[2005年阅读]
[译文]全国性指什么?罗曼诺先生和科比议员的建议是，像近来创立的国家健康咨询中心那样，是一个各省联邦的实体。
psychoactive a．作用于精神的，影响(或改变)心理状态的
Psychoactive(a.) substances are commonly grouped according to whether they are stimulants，depressants，or hallucinogens．[1997年阅读]
[译文]影响精神状态的物质通常分为兴奋剂、镇静剂和迷幻剂。
prefrontal a．额叶前部的，前额的
But not all parts of the brain are equally involved；[he limbic system (the“emotional brain”)is especially active, while the prefrontal (a.) cortex(the center of intellect and reasoning) is relatively quiet．[2005年阅读]
[译文]但并不是所有大脑的部位都参与活动；控制情绪的大脑部位异常活跃，然而控制智力和理性的大脑部位却相对平静。
pushing a．有进取心的，急切的
What has happened is that people cannot confess fully to their dreams，as easily and openly as once they could，lest they be thought pashing (a．)，acquisitive and vulgar．[2000年阅读]
[译文]现在的情况是人们不能像以前那样轻易地、公开地坦陈自己的梦想，惟恐别人认为自己爱出风头、贪婪、庸俗不堪。
pipeline n．管道，传递途径
Rumor has it that more than 20 books on creationism／evolution are in the publisher's pipelines(n.)．A few have already appeared．[1996年阅读]
[译文]有传言说，有20多本关于创世纪论与进化论之争的书即将出版，有几本已经面世了。
pointless a．无意义的
Misled people tend to think that using an animal in research is_______．
[D]pointless (a.) and wasteful[2003年阅读]
[译文]被误导的人们往往认为：在研究中使用动物_______。
[D]没有意义、纯属浪费
populace n．平民
Specialists (48：in) history and economics，have (49：shown) two things：that the period from 1650 to 1750 was (50：marked) by great poverty，and that industrialization certainly did not worsen and may have actually improved the conditions for the majority of the populace (n．)．[1998年完形]
[译文]历史和经济方面的专家们已经证明了两点：第一，极端贫困是1650年至1750年这段时期的标志；第二，工业化肯定没有使大多数民众的生活状况恶化。或许，正是工业化才真正改善了大多数平民的生活状况。
populist a．大众化的
From the beginning of our history，says Hofstadter，our democratic and populist (n.) urges have driven us to reject anything that smells of elitism．[2004年阅读]
[译文]霍夫斯塔特说：自我们的历史之初，我们对民主化和大众化的渴望就驱使我们排斥任何带有精英优越论味道的东西。
practicable a．能实行的，行得通的，可以实行的
Everybody gets ideas，but innovators work consciously on theirs，and they follow them through until they prove practicable (a.) or otherwise．[1994年阅读]
[译文]每一个人都有想法，但创新者会自觉地钻研他的想法，并不懈努力直到证明想法切实可行或不可行。
preconception n．预想，偏见
Some，however，are less reasonable processes of different growth in which preconception of the form scientific theory ought to take，by persons in authority，act to alter the growth pattern of different areas．[1996年翻译]
[译文]然而，在不同的发展过程中，有些不怎么合理一在这些发展过程中，一些权威人士对科学研究应该采取的方式有偏见，从而改变了不同科学领域的发展模式。
preoccupation n．当务之急
If the preoccupation (n.) of schools with academic work was lessened，more time might be spent teaching children surer values．[1995年阅读]
[译文]如果学校对学业的强调减少一些，也许就有更多的时间教孩子更重要的价值观念。
presumptively ad．据推测
He says medical licensing boards “must make it clear…that painful deaths are presumptively (ad.) ones that are incompetently managed and should result in license suspension．”[2002年阅读]
[译文]他说，行医资格理事会“必须明确表明一病人痛苦地死亡，可以推定，是由于医生处理不力造成的，应该因此吊销其从医资格”。
presumptuous a．专横的。自以为是的
It is，however，presumptuous (a.) to insist that there will only be so many jobs for so many scientists，so many businessmen，so many accountants．[1999年阅读]
[译文]然而，去臆断科学家、商人、会计职位的数量就太自以为是了。
primeval a．原始的
