Lecture One

dict, dic-说
contra-反对，相反
contradict vt. 反驳，否认
It's difficult to contradict someone politely.
彬彬有礼地驳斥别人是难以做到的。
contradiction n. 反驳，矛盾
Your statements today are in contradiction with what you said yesterday.
你今天的声明与你昨天所说的话相互矛盾。
contradictory adj. 反驳的，反对的
contradictive adj. 抵触的，反对的
contrast n/ vt. 对比，对照
in contrast 相反
Teachers can know the development of students through in-class and after-class communication. In contrast, Internet has no emotions. It can not communicate with students.
by contrast with和...成对照； 和...比起来
compare
Compare and contrast English with Chinese.
Teacher's life is often compared to a candle.

dictate vt. 口述，指示
The English teacher dictates to the class every other week.
The union leaders are trying to dictate their demands to the employer.
dictation n. 口授笔录，听写
dictator n. 独裁者
dictatress n. 女独裁者
dictatorial adj. 独裁的
dictatorship n. 专政
diction n. 措辞
His diction is noted for its freshness and vividness.
他以用字遣词清新生动见长。

predict vt. 预言，预报
Sometimes, it is difficult to predict the outcome of a football game;
sometimes, sometime, some time
prediction n. 预言，预报
predictive adj. 预言性的
predictable adj. 可预言的
predictor n. 预言者
foretell v. 预言，预测
forecast n/vt. 预测，预报
the weather forecast
foreword, preface 前言
postscript 后记，附言

malediction n. 诅咒
maledict vt. 诅咒, 咒骂
benediction n. 祝福
benedictive adj. 祝福的
benedictory adj. 祝福的
blessing n. 祝福
curse n. 祸, vt. 诅咒, 咒骂
He cursed the waiter who had spilled soup on him.
他咒骂那个把汤 溅在他身上的男侍者。
It is essential for us to try to decide whether the Internet is a blessing or a curse.

indicate vt. 表明
A signpost indicated the right road for us to follow.
一个路标给我们指出应走的路。
indication n. 表明
index n. 指标
show, describe, illustrate, demonstrate, depict, reveal

dictionary n. 词典，字典
diction n. 措辞，用语

addict vt.上瘾，沉溺 n. 上瘾者
fan, admirer
Some computer addicts prefer to operate computer around the clock.
The children are addicted to computer games.
孩子们对计算机游戏上了瘾。

dedicate vt. 献出，贡献
dedication n. 贡献
dedicator n. 献身者
devotee
He dedicated his first book to his mother.
他把第一本书献给他母亲。

claim, clam
exclaim
The children exclaimed with excitement.
孩子们激动地喊了起来。
exclamation
exclamatory adj. 叫喊的

proclaim
New regulations on the wages for holiday jobs in the college were proclaimed.
salary
proclamation
proclamatory adj. 公告的，宣告的

acclaim
Penicillin was acclaimed as the most important discovery during the 1940's.
青霉素曾被公认是二十世纪四十年代最重大的发现。
acclamation n. 欢呼，喝彩
acclamatory adj. 欢呼的，喝彩的

clamour
clamorous
clamorously

claim
Fishermen and sailors sometimes claim to have seen monsters in the sea.
渔夫和水手有时声称看到过海里的妖怪。
His claim about the number of people killed in the spring forest fire was evidently overstated.
他所说的春天森林大火中的死亡人数显然是夸张了的。
claim tag (标签) 行李票
claimant n. 提出要求者，原告

reclaim
reclamation n. 开垦
quest, quire, quer, quiste
acquire
Some people go back for their education to acquire another degree or diploma to impress the society.
有些人回到学校去接受教育,是想再取得一个学位或一张文凭,以增强自己在社会上的地位。
acquirement
acquisition
acquisitive

acquit vt. 宣告无罪
acquit oneself表现，完成
他很好地尽到了责任。
He acquited himself well of his duty [promise].
acquit sb. of a crime宣判某人(无罪)
acquitment n. 释放，开赦
acquittal n. 宣判无罪
acquittance n. 解除, 偿清

