2007年11月二笔实务真题回顾
一、必做题
1.英译汉
选自International Herald Tribune
Panama goes to polls on upgrade for canal
Published: SUNDAY, OCTOBER 22, 2006
Voters were expected Sunday to approve the largest modernization project in the 92-year history of the Panama Canal, a $5.25 billion plan to expand the waterway to allow for larger ships while alleviating traffic problems.
The government of President Martín Torrijos has billed the referendum as historic, saying the work would double the capacity of a canal already on pace to generate about $1.4 billion in revenue this year. Critics claim the expansion would benefit the canal's customers more than Panamanians, and worry that costs could balloon, forcing this debt- ridden country to borrow even more.
The project would build a third set of locks on the Pacific and Atlantic ends of the canal by 2015, allowing it to handle modern container ships, cruise liners and tankers too large for its locks, which are 33 meters, or 108 feet, wide.
The Panama Canal Authority, the autonomous government agency that runs the canal, says the project would be paid for by increasing tolls and would generate $6 billion in revenue by 2025.
There is nothing Panamanians are more passionate about than the canal.
"It's incomparable in the hemisphere," said Samuel Lewis Navarro, the country's vice president and foreign secretary. "It's in our heart, part of our soul."
Public opinion polls indicate that the plan would be approved overwhelmingly. Green and white signs throughout the country read "Yes for our children," while tens of thousands of billboards and bumper stickers trumpet new jobs.
"The canal needs you," television and radio ads implore.
"It will mean more boats, and that means more jobs," said Damasco Polanco, who was herding cows on horseback in Nuevo Provedencia, on the banks of Lake Gatún, an artificial reservoir that supplies water to the canal.
The canal employs 8,000 workers and the expansion is expected to generate as many as 40,000 new jobs. Unemployment in Panama is 9.5 percent, and 40 percent of the country lives in poverty.
But critics fear that the expansion could cost nearly double the government's estimate, as well as stoke corruption and uncontrolled debt.
"The poor continue to suffer while the rich get richer," said José Felix Castillo, 62, a high school teacher who was one of about 3,000 supporters who took to Panama City's streets to protest the measure on Friday.
Lewis Navarro noted that a portion of the revenue generated by each ton of cargo that passes through the waterway goes to education and social programs.
"We aren't talking about 40 percent poverty as a consequence of the canal," he said. "It's exactly the opposite."
2.汉译英
温家宝在世界旅游大会上的讲话
世界旅游组织秘书长弗朗加利先生，
联合国常务副秘书长弗莱切特女士，
各位代表，女士们，先生们：
十月的北京，天高气爽，秋色宜人。世界旅游组织第15届全体大会今天在这里隆重开幕。我代表中国政府，向各位来宾表示诚挚的欢迎！向大会表示热烈的祝贺！
旅游是一项集观光、娱乐、健身为一体的愉快而美好的活动。旅游业随着时代进步而不断发展。20世纪中叶以来，现代旅游在世界范围迅速兴起，旅游人数不断增加，旅游产业规模持续扩大，旅游经济地位显著提升，旅游活动愈益成为各国人民交流文化、增进友谊、扩大交往的重要渠道，对人类生活和社会进步产生越来越广泛的影响。
古往今来，旅游一直是人们增长知识、丰富阅历、强健体魄的美好追求。在古代，中国先哲们就提出了“观国之光”的思想，倡导“读万卷书，行万里路”，游历名山大川，承天地之灵气，接山水之精华。新中国成立后特别是改革开放以来，中国政府高度重视旅游工作，旅游业持续快速发展，已经成为一个富有蓬勃活力和巨大潜力的新兴产业。目前，中国入境旅游人数和旅游外汇收入跃居世界前列，出境旅游人数迅速增加，已经成为旅游大国。今年上半年，尽管我国遭遇了一场突如其来的非典疫情冲击，但我们一手抓防治非典，一手抓经济建设，及时采取有力扶持政策，使一度受到重创的旅游业得以迅速恢复和发展。
中国是一个历史悠久的文明古国，也是一个充满时代生机的东方大国，拥有许多得天独厚的旅游资源。自然风光旖旎秀美，历史文化博大精深，56个民族风情浓郁，目前已被列入世界文化遗产地和世界自然遗产地达29处。在改革开放的推动下，现代化建设突飞猛进，城乡面貌日新月异。古代中国的风采神韵与现代中国的蓬勃英姿交相辉映。这些都为发展国内外旅游创造了优越的条件。
21世纪头20年，是中国全面建设小康社会。加快推进社会主义现代化的重要战略机遇期，也是中国旅游业发展的有利时期。我们要把旅游业培育成为中国国民经济的重要产业，合理保护和利用旅游资源，努力实现旅游业的可持续发展。中国政府欢迎各国朋友到中国旅游观光，我们将全力保障广大旅游者健康和安全；同时鼓励更多的中国人走向世界。我们愿同各国广泛开展合作，推动世界旅游业的发展。
