整体词 + 否定谓语部分
英语中有些表示整体含义的代词和副词,它们和否定词 not 连用时,不是表示全部被否定,否定的只是一部分。这样的词有 all, both, every, everybody, everything, everywhere, always, altogether, entirely, wholly。
All is not gold that glitters. 闪闪发光物,未必尽黄金。
I don't wholly agree with you. 我并不完全同意你。
All the students are not here in time. 所有的学生并非都按时来这儿。
全否定词 + 肯定谓语部分
全否定词指的就是词本身含有绝对否定的意义,虽然谓语部分是肯定的形式,但整个句子还是表达的否定含义。这样的词有 none, no, nobody, nothing, nowhere, nohow, nowise, neither, never 等,这些否定词或者它们的词组可作主语,宾语或状语。
Nobody passing by in the street can buy the expensive car. 街上的行人,都买不起这种昂贵的汽车。
None of you can take the books out of here. 任何人都不能把书带出去。
I saw nothing in the sky. 我在天空中什么也没有看见。
The guy is nowhere to go. 这家伙那儿都不去。
全否定词 + 肯定谓语部分
全否定词指的就是词本身含有绝对否定的意义,虽然谓语部分是肯定的形式,但整个句子还是表达的否定含义。这样的词有 none, no, nobody, nothing, nowhere, nohow, nowise, neither, never 等,这些否定词或者它们的词组可作主语,宾语或状语。
Nobody passing by in the street can buy the expensive car. 街上的行人,都买不起这种昂贵的汽车。
None of you can take the books out of here. 任何人都不能把书带出去。
I saw nothing in the sky. 我在天空中什么也没有看见。
The guy is nowhere to go. 这家伙那儿都不去。
主语 + 否定式谓语部分 + 不定代词(不定副词)
不定代词在否定句中不能作主语,它们只能作宾语,它们同 not 一起构成否定形式,这些词有 any, anyone, anybody, anything, 不定副词则作状语,这些词有 either, anyhow, anywhere, anywise, anyway。
I didn't tell anybody, I promise. 我没告诉任何人,我向你保证。
You can't ask nobody to help you again. 你不可能不再要别人帮肋你。
He was ill yesterday, he didn't go anywhere last night. 他昨天病了,晚上哪儿也没去。
整体词 + 肯定谓语 + 含否定意义的单词
此句是一否定句型,它的否定意义是通过句中的其它含有否定意义的单词体现出来的。
All the workers got nothing. 所有的工人什么都没得到。
Each problem arising in the progress is impossible for us to solve . 对工程中出现的问题,我们不可能解决。
He always feels unhappy these days. 他这些日子一直感觉不愉快。
另见:
英语中部分否定的几种表示方法
英语中的部分否定(即不完全否定)有如下一些表示方法:
一、 all 的否定式:not all…(或:all…not)表示"并非都……"、"不是所有的都……"例如:
Not all men can be masters. (= All men cannot be masters.) 并非人人都能当头头。
Not all bamboo grows tall. 并非所有的竹子都会长得很高。
二、 both 的否定式:not…both (或:both… not) "并非两个……都……" 例如:
I don't want both the books. 我不是两本书都要。
Both (the) windows are not open. 两扇窗子并不都开着。
三、 every…的否定式:"不是每……都……" 例如:
Not every book is educative. (或:Every book is not educative.) 不是每本书都有教育意义的。
Not everyone likes this book. 并非人人都喜欢这本书。
This flower is not seen everywhere. 这花并不是随处可见的。
四、 always的否定式:"并非总是(并非一直)……" 例如:
He is not always so sad. 他并不是一直都这样悲伤。
五、 entirely, altogether, completely 和quite 的否定式:"不完全……","并非完全……" 例如:
The businessman is never to be entirely trusted. 不可以完全信任商人。
He felt not altogether satisfied. 他并不完全满意。
I don't agree completely. 我并不完全同意。
What he did was not quite proper. 他做的不十分妥当。
六、 all the time 的否定式:"并非一直……"、"未必老是……" 例如:
A foolish man doesn't make a mistake all the time. 笨人未必老是犯错误。
七、 not…and…的否定式,被否定的往往是and后面的那一部分。 例如:
He did not speak clearly and correctly. 他讲得清楚但不正确。
This film is not interesting and instructive. 这部电影有趣但无教育意义。
She cannot sing and dance. 她会唱歌但不会跳舞。
如果将and 换成or,not 对其后面的两部分就全盘否定了。
He did not speak clearly or correctly. 他讲的既不清楚也不正确。
如要对上述的all, both, every, always, 以及entirely, altogether, completely, quite 和 all the time 等词作完全否定,那就分别要用与之相对应的全否定词,如no, none, neither, no one, never, not (never)… at all 等。例如:
All of them can do it.--- None of them can do it.
Both are good.---Neither is good.
Everybody likes it. ---Nobody likes it.
He is always late. --- He is never late.
We don't trust them entirely. --- We never trust them at all.
He was here all the time. --- He was never here.
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