What the researchers found was at once both amazing and expected：the US National Aeronautics and Space Administration’s Cosmic Background Explorer satellite?Cobe?had discovered landmark evidence that the universe did in fact begin With the primeval (a.) explosion that has become known as the Big Bang (the theory that the universe originated in an explosion from a single mass of energy)．[1998年翻译]
[译文]研究人员所发现的宇宙云系既令人惊讶，又是人们所期待的，因为美国国家航空航天局的宇宙前景探索者Cobe号卫星已经发现了划时代的证据证明宇宙的确起源于最早的一次爆炸，即人们一直所称的“大爆炸”(此理论认为宇宙起源于一大团能量)。
profess v．表示，公开承认
This does not mean that ambition is at an end，that people no longer feel its stirrings and promptings，but only that, no longer openly honored，it is less openly professed (v.).[2000年阅读]
[译文]但这并不意味着雄心已经穷途末路，人们不再感觉到它对人们的激励了，只是人们不再公开地以它为荣，更不愿公开地承认了。
prompting n．促进，激励，提示
This does not mean that ambition is at an end．that people no longer feel its stirrings and promptings(n.)，but only that．no longer openly honored, it is less openly professed．[2000年阅读]
[译文]但这并不意味着雄心已经穷途末路，人们不再感觉到它对人们的激励了，只是人们不再公开地以它为荣，更不愿公开地承认了。
promptness n．敏捷，机敏
For personal growth，the author advocates all of the following except______.
[B]promptness (n.) in self-adaptation[1995年阅读]
[译文]对于个人成长，下面所有各项中作者不倡导______。
[B]自我迅速适应
provincialist n．地方居民，乡下人
A．Quebec’s resistance to a national agency is provincialist (n.) ideology．[2005年阅读]
[译文]A．魁北克省拒绝加入全国性代理机构是出于地方保护主义思想。
psychedelic a．起幻觉的，迷幻的；n．迷幻剂
These are the substances often called psychedelic (n.) (from the Greek word meaning “mind-manifestation”) because they seemed to radically alter one's state of consciousness．[1997年阅读]
[译文]这些物质常被称为迷幻剂(该醋源于希腊语，指“心灵显现”)，因为它们似乎能完全改变人的意识状态。
publicize v．宣扬
I have discovered，as perhaps Kelsey will after her much-publicized (v.) resignation from the editorship of She after a build-up of stress，that abandoning the doctrine of“juggling your life”，and making the alternative move into“downshifting”brings with it far greater rewards than financial success and social status．[2001年阅读]
[译文]我已经发现(由于压力过大，凯尔茜已多次公开宣称要辞去《她》杂志编辑的职务，在这之后她也许会有同样发现)放弃“忙忙碌碌”的生活哲学，转而过一种“放慢生活节奏”的生活所带来的回报，比经济成功和社会地位更有价值。
quadruple a．四倍的，四重的；vt．使成四倍；vi．成为四倍
This near-tripling of oil prices calls up scary memories of the 1973 oil shock，when prices quadrupled (vt.)，and 1979-1980，when they also almost tripled．[2002年阅读]
[译文]这次近3倍的涨价令人想起了1973年和1979至1980年两次可怕的石油恐慌，当时的油价分别涨了4倍和近3倍。
rearview n．(车辆上的)后视镜
Hence the analogy that likens the conduct of monetary policy to driving a car with a blackened windscreen，a cracked rearview (n.) mirror and a faulty steering wheel．[1997年阅读]
[译文]因此，才会有人将货币政策的指导作用比做是驾驶一辆带有黑色挡风玻璃、破碎的后视镜及方向盘失灵的汽车。
reasoning n．推理；推论
When that happens，it is not a mistake：it is mankind’s instinct for moral reasoning(n.) in action，an instinct that should be encouraged rather than laughed at．[1997年翻译]
[译文]这种反应并不错，这是人类用道德观念进行推理的本能在起作用。这种本能应得到鼓励，而不应受到嘲弄。
revival n．苏醒，复兴，复活，再生效，复苏
The trouble is that part of the recent acceleration is due to the usual rebound that occurs at this point in a business cycle，and so is not conclusive evidence of a revival(n.)in the underlying trend．[1998年阅读]
[译文]问题在于，近年发生的生产力快速增长部分是由于商业周期通常到了这时候就会出现的反弹造成的，因此，还不能作为一次确凿的证据来证实在这一潜在的趋势背后会出现经济复苏的迹象。
receptor n．接受器，感受器，受体
The brain finds it best to keep smell receptors (n．) (19：available)for unfamiliar and emergency signals(20：such as)the smell of smoke．which might indicate the danger of fire．[2005年完形]
[译文]我们发现，大脑能在有不熟悉或紧急信号时，使嗅觉接收器工作，例如，烟味就是着火和危险的信号。