conquer
conquerable adj. 可征服的
conqueror n. 征服者
conqueress n. 女征服者
conquest n. 征服，战利品
defeat n/vt击败, 战胜, 失败
They were defeated in the football match.
他们在足球赛中输了。
The football team suffered a defeat.
该足球队被击败了。
victory n. 胜利
The school football team has had three victories this month against other schools.
校足球队这个月三次战胜其他学校。
defeatism n.失败主义
defeatist n.失败主义者
defect n. 过失, 缺点
disadvantage, shortcoming, blemish, demerit, flaw, fault, failure
advantage, strongpoint, highlight, merit, virtue
I feel that the advantages of …… carry more weight than its disadvantages.
The advantages of …… overweigh its disadvantages.

inquest

inquire
inquirer n. 询问的人, 探究的人, 调查者
inquiry n. 质询, 调查
inquiring adj. 咨询的, 打听的, 爱追根究底的
inquisite v. 审讯, 调查
inquisition n. 调查, 探究

question
in question被谈的, 正在谈论的
out of question毫无疑问
at question 可疑的, 可以争论的
questionary n. 调查表, 问卷
questionnaire n. 调查表, 问卷
questioner n. 质问者, 发问者

request
require
All passengers are required to show their tickets.
所有乘客都必须出示车票。
requirement n. 需求
requisite adj. 需要的,必备的n. 必需品
requisition n. 正式请求

voc, voke
vocal
Public opinion at last became vocal.
终于舆论哗然。
vocalize v. 发声
vocalization n. 发声法
vocalism n. 发声
vocalist

convoke vt.召集
evoke vt.唤起, 引起
That old film evoked our father generation's memories of the years of the war.
那部旧影片唤起我们的父辈们对战争年代的回忆。

provoke
provoking adj. 激怒的
provocation n. 激怒
provocative adj. 煽动的 n. 刺激物
provocator vt. 激怒

revoke vt. 撤回, 废除, 宣告无效
Her license was revoked.
她的执照被吊销
revocable adj. 可废止的, 可取消的
vocabulary n. 词汇, 词汇量, 词表
vocation n.召唤, 职业
avocation n. 副业, 业余爱好
vacation n.假期
holiday
mid-autumn festival

advocate
hold, think, believe, argue, maintain, vote for
advocation n. 支持，拥护
advocator n. 拥护者, 提倡者
advocatory adj. 拥护者的, 有关拥护者的
advertise v. 做广告, 登广告
We should advertise for someone to look after our children.
我们该登个广告聘人来照管孩子们。
babysitter, nanny
advertisement n. 广告, 做广告
adwriter n.撰写广告文字者
adwoman n. 从事广告工作的女人, 女广告人员

vid, vis
visit
visiting scholar访问学者，进修生
visitor
visible
visibly adv.显然
invisible
invisibly adv.看不见地, 看不出地
revise v. 校订, 修订
He was revising his thesis for the oral examination.
revised amendment修订的修正案
reviser n. 校订者, 修订者
revision
revisional adj. 校订的, 修正的
revisionary adj. 校订的, 修正的
revisory adj. 修订的
revisionism n. 修正主义
revisionist n. 修正主义者adj. 修正主义的

vision
She has good vision.
她的视力很好。
poor vision.
视力很差
She really is a vision.
她真是个美人。
He had a vision of himself as a rich businessman.
他想象自己是一个富有的商人。
visional adj. 梦幻般的

television
televisible adj. 可由电视播放的,适于电视播放的
televise

visa
video
visionary

supervise
supervisor, advisor, mentor, tutor
supervision n. 监督, 管理

improvise v. 临时准备
The explorers improvised a tent out of two blankets and some long poles .
improviser n. 即兴诗人, 即席演奏者, 即席演讲者

evident
evidently adv. 明显地, 显然
evidential adj. 证据的, 可作证据的, 提供证据的
evidentiary adj. 证据的, 根据证据的
evidence

