Unit 1 攻克堡垒（Day1-10)Day 9
by
① 在……旁边，从……旁边，通过：
Come over here and stand by me. 过来站在我旁边。
② 到（某时候）：
Perhaps she has recovered by now. 到现在她可能已经痊愈了。
③ 由（某人干的），以（某种方式），通过：
Who is that book by? 这书是谁写的？
④ 从（船、汽车、飞机等）：
I came by bus (boat, subway). 我坐汽车（船，地铁）来的。
⑤ 在（本性、职业）上，靠（本能等）：
She is generous by nature. 她天生很慷慨。
He was a peasant by birth. 他出身农民家庭。
by accident 偶然 by air 通过航空途径
by all means 尽一切办法，务必 by and by 不久，迟早
by chance 偶然，碰巧 by far 最，……得多
by hand 用手，用体力 by itself 自动地，独自地
by means of 用，依靠 by mistake 错误地，无意地
by no means 决不，并没有 by oneself 单独地，独自地
by reason of 由于 by the way 顺便说说
by virtue of 借助，由于 by way of 经由，通过……方法
little by little 逐渐地 step by step 逐步地
side by side 并肩 by then 到那时
卡片二
career n. 生涯，职业
vessel n. 船舶；容器，器皿；血管
vertical adj. 垂直的
oblige v. ① 迫使，责成 ② 使感激
obscure adj. 阴暗，模糊
extent n. ① 程度，范围 ② 一大片（地区）
exterior n. 外部，外表 adj. 外部的，外表
external adj. 外部的，外表的，外面的
petrol n. 汽油（=gasoline）
delay vt. & n. 推迟，延误，耽搁
decay vi. 腐烂，腐朽
decent adj. 像样的，体面的
route n. ① 路；路线 ② 渠道
ruin v. 毁坏，破坏 n. 毁灭
sake n. 缘故，理由
satellite n. 卫星
scale n. 大小，规模；等级；刻度
temple n. 庙宇
tedious adj. 乏味的， 单调的
tend vi. 易于，趋向
tendence n. 趋向，趋势（-ence名词后缀）
intend v. 想要，打算
extend v. 延伸，伸展
attend v. 出席，参加
ultimate adj. 极端的，最大的，最终的 n. 极端
undergo v. 经历，遭受
abundant adj. 丰富的，充裕的，大量的
abundance n. 丰富，充裕
adopt v. 收养；采用，采纳
adapt vi. 适应，适合；改编，改写 vt. 使适应
bachelor n. 学士，学士学位；单身汉
casual adj. 偶然的，碰巧的；临时的，非正式的
trap n. 陷阱，圈套 v. 设陷阱捕捉
vacant adj. 空的，未占用的
vacancy n. 空，空白空缺，空闲，清闲，空虚
vacate v. 腾出，空出，离（职），退（位）
vacation n. 假期，休假；（房屋等的）腾出
vacuum n. 真空，真空吸尘器 adj. 真空的，产生真空的
oral adj. 口头的，口述的，口的
optics n. （单、复数同形）光学
organ n. 器官；风琴
excess n. 过分，过量，过剩
expel v. 驱逐，开除，赶出
expend v. 消费
expenditure n. 支出，消费经费
expense n. 开销，费用
expensive adj. 花钱多的价格高贵的
expand v. 扩大，扩张；展开，膨胀
expansion n. 扩大，扩充发展，膨胀
private adj. 私人的，个人的
privacy n. 隐私
individual adj. 个别的，单独的 n. 个人，个体
personal adj. 个人的，私人的亲自的
personnel n. [总称]人员，员工人事部
the Pacific Ocean n. 太平洋
the Atlantic Ocean n. 大西洋
the Arctic Ocean n. 北冰洋
the Antarctic Ocean n. 南冰洋
grant vt. 授予，同意，准予
grand adj. 宏伟大，壮丽的，重大的
invade v. 侵入，侵略，侵袭
invasion n. 入侵，侵犯
acid n. 酸，酸性物质 adj. 酸的，尖刻的
acknowledge v. ① 承认……的主张 ② 告知（礼物等）已经收到 ③ 对……致谢
balcony n. 阳台
calculate vt. 计算，核算
calendar n. 日历；月历
optimistic adj. 乐观的
optimist n. 乐观者
optimism n. 乐观主义
optimistic adj. 乐观主义的
pessimistic adj. 悲观主义的
pessimist n. 悲观者
pessimism n. 悲观主义
optional adj. 可以任选的，非强制的
option n. ① 选择 ② 选择权
optional adj. 可以任选的
outstanding adj. 杰出的，突出的，显著的
export n. 出口（物） v. 出口，输出
passport n. 护照
religion n. 宗教，宗教信仰
religious adj. 虔诚的，宗教上的
religionism n. 笃信宗教，宗教狂
religionist n. 宗教家，宗教狂热者
victim n. 牺牲品，受害者
video n. 电视，视频 adj. 电视的，录像的
videotape n. 录像磁带 v. 把……录在录像带上