多年来，世界旅游组织为促进全球旅游业的繁荣与发展，做出了积极而富有成效的努力。最近，世界旅游组织成为联合国专门机构，我们谨表示衷心祝贺。我们相信，这次大会必将对实现全球旅游业的更大繁荣和发展，起到重要的推动作用。
祝世界旅游组织第15届全体大会圆满成功！
谢谢大家！
这是讲话原文，真题中有删减
二、选做题
1.英译汉
Milton Friedman, Free Markets Theorist, Dies at 94
选自new york times
Milton Friedman, the grandmaster of free-market economic theory in the postwar era and a prime force in the movement of nations toward less government and greater reliance on individual responsibility, died today in San Francisco, where he lived. He was 94.
Conservative and liberal colleagues alike viewed Mr. Friedman, a Nobel prize laureate, as one of the 20th century’s leading economic scholars, on a par with giants like John Maynard Keynes and Paul Samuelson.
Flying the flag of economic conservatism, Mr. Friedman led the postwar challenge to the hallowed theories of Lord Keynes, the British economist who maintained that governments had a duty to help capitalistic economies through periods of recession and to prevent boom times from exploding into high inflation.
In Professor Friedman’s view, government had the opposite obligation: to keep its hands off the economy, to let the free market do its work. He was a spiritual heir to Adam Smith, the 18th-century founder of the science of economics and proponent of laissez-faire: that government governs best which governs least.
The only economic lever that Mr. Friedman would allow government to use was the one that controlled the supply of money — a monetarist view that had gone out of favor when he embraced it in the 1950s. He went on to record a signal achievement, predicting the unprecedented combination of rising unemployment and rising inflation that came to be called stagflation. His work earned him the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Science in 1976.
Rarely, his colleagues said, did anyone have such impact on both his own profession and on government. Though he never served officially in the halls of power, he was always around them, as an adviser and theorist.
“Among economic scholars, Milton Friedman had no peer,” Ben S. Bernanke, the Federal Reserve chairman, said today. “The direct and indirect influences of his thinking on contemporary monetary economics would be difficult to overstate.”
Professor Friedman also fueled the rise of the Chicago School of economics, a conservative group within the department of economics at the University of Chicago. He and his colleagues became a counterforce to their liberal peers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, influencing close to a dozen American winners of the Nobel prize in economics.
It was not only Mr. Friedman’s antistatist and free-market views that held sway over his colleagues. There was also his willingness to create a place where independent thinkers could be encouraged to take unconventional stands as long as they were prepared to do battle to support them.
“Most economics departments are like country clubs,” said James J. Heckman, a Chicago faculty member and Nobel laureate who earned his doctorate at Princeton. “But at Chicago you are only as good as your last paper.”
Alan Greenspan, the former Federal Reserve chairman, said of Mr. Friedman in an interview on Tuesday. “From a longer-term point of view, it’s his academic achievements which will have lasting import. But I would not dismiss the profound impact he has already had on the American public’s view.”
To Mr. Greenspan, Mr. Friedman came along at an opportune time. The Keynesian consensus among economists, he said — one that had worked well from the 1930s — could not explain the stagflation of the 1970s.