provide
provision n. 供应
provisional adj. 临时的
provided conj. (常与that连用=on the condition that) 假若；
亦作：providing
You may keep the book a further week provided (that) no one else requires it.
倘若这本书没有其他人想借的话，你可以再续借一个礼拜。
provident adj. 有远见的，节俭的
He is provident of his money.
providence n.深谋远虑
providential adj. 幸运的；神助的; 天意的
providentially adv. 照天意, 靠天佑
improvident adj. 无远见的, 浪费的
province
provincial adj. 省的，偏狭的

country n. 国家
countryside n.乡间；农村
county n. 县, 郡
court n. 法院, 球场
tennis court, badminton court
butterfly stroke, dragonfly, firefly
breast (胸) stroke/ breaststroke
backstroke
freestyle
My favorite stroke is butterfly. She had a very rapid stroke.

guard, gard
disregard
Disregarding all difficulties, we succeeded in making this experiment in the end.
disregardful adj. 不顾的, 轻视的
disregardfully adv. 不顾的, 轻视的

guard
the guard company 警卫连
the Royal Horse Guards（英国）皇家骑兵团
an honor guard一个仪仗队
on guard处于警戒状态
The sentry (哨兵) is on guard.
defend vt. 防护, 辩护
The accused (控告) man had a lawyer (attorney) to defend him.
defender n.防卫者, 拥护者
defensive adj.防御用的, 自卫的
defense n.防卫, 防卫物
the department of defense
pentagon n. 五角形, 五边形
the Pentagon
guardian n. 护卫者, 保护人, 监护人
The mother was given custody of the children.
custody n. 监护权
regard
regarding, concerning, 关于
regardless adj.不管, 不顾
He says what he thinks, regardless of other people's feelings.
unguarded
unguardedly adv.不留神地, 没防备地

scope n. 范围, 机会, 余地，观测仪器
field, area, domain
telescope
telescopic adj. 远视的, 伸缩的
microscope n. 显微镜
magnifier n. 放大镜
periscope n. 潜望镜, 展望镜
periscopical adj. 展望的, 周视的
periscopic adj. 展望的, 周视的

spect
spectacle
Viewed from the top of Mountain Tai, the sunrise was indeed a spectacle.
从泰山顶上看去, 日出真是个奇观。
spectacular adj. 引人入胜的, 壮观的
spectacularity n. 壮观, 壮丽, 引人注目
spectator n. 观众
audience

prospect n. 景色, 前景, 前途, 期望 vi. 寻找, 勘探
prospector n. 探勘者, 采矿者
prospectus n. 内容说明书
prospective adj. 预期的
prospective bride未来的新娘
prospective bridegroom/groom

retrospect
retrospection n. 回顾
retrospective adj. 回顾地
retrospectively adv. 回顾地
retrospectus n. 回顾性评论,简要回顾

inspect
inspection n. 检查, 视察
inspector
inspectress n. 女检查员
inspectoral adj. 检查员的
inspectorate n. 检查员,视察员,巡视员等之总称
poem, poet, poetry
inspectorship n. 检查员的职务和地位
censor n. 检查员
censorate n. 检查机构
censorship n. 审查机构, 审查制度
It is quite urgent for the government and the authorities concerned to impose strict censorship on TV shows and movies before the programs are on show.
inspective adj. 检查的, 留神的

expect
As expected, the sales manager gave in his notice at work today.
be expecting怀孕
His wife was expecting.
他的妻子当时正怀孕。
pregnant adj. 怀孕的
A woman is pregnant for nine months before a child is born.
pregnancy n. 怀孕
expectable adj. 能预期的, 意料中的
expectation
expectant
expectancy n. 期待, 期望
expectative adj. 期待中的, 预期的

respect
respective
respectful
respectable adj. 可敬的, 有名望的
respectant adj. 向后看的, 面对面的

suspect
He seems poor, but I suspect that he has quite a lot of money.
他看上去很穷，可是我怀疑他很有钱。
suspect sb. of a crime
怀疑某人犯罪
suspect sb. of giving false information
怀疑某人提供假情报
suspect patient
suspectable
suspectless adj. 不可疑的