offend v. 冒犯，触犯
offender n. 冒犯者
bother v. 打搅，麻烦
interfere v. 干涉，干扰，妨碍
internal adj. 内部的，国内的
international adj. 国际的
beforehand adv. 预先，事先
racial adj. 人种的种族的
radiation n. 放射物，辐射
radical adj. 放射的，辐射的
radiance n. 发光，光辉
radiant adj. 发热的
range n. 幅度，范围 v.（在某范围内）变动
wonder n. 惊奇，奇迹 v. 想知道，对……感到疑惑
isolate vt. 使隔离，使孤立
issue n. 问题，争论点；发行，（报刊）一期
hollow adj. 空的，中空的，空虚道
hook n. 钩 vt. 钩住
adequate adj. 适当的，足够的
adhere vi. 粘附，附着遵守，坚持
ban vt. 取缔，禁止
capture vt. 俘虏，捕获
valid adj. 有效的，有根据的，正当的
valley n. 山谷，峡谷
consistent adj. 坚固的；一致的，始终如一的
consist adj. 一致的 v. 由……组成
continuous adj. 继续的，连续（不断）的
continue v. 继续
continual adj. 不断地，频繁的
explode v. 爆炸；爆发；激增
explosion n. 爆炸；爆发；激增
explosive adj. 爆炸的；极易引起争论的
exploit v. 剥削；利用，开采
explore v. 勘探
remote adj. 遥远的，偏僻的
removal n. 除去，消除
render vt. 使得，致使，给予补偿
precaution n. 预防，防备，警惕
caution n. 小心，谨慎，警告
precautious adj. 警戒的，小心的
idle adj. 懒散的，无所事事的
identify vt. 认出，鉴定
identity n. 身份；个性，特性
poverty n. 贫穷
resistant adj.（to）抵抗的，抗……的，耐……的
resist v. 抵抗
resistance n. 反抗
resolve vt. 解决；决定，决意
barren adj. 贫瘠的
bargain n. 便宜货 vi. 讨价还价
coarse adj. 粗的，粗糙的，粗劣的
Unit 1 攻克堡垒（Day1-10)Day 10
练习一
（一）
1. oblige A v. To lay out; spend; To use up; consume
2. tend B adj. Of the greatest possible size or significance; maximum; Being last in a
series, process, or progression; Fundamental; elemental; n. The greatest
extreme; the maximum
3. ultimate C vt. To make suitable to or fit for a specific use or situation.
4. abundant D vi. To have a tendency; To be disposed or inclined; To move or extend in a
certain direction
5. adopt E v. To force or drive out; To force to leave; deprive of membership
6. adapt F v. To constrain by physical, legal, social, or moral means; To make
indebted or grateful
7. excess G v. To take into one’s family through legal means and raise as one’s own
child; To take and follow (a course of action, for example) by choice or
assent
8. expel H v. To increase the size, volume, quantity, or scope of; enlarge; To open
(something) up or out; spread out
9. expend I n. The state of exceeding what is normal or sufficient
10. expand J adj. Occurring in or marked by abundance; plentiful
【Key】1. F 2. D 3. B 4. J 5. G 6. C 7. I 8. E 9. A 10. H
（二）
1. private A vt. To set apart or cut off from others.
2. invade B adj. not being burdened by trouble, worry, or care; happy and carefree; be of
optimism; confident; cocksure
3. acknowledge C adj. Left to choice; not compulsory or automatic
4. calculate D v. To transgress; violate; To violate a rule or law
5. optimistic E vt. To ascertain by computation; reckon
6. optional F vt. To obtrude or force (oneself, for example) on another or others.