But he also said that Mr. Friedman had made a broader political argument: that you have to have economic freedom to have political freedom.
Mr. Friedman had a gift for communicating complicated ideas in simple and lucid ways, and it served him well as the author or co-author of more than a dozen books, as a columnist for Newsweek from 1966 to 1983 and even as the star of a public television series. He was a bridge between the academic and popular worlds, and his broader impact stemmed in large part from the fact that he was preaching a gospel of capitalism that fit neatly into American self-perceptions. He was pushing on an open door.
A Libertarian Champion
As a libertarian, Mr. Friedman advocated legalizing drugs and generally opposed public education and the state’s power to license doctors, automobile drivers and others. He was criticized for those views, but he stood by them, arguing that prohibiting, regulating or licensing human behavior either does not work or creates inefficient bureaucracies.
Mr. Friedman insisted that unimpeded private competition produced better results than government systems. “Try talking French with someone who studied it in public school,” he argued, “then with a Berlitz graduate.”
Once, when accused of going overboard in his antistatism, he said, “In every generation, there’s got to be somebody who goes the whole way, and that’s why I believe as I do.”
In the long period of prosperity after World War II, when Keynesian economics was riding high in the West, Mr. Friedman alone warned of trouble ahead, asserting that policies based on Keynesian theory were part of the problem.
Even as he was being dismissed as an economic “flat-earther,” he predicted in the 1960s that the end of the boom was at hand. Expect unemployment to grow, he said, and inflation to rise, at the same time. The prediction was borne out in the 1970s. It was Paul Samuelson who labeled the phenomenon stagflation.
Mr. Friedman’s analysis and prediction were regarded as a stunning intellectual accomplishment and contributed to his earning the Nobel prize for his monetary theories. He was also cited for his analyses of consumer savings and of the causes of the Great Depression: he blamed the Federal Reserve, accusing it of bad monetary policy and saying it had bungled early chances for recovery. His prestige and that of the Chicago school soared, and his analysis of the Depression changed the way that the Fed thought about monetary policy.
Government leaders like President Ronald Reagan and Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher of Britain were heavily influenced by his views. So was the quietly building opposition to communism within the East bloc, including from intellectuals like Vaclav Klaus, who later became prime minister of the Czech Republic.
As the end of the century approached, Professor Friedman said events had made his views seem only more valid than when he had first formed them. One event was the fall of communism. In an introduction to the 50th-anniversary edition of Friedrich A. Hayek’s seminal book on the totalitarian consequences of collectivist planning, “The Road to Serfdom,” Professor Friedman wrote that it was now clear that “progress could be achieved only in an order in which government activity is limited primarily to establishing the framework with which individuals are free to pursue their own objectives.”
“The free market is the only mechanism that has ever been discovered for achieving participatory democracy,” he said.
Professor Friedman was acknowledged to be a brilliant statistician and logician. To his critics, however, he sometimes pushed his data too far. To them, the debate over the advantages or disadvantages of an unregulated free market was far from over.
2.汉译英
汉译英选做题一是关于中医的，第二篇是关于“黄舸”的。没找到相应的中文原文，不过找到了该中文对应的英译文。
Amazing Journey
The three-year trip of a father and his disabled son to thank their benefactors has ended in recognition for the courageous pair
A 13,000-km journey across China, on a homemade tricycle, over three years--the story of Huang Ge and his father is an amazing and touching tale.
Huang Ge, born in Changsha City of Hunan Province and now aged 18, looks much younger than his years. He was diagnosed at seven years old with a rare congenital myopathy, an incurable disease that allows few sufferers to live beyond 18.
The diagnosis knocked his father Huang Xiaoyong, who had looked after the boy alone since his wife left when Huang Ge was just one year old.
Devastated by the news, the father sold everything he had and went raising money in order to seek medical treatment in the faintest hope stopping the disease's course. His hope was in vain however, and Huang Ge's muscles began to wither.