redundancy n．冗余
While in America the trend started as a reaction to the economic decline?after the mass redundancies (n.) caused by downsizing in the late'80s?and is still linked to the politics of thrift，in Britain，at least among the middle class downshifters of my acquaintance，we have different reasons for seeking to simplify our lives．[2001年阅读]
[译文]在美国，这种趋势一开始是对经济衰落所做出的一种反应一出现于80年代后期缩小经济规模导致大规模裁员??在英国，至少在我所认识的中产阶级的简化生活者中，这种趋势仍被认为与节俭政治有关联，虽然如此，然而我们有着不同的理由使自己的生活简单化。
referee n．仲裁人，调解人，裁判员；v．仲裁，裁判
The overall result has been to make entrance to professional geological journals harder for amateurs，a result that has been reinforced by the widespread introduction of refereeing (v.)，first by national journals in the nineteenth century and then by several local geological journals in the twentieth century．[2001年阅读]
[译文]其整体的结果是使业余人员进入专业性地质学杂志更加困难，而审稿制度的全面引进使这个结果得到加强。这一制度开始是在19世纪的全国性杂志进行，进入20世纪后也在一些地方性地质杂志实行。
reformatory a．①改革的；②起改革作用的
The author thinks the present rush to put computers in the classroom is_____．
[D]radically reformatory (a.①)[1999年阅读]
[译文]作者认为：目前匆忙将计算机引入课堂的做法_______。
[D]具有彻底的革命性
remold vt．改造
The emergence of the Net has_______．
[B]remolded (vt.) the intelligence services[2003年阅读]
[译文]网络的出现已经_______．
[B]重塑了情报业
revere v．尊敬
While history once revered (v.) its affinity to literature and philosophy，the emerging social sciences seemed to afford greater opportunities for asking new questions and providing rewarding approaches to an understanding of the past．[1999年翻译]
[译文]当历史学曾经重视其与文学和哲学的密切关系时，新兴的社会科学似乎提供了更多探求新问题的机会，并且为了解过去提供了有价值的研究方法。
righteous a．正直的，正当的，正义的
Feelings of righteous (a.) indignation，it seems，are not the preserve of people alone．[2005年阅读]
[译文]看起来，义愤不仅仅是人类独有的。
scanty a．缺乏的，稀疏的
Examples of benefits or costs of the current concentration wave are scanty (a.).[2001年阅读]
[译文]目前证明这股合并浪潮是带来利还是弊的实例并不多。
scapegoat n．替罪羊
You will be on safer ground if you stick to scapegoats (n.) like the Post Office or the telephone system．[2002年阅读]
[译文]如果你选择去评论邮局或电话局这样的替罪羊，那你就会处于比较安全的境地。
schism n．分裂
The schism (n.) between science and the humanities has，if anything，deepened in this century．[1998年阅读]
[译文]本世纪，(自然)科学与人文科学之间的分裂更深了。
sensory a．感觉的，感官的
“By linking directly to our nervous system，computers could pick up what we feel and，hopefully，simulate feeling too so that we can start to develop full sensory (a.) environments，rather like the holidays in Total Recall or the Star Trek holodeck”he says．[2001年翻译]
[译文]他说：“通过直接与我们的神经系统连接起来，计算机可以感知我们感觉到的东西，并且，它有希望模仿感觉，致使我们能够发展全方位感知环境，就像电影《全部回忆》中的假期或特列克星号上的全息舱面。”
shareholder n．股东
The “shareholders(n.)” as such had no knowledge of the lives，thoughts or needs of the workmen employed by the company in which he held shares，and his influence on the relations of capital and labour was not good．[1996年阅读]
[译文]这类股东不了解他们所持股的公司里工人们的生活、思想和需求。他们对劳资关系也不会产生积极的影响。
shipper n．托运人，发货人，货主
Who’s going to pay for the rest of the bill? Many captive shippers(n.)fear that they will，as Norfolk Southern and CSX increase their grip on the market．[2003年阅读]
[译文]谁来支付其余的费用?许多“被控”客户担心他们会因为南诺弗克和CSX公司将增加对市场的控制。
shortlist n．最后候选人名单
Shortlists (n.) for job interviews，election ballot papers，lists of conference speakers and attendees：all tend to be drawn up alphabetically, and their recipients lose interest as they plough through them．[2004年阅读]