7. impose G v. To intervene or intrude in the affairs of others; meddle; To come
between so as to be a hindrance or an obstacle
8. offend H v. To admit the existence, reality, or truth of; To report the receipt of;
To express thanks or gratitude for
9. interfere I adj. Of or confined to the individual; personal
10. isolate J v. To enter by force in order to conquer or pillage; To encroach or
intrude on; violate
【Key】1. I 2. J 3. H 4. E 5. B 6. C 7. F 8. D 9. G 10. A
（三）
1. issue A vi. To stick fast by or as if by suction or glue; To carry out a plan, a
scheme, or an operation without deviation
2. adequate B vt. To take captive, as by force or craft; seize
3. adhere C adj. Producing the desired results; efficacious; Having legal force;
effective or binding; Well grounded; just
4. capture D v. To make use of selfishly or unethically; To employ to the greatest
possible advantage
5. valid E adj. Uninterrupted in time, sequence, substance, or extent
6. consistent F adj. Reliable; steady; Being in agreement with itself; coherent and
uniform
7. continuous G vt. To ascertain the origin, nature, or definitive characteristics of
8. exploit H n. The essential point; crux:; A point or matter of discussion, debate,
or dispute; The act of circulating, distributing, or publishing by an
office or official group; A single copy of a periodical
9. identify I adj. Barely satisfactory or sufficient；Sufficient to satisfy a requirement
or meet a need
【Key】1. H 2. I 3. A 4. B 5. C 6. F 7. E 8. D 9. G
练习二
1. It does not alter the fact that he was the man for the death of the little girl. (1995.1)
A. accounting B. guilty C. responsible D. obliged
2. This local newspaper doesn’t pay much attention to affairs.
A. external B. extra C. outside D. surface
3. I don’t mind the decision as long as it is not too late.
A. your delaying to make B. you delay to make
C. your delaying making D. you to delay making
4. What caused the Rome Empire to ?
A. lag B. fail C. decade D. decay
5. The president made a speech at the opening ceremony of the sports meeting, which
encouraged sportsmen greatly.
A. vigorous B. tedious C. flat D. harsh
6. The cause of the American Civil War was the bombardment of Fort Sumter.
A. ultimate B. senior C. simple D. outer
7. There is rainfall in this area.
A. abundant B. rare C. a lot D. much
8. The old couple decided to a boy and a girl though they had three childen of their own. (1997.6)
A. adapt B. bring C. receive D. adopt
9. The newcomers found it impossible to themselves to the climate sufficiently to make
permanent homes in the new country. (1998.1)
A. suit B. adapt C. regulate D. coordinate
10. The police set a to catch the thieves. (1994.1)
A. plan B. device C. trap D. trick
11. Although they plant trees in this area every year,the tops of some hills are still . (1996.6)
A. bare B. vacant C. blank D. hollow
12. It is quite necessary for a qualified teacher to have good manners and knowledge. (1996.1)
A. extensive B. expansive C. intensive D. expensive
13. The news came through channels.
A. private B. individual C. terminal D. personal
14. The scientists are able to accurately when the spaceship will reach the moon.
A. count B. guess C. calculate D. estimate
15. He is about his chances of winning a gold medal in the Olympics next year.
A. outstanding B. optimistic C. optional D. obvious
16. Country ’s affair should not be interfered by any other countries.
A. inner B. internal C. inside D. inward
17. They took measures to prevent poisonous gases from escaping. (1996.1)
A. fruitful B. beneficial C. valid D. effective
18. It is our policy that we will achieve unity through peaceful means. (2000.1)
A. continual B. consistent C. continuous D. considerate
19. Those queer animals, the dinosaurs, lived in ages.
A. far B. isolated C. distant D. remote
20. It’s impossible to the man among so many people.
A. deceive B. identify C. proved D. testified
21. When people become unemployed, it is which is often worse than lack of wages. (1996.6)
A. poverty B. idleness C. inability D. laziness
22. Her arrival did little to the problem.
A. deal B. inspire C. prescribe D. resolve
【Key】
1. C 这改变不了他对女孩的死负有责任的事实。
2. A 这份地方报纸不太关注国外新闻。
3. C 只要不是太迟，我不介意推迟做决定。
4. D 是什么导致罗马帝国的衰退？
5. A 校长在运动会的开幕式上做了充满激情的演讲大大鼓舞了运动员的士气。
6. A 美国南北战争的最根本起因是对萨姆特堡的轰炸。
7. A 这一地区的降雨量很丰富。
8. D 那对老夫妇自己已经有了三个孩子，但还决定要收养一个男孩和一个女孩。
9. B 刚来的人发现自己无法适应这片新国土上的气候，无法永久定居下来。
10. C 警方设下圈套捉拿窃贼。
11. A 尽管每年他们都种树，但有些山顶还是光秃秃的。
12. A 一位称职的教师必须行为端正，知识渊博。
13. A 消息是私下传出来的。
14. C 科学家能够正确地计算出太空船什么时候抵达月球。
15. B 他有信心在下明年的奥运会上取得金牌。
16. B 一个国家的内政不应受到其他国家的干预。
17. D 他们采取了有效措施防止有毒气体泄漏。
18. B 通过和平手段达到统一是我们一贯的政策。
19. D 那些怪异的动物——恐龙生活在遥远的年代。
20. B 要从这么多人中识别出他是不可能的。
21. B 一个人失业时，无所事事比缺少工资更糟糕。
22. D 她的到来对解决问题几乎没有什么帮助。