Huang Ge's story attracted the media's attention when a friend of Huang Xiaoyong wrote a letter to Hunan Economic Television Station, asking for their help to fulfill Huang Ge's wish to see his mother on his twelfth birthday.
Staff at the station were touched by the story and worked on a television show that would reunite Huang Ge with his mother. At the end of 2000 the show was aired, and two weeks later it was broadcast worldwide through international channel China Central television (CCTV), China's largest television station.
After the show donations to help Huang Ge flooded in from China and abroad. "I never expected that there would be so many people caring about us," said Huang Xiaoyong. "I kept a notebook and put down the name, address and telephone number of each person who sent money, from the moment I received the first remittance." His records filled three full pages.
Seeing the flag
In 2001 Huang Ge's health worsened, and he became unable to move his body below the neck. Despite the disability Huang Ge was determined not to be housebound and said to his father one day, "I've never been to Beijing and I really want to see the flag-raising in Tiananmen Square."
His father vowed to try to make Huang Ge's wish come true and over the following two years built a tricycle at their home in order to ride to Beijing. Wishing to take the journey a step further Huang Ge suggested before they set off that they take the list of benefactors and visit as many as possible along the way to say "thank you."
"They helped us, but I don't know what they look like, and I have a strong feeling that I owe each of these kind people a thanks," Huang Ge told his father.
So, on May 17, 2003, Huang Ge and his father set off on the tricycle, with provisions and clothes packed for the journey and Huang Ge sat in his wheelchair strapped into a metal box on the back.
It took the pair two months and two days to reach Beijing where Huang Ge achieved the first part of his dream--seeing the flag raising in Tiananmen.
Then began the journey home to Changsha, and the second part of Huang Ge's dream--to visit his benefactors.
The father and son found the first benefactor in Qingdao, Shandong Province. Ma Yue, a local citizen who had sent 200 yuan to help Huang Ge after he saw the television program, never expected that three years later the father and the son whose story had touched him so deeply would knock at his door.
"Tears welled up in his eyes the moment he saw us, and the three of us couldn't help hugging together," recalled Huang Ge.
Huang Ge and his father pushed on, but the journey was difficult, with the tricycle only able to travel 100 km a day, and the iron box sheltering Huang Ge getting cold in the rain and almost unbearably hot in the sun.
The journey was also hard for the father, with nothing to protect him, and miles to travel each day. Speaking of his father's trials, Huang Ge said he felt a great debt to him for making the journey possible.
For three years the father and son traveled across China paying thanks to 30 benefactors in dozens of cities, and Huang Ge passed his eighteenth birthday.
"It really gives me a strong sense of victory and my father and I have made a miracle. Now I do have enough confidence to achieve another miracle," said Huang Ge.
Recognition
While Huang Ge and his father made their journey to praise others for their help, the amazing journey has also won them recognition.
At the end of 2006 CCTV held its annual award ceremony, giving prizes to ten people or groups that had moved the country most over the year, with candidates selected by both the public and a panel of judges. Huang Ge and his father were among the winners.
Other winners included Wang Baixing, a policeman who risked his life to defuse 15,000 bombs over two decades, and Hua Yiwei, a veteran military surgeon who conducted numerous surgical operations and saved many people's lives during his career.
There was also Fok Ying Tong, an entrepreneur form Hong Kong who donated 20 billion yuan to charity, and farmer Lin Xiuzhen, who supported six solitary elders for 30 years.
The annual event that recognizes people who have moved the country has won much praise since it began in 2002.
"It is like an epic of our nation's most precious spirits," according to one member of the show's audience. Li Qiang, a sociologist from Tsinghua University, said, "We don't lack heroes in our times. What's more important is what kind of heroes we expect, and the annual selection of heroes of our society has definitely set up a good model for that."
And Sun Jinling, one of the chief producers of the program, added,"We want to make the annual selection of China moving heroes our brand program. The heroes make a better world for the people, and we will make a better TV program out of them to let the country feel our cherished national spirit."
http://www.bjreview.com.cn/quotes/txt/2007-03/09/content_67276.htm