suspend vt. 吊, 悬挂
The lamp was suspended from the ceiling.
灯吊在天花板上。
pend vi. 悬而未决
pendant n. 下垂物

suspicious adj. 可疑的, 怀疑的
suspiciously adv. 可疑的, 怀疑的
doubtful, questionable

suspire vi. 叹息, 叹气
suspirious adj. 叹息的,长叹的
suspiration n. 叹息

introspect
introspection n. 内省, 反省, 自省
introspectionism n. 内省主义,内省论
introspectionist n. 内省者, 反省者
introspectionistic adj. 内省主义的
introspective adj. (好)内省的, (好)自省的, (好)反省的
introspectively adv. 好反省的,好内省的
introspectiveness n. 内省,自省,反省

introvert n. 格性内向的人
introverted adj. 内向的, 含蓄的, 闭关自守的
introvertive adj. 内向的
introversive adj. 内向的
introversion n. 内向性, 内省性

extrovert n. 性格外向者
extroverted adj. 外向性的, 喜社交的
extrovertish adj. 外向者的, 如外向者的
extrovertive adj. 偏向于外向的

circumspect
circumspection n. 细心, 慎重
circumspective adj. 慎重的, 细心的
circumspectly adv. 慎重地, 留心地
careful, wary, cautious

aspect
factor, ingredient, side

spectator

audi
audience
auditorium
audible
audibly adv. 可听见地
audient n. 倾听者adj. 倾听的
audit
Independent accountants audit the company annually.
独立会计师每年审计公司帐目。
auditor
auditress n. 女查帐员, 女听者
auditorial adj. 审计员的, 查帐官的, 通过听觉的
auditory adj. 耳的, 听觉的
auditorship n. 审计检查官的职位
audio

sci
science
pseudoscience
pseudo adj. 假的, 冒充的

scientist

conscious
consciously adv. 有意识地, 自觉地
consciousness n. 意识, 知觉

unconscious
He was unconscious for quite a long time after being admitted to hospital.

subconscious adj. 下意识的
subconsciously adv. 下意识的
subconsciousness n. 下意识

conscience n. 良心, 道德心
His conscience troubled him after he took the money.
in all conscience
凭良心，公道地
have a clear [good] conscience
问心无愧
conscience-smitten (smite 重击), conscience-stricken adj. 良心不安的， 受良心谴责的
conscienceless adj. 没良心的, 不知廉耻的
conscientious adj. 凭良心的；谨慎的；尽责的
conscientiously adv. 良心上
conscionable adj. 凭良心的, 正直的

not
annotate
annotation n. 注释, 评注
annotated adj. 有评注的, 有注解的
annotator n. 注解者

denote
denotable adj. 可指示的, 可表示的
denotation n. 指示
denotative adj. 指示的, 外延的, 表示的

notable
notably adv. 显著地, 特别地
note
take notes
notice
wanted
notify
notion
notorious
Such a notorious person has got to the top of the company.
这样一个臭名昭著的家伙竟然登上了公司最高层。
notoriety

pute
compute
computer
computation

dispute
The members of the town committee disputed for hours about whether to build a new museum.
They disputed how to bring into full play the potential of the staff.
beyond dispute无争论余地; 的确, 无疑
in dispute在争论中; 尚未解决
under dispute在争论中; 尚未解决
dispute with sb. on sth.
disputer
disputant n. 争论者；adj. 争论的
disputation n. 争论, 驳斥, 议论
disputative adj. 爱争论的, 爱争辩的
disputatious
disputable

reputation
repute n.名誉, 名声；v.名誉, 认为, 称为
good repute
bad repute
in high [low] repute
声望高[低]的
He is reputed for his honesty.
他以诚实见称。
reputed adj. 名誉好的,
reputable adj. 著名的
reputably adv. 好评地, 卓越地
disrepute n. 名誉不好；无信誉；声名狼藉

judg, judi
judge
judgmatic adj. 考虑周到的, 明智的
judgmatical adj. 周到的, 明智的
judgment
judgemental adj. 审判的
judicable adj. 可审判的, 应受审判的
judicative adj. 判决的, 司法的
judicatory adj. 审判的 n. 审判制度
judicial
judicious
judicature n. 司法