[译文]求职面试、选举投票、会议发言或参加会议等诸多名单，也是按字母表顺序排序的，当人们费劲地向下查看时，兴趣随之索然。
silt n．淤泥，泥沙；v．(使)淤塞，充塞
The Aswan Dam，for example，stopped the Nile flooding but deprived Egypt of the fertile silt (n.) that floods left?all in return for a giant reservoir of disease which is now so full of silt that it barely generates electricity．[1998年阅读]
[译文]以阿斯旺大坝为例，它阻止了尼罗河洪水泛滥，但也使埃及失去了洪水冲击过后留下的肥沃土壤,换回来的是这么一个有弊病的水库。现在这个水库积满了淤泥，几乎不能发电了。
sizable a．相当大的，大小相当的
A sizable (a.) portion of the world is only just emerging from economic decline．[2002年阅读]
[译文]世界上很多地区才刚刚走出经济衰落。
skepticism n．怀疑论
History and news become confused, and one's impressions tend to be a mixture of skepticism (n.) and optimism．[2005年翻译]
[译文]历史和新闻往往混为一谈，人们的这种印象往往也是怀疑和乐观的混合体。
skyrocket v．暴涨，猛涨
Quebec's Drug Insurance Fund has seen its costs skyrocket (v.) with annual increases from 14．3 percent to 26．8 per cent![2005年阅读]
[译文]A．魁北克省药品保险基金发现药品价格一年就从14．3％暴涨到26．8％!
smallpox n．天花
A survey of news stories in 1996 reveals that the anti-science tag has been attached to many other groups as well．from authorities who advocated the elimination of the last remaining stocks of smallpox (n.) virus to Republicans who advocated decreased funding for basic research．[1998年阅读]
[译文]1996年对新闻报道的调查表明，反科学的标签也贴在了许多其他群体上，这些人包括从提倡消灭所有现存的天花病毒的官方人士到倡议削减基础研究基金的共和党人。
sovereignty n．君主，主权，主权国家
Countries that still think foreign investment is an invasion of their sovereignty (n.) might well study the history of infrastructure (the basic structural foundations of a society)in the United States．[2001年阅读]
[译文]那些认为外国投资是对本国主权的侵犯的国家最好还是研究一下美国的基础设施(社会的基本结构基础)建设历史。
spatial a．空间的
They are both experts in spatial (a．)thinking．[1996年阅读]
[译文]他们都是空间(立体)思维的专家。
spontaneity n．自发性
In both oral and written English．talking is triumphing over speaking，spontaneity (n.) over craft．[2005年阅读]
[译文]无论作为口语还是书面语言的英语，侃侃而谈胜过了雅致的言辞，而自我发挥也经过了精心准备。
spook n．间谍，特务
The spooks (n.) call it “open-source intelligence”，and as the Net grows，it is becoming increasingly influential．[2003年阅读]
[译文]间谍们把它称为“公开渠道情报”，随着互联网的增长，这样的情报变得越来越有影响力。
spymaster n．间谍首脑
Straiford president George Friedman says he sees the online world as a kind of mutually reinforcing tool for both information collection and distribution，a spymaster's (n.) dream．[2003年阅读]
[译文]该公司的总裁乔治?弗莱德曼说，他把网络世界视为情报收集和情报发布两方面相互增强的工具，这是间谍大师的梦想。
standstill n．静止，停顿
Population growth in the Northeast and Midwest reaches a near standstill(n.)．[1998年阅读]
[译文](美国)东北部和中西部的人口已接近零增长。
stark a．刻板的，完全的；ad．完全地
The problem is simple and stark (a.①)：health-care costs have been，are，and will continue to increase faster than government revenues．[2005年阅读]
[译文]问题简单而又显而易见，那就是，健康福利的支出过去、现在和将来都会比政府税收增加得快。
statistics n．统计学，统计表
This alone demonstrates that the television business is not an easy world to survive in，a fact underlined by statistics(n.) that show that out of eighty European television networks，no less than 50％ took a loss in 1989．[2005年翻译]
[译文]这一点就足以证明，要在电视行业里生存下来并非易事，统计数字尤其说明了这一事实，在80个欧洲电视网中，多达一半在1989年亏损。
stepladder n．活梯
Today，stepladders (n.) carry labels several inches long that warn，among other things，that you might?surprised!?fall off．[1999年阅读]
[译文]现在，梯子上警告标签有几英寸长，除了警告你其他可能发生的意外情况外，还警告你可能会摔下来，简直是莫名其妙!