arbitration n. 仲裁, 公断
arbitrator n.仲裁人, 公断者
arbitress n. 女仲裁人
arbitratorship n. 仲裁者的身份

misjudge
misjudgement n. 判断错误
misknowledge n. 错误的认识；误解

prejudge
prejudgement n. 在审判前判决
prejudication n. 预先判断

prejudice
prejudicial adj. 引起偏见的
prejudicious adj. 有成见的
bias n. 偏见, 偏爱

anim
animal
animate
animated adj. 活生生的, 活泼的
animatedly adv. 活生生地, 精力旺盛地
animation n. 活泼, 有生气
animating adj. 鼓舞生气的, 启发的
animatingly adv. 有生气地, 鼓励地
animative adj. 使有生气的, 令人振奋的
unanimous
unanimously adj. 全体一致地,无异议地

viv, vit
vital
a vital examination
significant, important
significance, importance
vitality
vitalize v. 激发
vitalization n. 赋予生命
revitalize v. 新生
revitalization n. 新生，复兴

vitamin
vivid
vividly adv. 生动地, 鲜明地
vividness n. 活泼, 明亮

revive v. 苏醒，复兴
The fresh air soon revived him.
revivification n. 复活, 恢复, 苏醒
revivable adj. 可苏醒的
revival n. 苏醒, 复兴

survive
survival
survivor
survivorship n. 生存

capit
capital
capitalism
capitalist n. 资本家 adj. 资本主义的
capitalize vt. 以大写字母写, 变成资本
capitalization n. 资本化, 资本总额, 大写

socialism n. 社会主义
socialist adj. 社会主义的；n. 社会主义者
socialite n. 社会名流，名士
sociality n. 社交, 交际, 社会性
societal adj. 社会的
sociable adj. 好交际的；随和的
gregarious adj. 爱群居的；爱社交的

captain
captainless adj. 无首领的
captainship n. 首领或队长之职, 统率者的资格

cor, cord, cour
concord
concordance n. 和谐
concordancy n. 和谐, 一致
concordant

discord
discordance n. 不和谐
discordancy n. 不和谐
discordant adj. 不协调的，不一致的

accord
according
according to
According to one study, belts are worn only by about fifteen percent of drivers and passengers in cities, and only nine percent in small towns.
根据一项研究,在城市里只有百分之十五的驾驶员和乘客系保险带,在小城镇,只有百分之九。
accordingly
accordance n. 一致, 和谐
accordancy n. 调和, 意向
accordant adj. 一致的

core
cordial
cordiality n. 诚实, 郑重, 诚恳

courage
courageous
courageously
discourage
discouragement
encourage
encouragement
encouraging
sper, spair
desperate
desperately
desperateness n. 拼命
desperation n. 绝望
despair
in despair 绝望
despicable adj. 可鄙的；卑劣的
despicably adv. 可鄙地, 卑劣地

prosperous
unprosperous adj. 不繁荣的
prosperity

spir
aspire
aspire after v. 渴望, 追求
aspiring adj. 热心的, 积极的, 有抱负的
aspirer n. 热望者, 追求者
aspiration
aspirant n. 有抱负者, 有野心者

conspire
conspiracy

inspire
inspiration
plot vi. 密谋, 策划
scheme n. 阴谋, 方案

expire
My season ticket will expire this week.
我的月票到这周为止。
Our trade agreement with Holland will expire at the end of this year.
我国同荷兰的贸易协定今年年底期满。
expiry n. 期满，届满
expiringly adv. 奄奄一息的

respire
spirit
spiritual
spirited

perspiration
perspire v. 出汗, 流汗, 分泌, 渗出
perspiratory adj. 汗的,汗水的,引起出汗的
sweat n. 汗v. 出汗

transpire
It transpired that the fire was caused by a careless smoker.
transpirable adj. 可蒸发的, 可散发的
transpiration n. 蒸发(物), 散发