stimulant n．刺激物，兴奋剂
Stimulants (n.) initially speed up or activate the central nervous system，whereas depressants slow it down.[1997年阅读]
[译文]兴奋剂主要起到加速或激活中枢神经系统的作用，而镇静剂则相反：减缓它的活动。
stimulus n．刺激物，促进因素，刺激
A further stimulus (n．) to invention came from the“premium”system，which preceded our patent system and for years ran parallel with it．[1996年阅读]
[译文]推动发明的另一激励因素来自“奖赏”制度，它产生于我们的专利制度之前，且多年来与后者一同实施。
stirring a．激动人心的，活跃的，忙碌的; n．激励
This does not mean that ambition is at an end，that people no longer feel its stirrings (n.) and promptings，but only that，no longer openly honored, it is less openly professed．[2000年阅读]
[译文]但这并不意味着雄心已经穷途末路，人们不再感觉到它对人们的激励了，只是人们不再公开地以它为荣，更不愿公开地承认了。
stockpile n．积蓄，库存；vt．储蓄，贮存
Adding to social changes today is an enormous stockpile (n.) of information．[1995年阅读]
[译文]除了当今的社会变化之外，还有信息量巨大的问题。
stomp n．跺脚; v．践踏，跺脚
A man in a white coat rushes to the head of the line，grabs his food and stomps (v.) over to a table by himself．[2002年阅读]
[译文]一个身穿白外套的人冲到队伍的最前面，抓起他的食物，大踏步地独自走到一张桌子边。
subtitle n．副标题，小标题
But it is less clear，to take the question of his subtitle (n.)，why we should，like，care．[2005年阅读]
[译文]但考虑到其副标题所提的问题：为什么我们应该、喜欢或在意?答案还不够明白。
suspension n．悬浮，暂停，中止
He says medical licensing boards “must make it clear … that painful deaths are presumptively ones that are incompetently managed and should result in license suspension (n.)．”[2002年阅读]
[译文]他说，行医资格理事会“必须明确表明??病人痛苦地死亡，可以推定，是由于医生处理不力造成的，应该因此吊销其从医资格”。
supervision n．监督，管理
This lack of parental supervision (n.) is thought to be an influence on juvenile crime rates．[2004年完形]
[译文]缺乏父母监督也被认为是影响少年犯罪率的一种因素。
supercluster n．超星系团
Cobe is designed to see just the biggest structures，but astronomers would like to see much smaller hot spots as well，the seeds of local objects like clusters and superclusters (n.) of galaxies．[1998年翻译]
[译文]Cobe卫星设计的目的就是观察这些最大的物体结构，但宇航员还是想看到更为微小的热区，即像星系中的星团和超星团这样一些局部物体的粒子。
supposedly ad．想像上，据推测，大概
Sir Isaac Newton supposedly (ad．)discovered gravity，through the fall of an apple．[1999年阅读]
[译文]艾萨克?牛顿爵士通过苹果落地发现了万有引力。
surveillance n．监视，监督
A boom in neighborhood surveillance (n.) cameras will，for example，cause problems in 2010，while the arrival of synthetic lifelike robots will mean people may not be able to distinguish between their human friends and the droids．[2001年翻译]
[译文]比如，住宅区附近监视器的猛增在2010年会引发问题；逼真的机器人将意味着人们可能无法区分人类朋友和仿真机器人。
